{"id":11031,"date":"2018-09-13T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-12T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%e8%84%91%e5%8a%9b%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9adeepmind%e8%81%94%e5%90%88%e5%93%88%e4%bd%9b%e3%80%81%e5%89%91%e6%a1%a5%e5%9c%a8nature%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba%e4%b8%8a%e5%8f%91\/"},"modified":"2018-12-05T13:49:55","modified_gmt":"2018-12-05T05:49:55","slug":"%e8%84%91%e5%8a%9b%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9adeepmind%e8%81%94%e5%90%88%e5%93%88%e4%bd%9b%e3%80%81%e5%89%91%e6%a1%a5%e5%9c%a8nature%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba%e4%b8%8a%e5%8f%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=11031","title":{"rendered":"\u8111\u529b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff1aDeepMind\u8054\u5408\u54c8\u4f5b\u3001\u5251\u6865\u5728nature\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dispersion Of Thought Between Heart And Mind<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u5207\u5165\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7a00\u7f3a\u6027\u3001\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u601d\u8def\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u7684\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

Mental labour<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-018-0401-9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u6458\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u70ed\u7231\u8de8\u754c\u548c\u6316\u5751\u7684\u6df1\u601d(Deepmind)\u56e2\u961f\u8054\u5408\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u57ce\u5e02\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\u5b50\u520a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u7ec6\u5316\uff0c\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u4f53\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u673a\u68b0\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684<\/span>\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u628a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002 \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u53cd\u601d\u4f53\u9a8c(daily reflection experience)\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u5f53\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8111\u529b\u7684\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u6295\u5165\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u8868\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5206\u914d\u539f\u5219\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4eba\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6295\u5165\u8111\u529b\uff1f\u53c8\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5462\uff1f \u5f53\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u8282\u5b83\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5462\uff1f <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u6295\u5165\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u5176\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6295\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7279\u70b9\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e00\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u5176\u6700\u65b0\u6587\u732e\u5e76\u5ba1\u8bae\u5176\u672a\u6765\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f”\u8111\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u5f3a\u5316”\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8”\u8c03\u8282\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u8868\u73b0”[2]\u3002 \u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u8111\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8111\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u5165\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89c2\u6548\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u6d88\u6781\u6548\u7528\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u79cd\u6