{"id":10121,"date":"2016-07-09T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-07-08T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-12T00:33:30","modified_gmt":"2018-12-11T16:33:30","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e4%b8%8e%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e4%bf%b1%e4%b9%90%e9%83%a8%e6%b4%bb%e5%8a%a8%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%ef%bc%88%e5%90%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=10121","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60: \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b14\u8bb0\uff08\u542b\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c6\u9891\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<h2 style=\"\"><span style=\"\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<section class=\"wx96Diy\" >\n<section class=\"wx96Diy\" >\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section class=\"96wxDiy\" style=\"   box-sizing: border-box; \">\n<section class=\"\" style=\" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; \">\n<section class=\"96wx-bdc\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 0.7em; border-top-right-radius: 0.7em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.7em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.7em; box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(61, 167, 66); box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"96wxDiy\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; \">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p><span style=\"\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><span style=\"\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>N-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u8bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a: one-hot \u4e0e embedding<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u53e5\u5b50\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u793a: VSM \u548c embedding<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1: \u4ece SMT \u5230 end-to-end<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1(Statistical Machine Translation,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">SMT<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7aef\u5230\u7aef(end-to-end)\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210(Natural Language Generation, NLG)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\n<li>\n<p>\u4ece\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5230 encoder-decoder<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(149, 55, 52);\">\u540e\u8bb0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;\" class=\"96wxDiy\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"border: 32px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); -webkit-border-image: url(http:\/\/cdn.96weixin.com\/sucai\/tupian\/tp16062201.png) 32 fill;\">\n<h2 style=\"\">\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u5bf9 2016 \u5e74 7 \u6708 3 \u65e5\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u300d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u662f\u5f20\u6c5f\u5728 2008 \u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4eab\u53d7\u79d1\u5b66\u4e50\u8da3\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u5021\u5bfc\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684 \u201d\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4e8e 2014 \u5e74\u7ed3\u7f18\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u7ed3\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u4f18\u79c0\u53c8\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u96c6\u667a\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u671f\u5730\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u3001\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u4e0b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u524d\u6cbf\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\uff0c7 \u6708 3 \u65e5\u8fd9\u671f\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3b\u8bb2\u4eba\u662f\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5728\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u674e\u5ae3\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5979\u8fd8\u662f\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u300c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5a9b\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u300d\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c0f S\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e0d\u59a8\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u53e6\uff0c\u540e\u6587\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528\u300c\u5c0f S\u300d\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u300c\u674e\u5ae3\u7136\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; white-space: normal;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"wx96Diy\" >\n<hr class=\"96wx-bdtc\" style=\"border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-top-color: rgb(101, 160, 233); border-top-style: solid;\"  \/> \t\t<\/section>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 80, 77);\"><strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u4e0b:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" rules=\"groups\" frame=\"hsides\" width=\"498\">\n<thead style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<tr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" class=\"firstRow\">\n<th scope=\"col\" class=\"org-left\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-color: rgb(102, 221, 221);\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" class=\"org-left\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-color: rgb(102, 221, 221);\">\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5a9b\u7684\u65e5\u5e38<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<tr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<td class=\"org-left\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-color: rgb(102, 221, 221);\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma3-1534234570.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/td>\n<td class=\"org-left\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-color: rgb(102, 221, 221);\"><img  style=\"\" class=\"\"    src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534234570.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 80, 77);\"><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"wx96Diy\" >\n<p><img class=\"\"    src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234570.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">&nbsp;\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4efb\u52a1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box;\">\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u76f8\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0f S \u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u300c\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 528.188px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u89e3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u597d\u8981\u56de\u590d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img loading=\"lazy\"  width=\"393\" height=\"283\" style=\"width: 393px; height: 283px;\" class=\"\"    src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534234570.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 25.6px;\">\u597d\u597d\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u4eba\u8bdd\uff0c\u522b\u6253\u8138\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 25.6px;\"><strong style=\"line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box;\">\u573a\u666f\u4e00: \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">\u2014\u2014&nbsp;\u5c0f\u660e:&nbsp;\u6c6a\u6c6a\u6c6a\u6c6a\u55b5\u55b5\u55b5<br  \/>\u2014\u2014&nbsp;\u5c0f\u7ea2:&nbsp;(\u8bf4\u4eba\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u6eda\u728a\u5b50)<br  \/><\/pre>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box;\">\u573a\u666f\u4e8c: \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u80fd<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 25.6px;\"><strong style=\"line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box;\"><\/strong><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">\u2014\u2014&nbsp;\u5c0f\u660e:&nbsp;\u82df\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u6b7b\u5df2\uff0c\u5c82\u56e0\u7978\u798f\u907f\u8d8b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0f\u7ea2\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u94a6\u5b9a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff1f<br  \/>\u2014\u2014&nbsp;\u5c0f\u7ea2:&nbsp;(\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u2026\u2026)<br  \/><\/pre>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box;\">\u573a\u666f\u4e09: \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u56de\u590d<\/strong><strong style=\"line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box;\"><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">\u2014\u2014&nbsp;\u5c0f\u7ea2:&nbsp;\u5c0f\u660e\uff0c\u4e0b\u5348\u653e\u5b66\u540e\u4f60\u628a\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u7a97\u6237\u73bb\u7483\u64e6\u4e00\u64e6\u5427!<br  \/>\u2014\u2014&nbsp;\u5c0f\u660e:&nbsp;\u6211\u64e6\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u64e6\uff01<br  \/><\/pre>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 528.188px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5c0f S \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a Perceive\u3001Understand \u548c C<span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">Perceive\u3001Understand \u548c Communicate \u548c\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5bf9 Perceive\u3001Understand \u548c Communicate \u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"org-ul list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>Language Modeling: \u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u662f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u8005\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300c\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b(Language Model, LM)\u300d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Representation: \u6240\u8c13\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bcd\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7b49\u7b49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Machine Translation: \u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u591a\u8bf4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Language Generation: \u5373\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e76\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u6b63\u786e\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u6a21\u7528\u6765\u523b\u753b\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u67d0\u4e2a\u300c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u53e5\u5b50\u300d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4ee5\u5224\u522b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u5408\u7406\u300d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bcd\u548c\u53e5\u5b50\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8fd8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u4e0e Perceive \u548c Understand \u90fd\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Language Generation \u5219\u662f\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8981\u7ed9\u4eba\u770b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u548c Communicate \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u5728\u3002Machine Translation \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684 NLP \u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6e90\u8bed\u8a00\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u53e5\u5b50\u5177\u5907\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u76ee\u7684\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u6548\u7387\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u548c Understand\u3001Communicate \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"\"><img class=\"\"  style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma6-1534234570.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0); font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0); letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6;\">\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 1.25rem; letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6;\">\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u6574\u4f53\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u5168\u523b\u753b\u300c\u8bed\u8a00\u6574\u4f53\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6574\u4f53\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u523b\u753b\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u672a\u6765\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u523b\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u6bb5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3001\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u523b\u753b\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b50\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u300c\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u300d\u800c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91c7\u6837\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u91c7\u6837\u8303\u56f4\u9650\u5236\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u666f\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6309\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300c\u8bed\u6599(Corpus)\u300d\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u57fa\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728\u9650\u5236\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u5c3d\u91cf\u6db5\u76d6\u53d7\u9650\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u8981\u6c42\u8bed\u6599\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u8981\u6c42\u8bed\u6599\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5f88\u96be\u4e00\u8d77\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6709\u4e86\u8bed\u6599\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u5f97\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5462\uff1f\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u7279\u6027\u300d\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u91cf\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6216\u8005\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bed\u8a00(\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u82f1\u6587)\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u7136\u540e\u5462\uff0c\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u5176\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5ea6(Confidence)\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u540e\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6765\u4ece\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>It&#39;s hard to recognize speech<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>It&#39;s hard to wreck a nice beach<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u90e8\u5206:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u96c6\u5408:&nbsp;<span class=\"MathJax_Preview\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;\"><\/span><span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px;\"><nobr aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; border: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; vertical-align: 0px;\"  \/><span class=\"math\" role=\"math\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 8.549em;\"><span style=\"width: 8.677em; height: 0px; font-size: 15.68px; vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(1.215em 1008.61em 2.618em -999.997em); top: -2.165em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mrow\" style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; \"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">V<span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.195em; \"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.258em; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">={<\/span><span class=\"msubsup\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.896em; height: 0px;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(3.383em 1000.45em 4.212em -999.997em); top: -4.015em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">e<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; top: -3.887em; left: 0.45em;\"><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">1<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">,<\/span><span class=\"msubsup\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.195em; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.896em; height: 0px;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(3.383em 1000.45em 4.212em -999.997em); top: -4.015em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">e<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; top: -3.887em; left: 0.45em;\"><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">2<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">,<\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.195em; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">&#8230;,<\/span><span class=\"msubsup\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.195em; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.96em; height: 0px;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(3.383em 1000.45em 4.212em -999.997em); top: -4.015em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">e<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; top: -3.887em; left: 0.45em;\"><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">n<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 2.172em; \"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: -0.309em; overflow: hidden; width: 0px; height: 1.128em; \"><\/span><\/span><\/nobr><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5e8f\u5217&nbsp;<span class=\"MathJax_Preview\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;\"><\/span><span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px;\"><nobr aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; border: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; vertical-align: 0px;\"  \/><span class=\"math\" role=\"math\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 7.401em;\"><span style=\"width: 7.529em; height: 0px; font-size: 15.68px; vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(1.279em 1007.53em 2.49em -999.997em); top: -2.165em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mrow\" style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; \"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">W<span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.131em; \"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.258em; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">=<\/span><span class=\"msubsup\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.258em; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.151em; height: 0px;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(3.383em 1000.71em 4.212em -999.997em); top: -4.015em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">w<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; top: -3.887em; left: 0.705em;\"><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">1<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"msubsup\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.151em; height: 0px;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(3.383em 1000.71em 4.212em -999.997em); top: -4.015em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">w<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; top: -3.887em; left: 0.705em;\"><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">2<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">.<\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.195em; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">..<\/span><span class=\"msubsup\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.195em; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.406em; height: 0px;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(3.383em 1000.71em 4.212em -999.997em); top: -4.015em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">w<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; top: -3.887em; left: 0.705em;\"><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">m<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 2.172em; \"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: -0.184em; overflow: hidden; width: 0px; height: 0.941em; \"><\/span><\/span><\/nobr><\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6982\u7387<span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px;\"><nobr aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; border: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; vertical-align: 0px;\"  \/><span class=\"math\" role=\"math\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 2.618em;\"><span style=\"width: 2.682em; height: 0px; font-size: 15.68px; vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(1.215em 1002.62em 2.618em -999.997em); top: -2.165em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mrow\" style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; \"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">P<span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.131em; \"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">W<span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.131em; \"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 2.172em; \"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: -0.309em; overflow: hidden; width: 0px; height: 1.128em; \"><\/span><\/span><\/nobr><\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d&nbsp;<span class=\"MathJax_Preview\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;\"><\/span><span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px;\"><nobr aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; border: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; vertical-align: 0px;\"  \/><span class=\"math\" role=\"math\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 2.937em;\"><span style=\"width: 3.001em; height: 0px; font-size: 15.68px; vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(1.279em 1003em 2.49em -999.997em); top: -2.165em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mrow\" style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; \"><span class=\"msubsup\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.024em; height: 0px;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(3.383em 1000.71em 4.212em -999.997em); top: -4.015em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">w<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: 0px; top: -3.887em; left: 0.705em;\"><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">i<\/span><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 4.021em;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.258em; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">\u2208<\/span><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; padding-left: 0.258em; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">V<span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.195em; \"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px; height: 2.172em; \"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"   vertical-align: -0.184em; overflow: hidden; width: 0px; height: 0.941em; \"><\/span><\/span><\/nobr><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5927\u81f4\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u62bd\u8c61\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e86 \u2014\u2014 \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cN-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b(Neural Network Language Model,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">NNLM<\/strong>)\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>N-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u300d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u53ea\u548c\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u53e5\u5b50 W=w1w2&#8230;wm\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5176\u6982\u7387\u4e3a:<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>P(W)=P(w1)\u22c5P(w2|w1)\u22c5P(w3|w1w2)&#8230;P(wm|w1w2&#8230;wm\u22121)<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u5047\u8bbe: \u6bcf\u4e2a\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u300d\u53ea\u548c\u5176\u524d\u9762N<\/span><span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-user-select: none; display: inline; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important;\"><\/p>\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">&nbsp;\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5373 N-1 \u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b80\u5316(\u4ee5<\/span><span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-user-select: none; display: inline; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important;\"><\/p>\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>N<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/math>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">&nbsp;\u4e3a\u4f8b):<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u5047\u8bbe: \u6bcf\u4e2a\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u300d\u53ea\u548c\u5176\u524d\u9762 N\u22121N\u22121 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5373 N-1 \u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b80\u5316(\u4ee5 N=3N=3 \u4e3a\u4f8b):<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>P(W)=<span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">P(w1)\u22c5P(w2|w1)\u22c5P(w3|w1w2)\u22c5P(w4|w1w2w3)&#8230;P(wm|w1w2&#8230;wm\u22121) &nbsp; <span style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u2248<\/span>P(w1)\u22c5P(w2|w1)\u22c5P(w3|w1w2)\u22c5P(w4|w2w3)&#8230;P(wm|wm\u22122wm\u22121)) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a 3 \u9636\u7684\u300cN-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u300cTrigram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c1 \u9636 N-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300cUnigram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c2 \u9636 N-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300cBigram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c4 \u9636\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c4-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 1 \u9636\u7684 N-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u300cgram\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a gram \u5c31\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bcd\u6765\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a gram \u5c31\u662f\u8bcd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a gram \uff0c\u540e\u6587\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u6216\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u65e0\u7279\u6b8a\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a gram\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u300cN-gram\u300d\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u300c\u6781\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1(Maximum Likelihood Estimation,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">MLE<\/strong>)\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u5373\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a N-gram \u7684\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u9891\u6b21\u7136\u540e\u9664\u4ee5\u9891\u6b21\u4e4b\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6982\u7387\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><img  title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" class=\"\"  style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma5-1534234570.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u6599\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4e\u9891\u7684 N-gram \u5728\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u53e5\u5b50\u6982\u7387\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u4e3a 0 \u7684 N-gram \u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u300c\u96f6\u6982\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u300d\u3002\u968f\u7740 N \u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u8d8a\u53d1\u7684\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u96f6\u6982\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7684 N-gram \u7684\u9891\u6b21\u300c\u5206\u300d\u4e00\u70b9\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 N-gram\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb \u300c\u6298\u6263(discount)\u300d\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 N-gram \u7684\u4f4e\u9636\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u300cbackoff\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5e73\u6ed1(smoothing)\u300d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Bengio \u5728 2003 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6982\u7387\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b(Neural Probabilistic Language Model,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">NPLM<\/strong>)\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">1<\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u601d\u60f3\u5176\u5b9e\u548c N-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u662f\u540c\u51fa\u4e00\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u4e8e N-1 \u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u7531\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684 N-1 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5c06 N-1 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>N-gram \u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u6bcf\u4e2a N-gram \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u79ef\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u8bed\u6599\u7684\u6269\u5145\u800c\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u4f46 NPLM \u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>N-gram \u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5e73\u6ed1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u96f6\u6982\u7387\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46 NPLM \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u6ca1\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 N-gram \uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u975e 0 \u7684\u6982\u7387\u503c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e14\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5404\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b9e\u503c\u800c\u975e\u79bb\u6563\u7684 0\/1 \uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u300cWord Embedding\u300d\u7684\u8f83\u65e9\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Bengio \u8fd8\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u300c\u5faa\u73af\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc(Recurrent Neural Network,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">RNN<\/strong>)\u300d\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u6355\u83b7\u66f4\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f(longer term context)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u300cIDL \u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u5f90\u4f1f\u66fe\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u72ec\u7acb\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6784\u5efa Bigram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u601d\u8def<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cTomas Mikolov \u4e8e 2010 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e RNN \u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b(Recurrent Neural Network Language Model,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">RNNLM<\/strong>)<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">3<\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u987a\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u5230\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0cBengio \u8fd8\u662f\u5389\u5bb3\u554a \u2014\u2014 \u8bdd\u8bf4 Google Scholar \u4e0a Tomas Mikolov \u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e00\u5934\u957f\u53d1\u5bb3\u8fd1\u89c6\u773c\u7684\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u59d1\u5a18\u5462 <img src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/themes\/grace8.5.1\/includes\/wp-alu\/static\/img\/icon_smile.gif\" alt=\":)\" class=\"wp-smiley\" style=\"height: 1em; max-height: 1em;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">RNNLM \u7684\u6839\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u548c NPLM \u662f\u5171\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\u8bcd\u662f\u9010\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u300c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5c06\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u53bb\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5355\u5143\u62ff\u6389\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4e60 Bigram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u524d\u9988\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"\"><img class=\"\"    style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534234570.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5728 NLP \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u91cc\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u8981\u505a\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u3001\u6458\u8981\u3001\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c06\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u6587\u672c\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u300cRepresentation\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8bf4 representation \u662f NLP \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u5427\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u8fbe\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u7b5b\u9009\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u751a\u81f3\u73b0\u5728\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>\u8bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a: one-hot \u4e0e embedding<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5176\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u591a\u63a2\u8ba8(\u6682\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u6c49\u8bed)\u3002\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 1 \u4e07\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c31\u8bb0\u4e3a\u300c1\u300d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bb0\u4e3a\u300c2\u300d\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0a\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0d\u540c id \u7684\u8bcd\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u6b21\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e id \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u5047\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 NNLM \uff0c\u67d0\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u7684 N-gram \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86 id \u4e3a 10000 \u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6240\u8c13\u300cone-hot representation\u300d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\u5168\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u8bcd\u503c\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u53ea\u5305\u542b 5 \u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9 5 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u7f16\u53f7\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e3a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd: [1 0 0 0 0] \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0 1 0 0 0] \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0 0 1 0 0] \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0 0 0 1 0] \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0 0 0 0 1]<\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f one-hot \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u300c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>one-hot \u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u7a00\u758f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 10000 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u8981\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u957f\u5ea6 10000 \u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u6709\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">2003 \u5e74 Bengio \u63d0\u51fa NPLM \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u8fc7 Tomas Mikolov \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">4<\/sup>\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u300cWord Embedding\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e94\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7528 word embedding \u8868\u793a\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0.2 0.3 0.5] \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0.7 0.1 0.2] \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0.1 0.2 0.3] \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0.2 0.3 0.4] \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8bcd: [0.3 0.4 0.6]<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u76f8\u4f3c\u503c\u9ad8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e24\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0cone-hot \u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0cword embedding \u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">word embedding \u53cd\u6620\u7684\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u5c42\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c(\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u300c\u76f8\u4f3c\u300d\u4e86)\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u4e24\u4e2a word embedding \u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u540c\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bed\u4e49\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u7684 word embedding \u4e5f\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0cword embedding \u8fd8\u80fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u5728\u89c4\u5f8b(linguistic regularity)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4 &#39;king &#8211; man + woman = queen&#39; \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u91cc\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u6ca1\u8bb0\u9519\u7684\u8bdd\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u4e1c\u897f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4ece word embedding \u672c\u8eab\u6765\u770b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0cword embedding \u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u300d\u5176\u5b9e\u8981\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u624d\u6709\u786e\u5207\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 multi-lingual \u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u751a\u81f3 multi-modal \u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca linguistic regularity \uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u8fd8\u662f\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u5c0f S \u7684\u8bdd\uff0cword embedding \u66f4\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u300c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u540e\u7eed\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5f53\u7136\u9664\u4e86 one-hot \u548c word embedding \u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8bcd\u6027\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u8bcd\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5173\u4e8e word embedding \u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0:&nbsp;\u201c\u540e Word Embedding\u201d \u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u4f1a\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>\u53e5\u5b50\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u793a: VSM \u548c embedding<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u53e5\u5b50\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u8bcd\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u4ee5\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bcd\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u5462\uff1f\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8bcd\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u554a\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u554a\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u554a\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u591f\u6211\u4eec\u559d\u4e00\u58f6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u6587\u672c\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u91cf\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b(Vector Space Model,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">VSM<\/strong>)\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\u3002VSM \u7ecf\u5e38\u548c\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b(Bag Of Words,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">BOW<\/strong>)\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u800c BOW \u5047\u8bbe\u8bcd\u548c\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bcd\u548c\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u662f VSM \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">BOW \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u5f88\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5047\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u888b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u4e22\u8fdb\u888b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c VSM \u8981\u6c42\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8981\u4e0e\u8bcd\u888b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u6bb5\u6587\u672c:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(1) John likes to watch movies. Mary likes movies too. (2) John also likes to watch football games.<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8bcd\u888b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f (John, likes, to, watch, movies, also, football, games, Mary, too) \u5171 10 \u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e3a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(1) [1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1] (2) [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0]<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8bcd\u9891\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u4f59\u5f26\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\u662f\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u9891\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u4f1a\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u91cc\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u9891\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u7528 TF-IDF(\u8bcd\u9891-\u9006\u6587\u6863\u9891\u7387)\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bcd\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">VSM \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5f88\u7a00\u758f(\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86 100,000 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u6587\u672c\u96c6\u5408)\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u6863\u9891\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8bcd\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bcd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u6027\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">VSM \u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 VSM \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8868\u793a\u4f1a\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837<\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(1) Mary loves John (2) John loves Mary<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 N-gram \u800c\u975e word \u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528 Bigram\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8bcd\u888b\u4f1a\u662f: (Mary loves, loves John, John loves, loves Mary)\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"example\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(1) [1, 1, 0, 0] (2) [0, 0, 1, 1]<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u522b\u7684 embedding \u8868\u793a\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709 RNN \u548c CNN \u4e24\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">RNN \u7684\u8bdd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c06\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u9010\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u53d6\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a RNN \u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u300c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u300d\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u300c\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">CNN \u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u5c06\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u62fc\u63a5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u5377\u79ef\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">CNN \u548c RNN \u5f97\u5230\u7684 sentence embedding\uff0c\u540c word embedding \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230 sentence embedding\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230 paragraph embedding \u4e43\u81f3 document embedding \u5462\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0cTomas Mikolov \u5728 2014 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300cParagraph Vector\u300d<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">5<\/sup>\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u3002\u5728 Mikolov \u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cparagraph vector \u5728\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u548c word embedding \u4e00\u6837\uff0csentence embedding \u548c paragraph embedding \u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"\"><img class=\"\"    style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534234570-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1: \u4ece SMT \u5230 end-to-end<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6c9f\u901a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u65e9\u5728 17 \u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u66f4\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4ea4\u754c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u76f4\u5230 1903 \u5e74\uff0c\u300c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u624d\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">1953 \u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cWeaver \u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300aTranslation\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">6<\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u601d\u60f3:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u4e0e\u8bd1\u6587\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6e90\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u6784\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5176\u5b9e\u548c\u540e\u9762\u8981\u8bb2\u5230\u7684 Encoder-Decoder \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u4ece\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5927\u6982 1999 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728 IBM \u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 5 \u79cd\u300c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bcd\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b\u300d\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u540e\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1(Statistical Machine Translation,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">SMT<\/strong>)\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4f9d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0cGoogle\u3001Bing\u3001\u767e\u5ea6\u7b49\u51e0\u5bb6\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1(Statistical Machine Translation,&nbsp;<strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">SMT<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u300c\u566a\u58f0\u4fe1\u9053\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e90\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 ff \u662f\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00 ee \u7ecf\u8fc7\u542b\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u4fe1\u9053\u7f16\u7801\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u89e3\u51fa e^e^<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>e^=argmaxep(e|f)<\/p>\n<p>e^=argmaxep(f|e)p(e)<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>e^=argmaxep(f|e)p(e)<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><span class=\"MathJax_Preview\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u5176\u4e2d&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"MathJax_Preview\" style=\"line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;\"><\/span><span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px;\"><nobr aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; border: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; vertical-align: 0px;\"  \/><span class=\"math\" role=\"math\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 2.554em;\"><span style=\"width: 2.618em; height: 0px; font-size: 15.68px; vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(1.215em 1002.55em 2.618em -999.997em); top: -2.165em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mrow\" style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; \"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">p<\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">f<span style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.067em; \"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"texatom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">|<\/span><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">e<\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/nobr><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"MathJax_Preview\" style=\"line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;\"><\/span><span class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"  role=\"presentation\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px;\"><nobr aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; border: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; vertical-align: 0px;\"  \/><span class=\"math\" role=\"math\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline-block; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.789em;\"><span style=\"width: 1.789em; height: 0px; font-size: 15.68px; vertical-align: 0px; clip: rect(1.215em 1001.73em 2.618em -999.997em); top: -2.165em; left: 0.003em;\"><span class=\"mrow\" style=\"   vertical-align: 0px; \"><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">p<\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;\">e<\/span><span class=\"mo\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: none; transition: none; display: inline; border: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; font-family: MathJax_Main;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/nobr><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u5219\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u6e90\u8bed\u8a00\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5f97\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 \u2014\u2014 \u540e\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u8bcd\u5bf9\u9f50(word alignment)\u300d\u3002<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6240\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u8bcd\u5230\u8bcd\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6700\u597d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>\u7aef\u5230\u7aef(end-to-end)\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">2014 \u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cKyunghyun Cho<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">7<\/sup>&nbsp;\u548c Sutskever<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">8<\/sup>&nbsp;\u5148\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd End-to-End \u5373\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u300d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u5230\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u547d\u540d\u4e3a Encoder-Decoder \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a Sequence-to-Sequence \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e24\u8005\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u662f:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a RNN \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u53e5\u5b50\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8ba1\u7b97 sentence embedding \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a RNN \uff0c\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2d\u89e3\u7801\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a encoding\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a decoding\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f18\u96c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bcd\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f97\u5230\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Encoder-Decoder \u6a21\u578b\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e8f\u5217\u5230\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u662f\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5148 encoding \u518d decoding \u7684 encoder-decoder \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u975e RNN \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u53bb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u867d\u7136 encoder-decoder \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u4f18\u7f8e\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50 encode \u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4e48\uff1f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u635f\u8017\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u8017\u968f\u7740\u53e5\u5b50\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u770b\u5b8c\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u751f\u6210\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cDzmitry Bahdanau \u5728 encoder-decoder \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0 attention \u673a\u5236\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">9<\/sup>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53cc\u5411 RNN \u6765\u5728 decoder \u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d decoder \u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a time step \u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u8f93\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>p(yi|y1,&#8230;,yi\u22121,x)=g(yi\u22121,si,ci)<\/p>\n<p>p(yi|y1,&#8230;,yi\u22121,x)=g(yi\u22121,si,ci)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d sisi \u662f decoder \u7684\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>si=f(si\u22121,yi\u22121,ci)<\/p>\n<p>si=f(si\u22121,yi\u22121,ci)<\/p>\n<p>\u800c cici \u5219\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4ece encoder \u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u8be5\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p>ci=\u2211j=1Tx\u03b1ijhj<\/p>\n<p>ci=\u2211j=1Tx\u03b1ijhj<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 \u03b1ij\u03b1ij \u6784\u6210\u7684\u6743\u503c\u77e9\u9635\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u9ad8\u4eae\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u5b9e\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f\u6e90\u8bed\u8a00\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5bf9\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728 encoder-decoder \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8bcd\u5230\u8bcd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bcd\u5bf9\u9f50\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c attention \u673a\u5236\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff0cattention \u673a\u5236\u548c encoder-decoder \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a attention \u673a\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 RNN\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\uff0cattention \u673a\u5236\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u8bc6\u522b\u65f6\u7528\u6765\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">2016 \u5e74\uff0c Kyunghyun Cho \u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86 encoder-decoder \u548c attention \u7684\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b<sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">10<\/sup>\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u6536\u591a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"\"><img class=\"\"    style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534234570-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210(Natural Language Generation, NLG)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>\u4ece\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5230 encoder-decoder<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8bf4\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5927\u5218\u7684\u300a\u8bd7\u4e91\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u6b3e\u540d\u4e3a\u300c\u7535\u5b50\u8bd7\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u4f5c\u8bd7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u8bd7\u4eba\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u300c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bd7\u300d:<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem 5rem 0.5rem 1.25rem; margin-top: 0.8rem; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; color: rgb(69, 183, 255); border-left-width: 0.25rem; border-left-color: rgb(229, 229, 229);\">\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b2c75509\u53f7\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u8346\u68d8\u4e1b\u751f\u7684\u6ce2\u6d6a<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u524c\u773c\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u5728\u5348\u7761\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u731b\u51fb\u7740\u64cd\u573a<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u6a44\u6984\u7eff\u7684\u64cd\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d27\u8f66\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8774\u8776<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u60f3\u5438\u6bd2\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8f6f\u5f31\u5730\u53d8\u9ec4<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u5149\u707f\u707f\u7684\u51ac\u96ea\u548c\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\u5f62\u7684\u971e\u5149<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u9752\u8272\u7684\u4e73\u623f\u5728\u6f02\u8361\uff0c\u80a5\u7682\u5728\u8046\u542c\u7740\u6d77\u8c61<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u5f31\u5c0f\u7684\u6625\u96e8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d1d\u591a\u82ac\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6bcd\u4eb2<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u60f3\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u547c\u5438\u7740\u6b4c\u5531<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u5bbd\u5927\u7684\u5c0f\u8239\u548c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u675f<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u67af\u6b7b\u7684\u6e14\u8239\u5728\u53eb\uff0c\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u5728\u94f2\u8d77\u7f8a<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u591a\u5b54\u7684\u9752\u82d4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u590f\u5a03\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8001\u5e08<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u60f3\u51ac\u7720\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u53ef\u6076\u5730\u53d1\u5149<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u591a\u8840\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\u548c\u60a0\u8fdc\u7684\u5927\u706b<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6211\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u751f\u673a\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u6218\u8230\u5728\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u900f\u660e\u88d9\u5728\u7231\u629a\u7740\u64cd\u573a<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u66f2\u7ebf\u5f62\u7684\u594b\u6597\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6708\u5149\u821e\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u98ce\u6c99 \u6211\u60f3\u6446\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u7c97\u7cd9\u5730\u60ca\u614c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a31\u4e50\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u3001\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001Image Caption \u548c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8bf4\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u677f\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d7\u9650\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u5c31\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u591a\u5230\u7206\u70b8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u6b7b\u677f\u50f5\u786c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6587\u672c\u662f\u7531\u673a\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u672c\u300d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\u300d\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0.5rem 5rem 0.5rem 1.25rem; margin-top: 0.8rem; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; color: rgb(69, 183, 255); border-left-width: 0.25rem; border-left-color: rgb(229, 229, 229);\">\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Once aware of the communicative goals, machines can understand the meaning of the content (what is important, what is what), and automatically generate natural, meaningful and plausible language. \u2014\u2014 By \u5c0f S<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8f93\u5165(\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u56fe\u50cf)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8981\u751f\u6210\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u5730\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6765\uff0c\u7528 N-gram \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u627e\u5230\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a N-gram \uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5148\u751f\u6210\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f80\u91cc\u9762\u586b\u5145\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5176\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8981\u653e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u91cc\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u624d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684 encoder-decoder \u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u5230 end-to-end \u7684\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Image Caption\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4 encoder-decoder \u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u771f\u7684\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\u7684\u5440\uff01<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"\"><strong>\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u63a8\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u627e\u5230\u300c\u5408\u9002\u7684\u300d\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u597d\u51e0\u5bb6\u505a\u95ee\u7b54\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528 encoder-decoder \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6ca1\u505a\u8fc7\u95ee\u7b54\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u778e\u7f16\u7684 <img src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/themes\/grace8.5.1\/includes\/wp-alu\/static\/img\/icon_smile.gif\" alt=\":)\" class=\"wp-smiley\" style=\"height: 1em; max-height: 1em;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u524d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u4e0d\u8c08\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528 encoder-decoder \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e RNN \u6765\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u7684\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u8bed\u4e49\u6f02\u79fb(semantic drift)\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u7b54\u975e\u6240\u95ee<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6709\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027(\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u5728\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\u4e86\u2026\u2026)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u53e5\u5f0f\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5982\u300c\u4e07\u80fd\u56de\u590d\u300d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a encoder-decoder \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u68c0\u7d22\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u76f8\u6bd4\u57fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u8bed\u4e49\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5176\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8ff7\u8def\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u65b9\u5411\u611f\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\u3002Google \u7684 Allo \u5c31\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4f7f\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u54cd\u5e94\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u6df7\u5408\u54cd\u5e94\u7b56\u7565\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8f85\u52a9\u54af\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u5e76\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u81f3\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u300c\u591a\u8f6e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u95ee\u9898\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u95ee\u4e00\u7b54\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8003\u8651\u524d\u51e0\u8f6e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u300d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c0f S \u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u6982\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u51e0\u79cd:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"org-ol list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u524d\u51e0\u8f6e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408\u7528\u6237\u753b\u50cf(user profile)\u6765\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53d6 top-5 \u7684\u7b54\u6848\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7b5b\u9009<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0cencoder-decoder \u6a21\u578b\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"\"><img class=\"\"    style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma6-1534234570-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><strong style=\"font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u540e\u8bb0:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u96c6\u667a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c75 \u9875\u7684 slides\uff0c\u8986\u76d6 NLP \u51e0\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5c0f S \u672c\u8eab\u5728 NLP \u8fd9\u5757\u7684\u9020\u8be3\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9 NLP \u5174\u8da3\u6d53\u539a\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u5b8c\u6d3b\u52a8\u540e\u5c31\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7b14\u8bb0\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\uff0c\u5386\u65f6\u4e94\u5929\uff0c\u67e5\u9605\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u628a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u660e\u767d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u603b\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7 1 \u4e07\u591a\u5b57\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u540e\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff01<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"white-space: normal;\"><img class=\"\"    style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma3-1534234571.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/>\u73b0\u573a\u7cbe\u5f69\u7167\u7247\u6b23\u8d4f<strong style=\"font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534234571.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534234571.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma5-1534234571.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma10-1534234572.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"\"><img class=\"\"    style=\"line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234572.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><strong><span style=\"font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.025rem; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u811a\u6ce8:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Bengio, Yoshua, et al. &quot;A neural probabilistic language model.&quot; journal of machine learning research 3.Feb (2003): 1137-1155.<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Xu, Wei, and Alexander I. Rudnicky. &quot;Can artificial neural networks learn language models?.&quot; (2000).<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Mikolov, Tomas, et al. &quot;Recurrent neural network based language model.&quot; Interspeech. Vol. 2. 2010.<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Mikolov, Tomas, et al. &quot;Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality.&quot; Advances in neural information processing systems. 2013.<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">5<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Le, Quoc V., and Tomas Mikolov. &quot;Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents.&quot; ICML. Vol. 14. 2014.<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">6<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Weaver, Warren. &quot;Translation.&quot; Machine translation of languages 14 (1955): 15-23.<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">7<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Sutskever, Ilya, Oriol Vinyals, and Quoc V. Le. &quot;Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks.&quot; Advances in neural information processing systems. 2014.<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">8<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Cho, Kyunghyun, et al. &quot;Learning phrase representations using RNN encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation.&quot; arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.1078 (2014).<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">9<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Bahdanau, Dzmitry, Kyunghyun Cho, and Yoshua Bengio. &quot;Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate.&quot; arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014).<\/p>\n<p><sup style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">10<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footpara\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">Firat, Orhan, Kyunghyun Cho, and Yoshua Bengio. &quot;Multi-way, multilingual neural machine translation with a shared attention mechanism.&quot; arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.01073 (2016).<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"\"><\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 213, 255);\"><strong>\u674e\u5ae3\u7136\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u89c6\u9891\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><br  \/><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 213, 255);\"><strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"bp-video\">\n<div class=\"player\">\n                    <iframe class=\"bp-iframe\" width=\"100%\" src=\"https:\/\/v.qq.com\/iframe\/preview.html?vid=s0311ndiz39&amp;&amp;&amp;auto=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe>\n                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 213, 255);\"><\/span>\u672c\u6587\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u738b\u5c0f\u8c03<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 213, 255);\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr  \/>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/span><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u8d70\u8fd12050\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u300b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a0b\u5e8fAlphaGo\u4ee54:1\u7684\u5927\u6bd4\u5206\u6218\u80dc\u4eba\u7c7b\u56f4\u68cb\u4e16\u754c\u51a0\u519b\u674e\u4e16\u77f3\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5c06\u5f81\u670d\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u6b63\u5728\u751a\u56a3\u5c18\u4e0a\u3002\u300a\u8d70\u8fd12050\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u300b\u5219\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u4eba\u673a\u548c\u8c10\u5171\u751f\u3001\u534f\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u770b\u5f97\u89c1\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5404\u5f0f\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534234572.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 213, 255);\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;\">\u672c\u4e66<\/span>\u4ece\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u4f17\u5305\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<span style=\"max-width: 100%;\">\uff1a\u5360\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u56fe\u7075\u673a-\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u201c\u6e38\u620f\uff0b\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u610f\u672c\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u521b\u4e1a\u3001\u5360\u610f\u901a\u8d27\u3001\u8bb8\u613f\u6811\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c06\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u900f\u89c6\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8d70\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); text-align: justify; line-height: 23.2727px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 19px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img    width=\"548.094px\"  style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; font-size: 16px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 548.094px !important; visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234572.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); text-align: justify; line-height: 23.2727px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 19px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img    width=\"22px\"  style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 22px !important; visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534234572.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 23.2727px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 24px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"228px\" height=\"347\"      style=\"box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 228px !important; visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534234572.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"Powered-by-XIUMI V5\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"padding: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"padding: 0.1em 0.3em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5c06\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3\u65b0\u53f7<strong>\u96c6\u667aClub<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u5c06\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5404\u4f4d\u524d\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\uff01<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; width: 180px; border: 2px dashed rgb(132, 132, 132); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534234572.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); font-size: 19px; line-height: 23.2727px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u957f\u6309\u8bc6\u522b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u96c6\u667aClub\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); font-size: 19px; line-height: 23.2727px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u79bb\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section class=\"Powered-by-XIUMI V5\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 66.7188px; box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"Powered-by-XIUMI V5\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;\"><img  class=\"\"    style=\"box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma3-1534234572.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\" style=\"padding: 5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 489.266px; box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"Powered-by-XIUMI V5\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/>\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<blockquote class='keep-source'>\n<p>\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a                         \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8                      <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u5f55 \u7b80\u4ecb \u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4efb\u52a1 \u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u65b9\u6cd5 \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u4ecb N-gram \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b \u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5 \u8bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a: one-hot \u4e0e embedding \u53e5\u5b50\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u793a: VSM \u548c embedding \u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1: \u4ece SMT \u5230 end-to-end&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19,23],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10121"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10147,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10121\/revisions\/10147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10121"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=10121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}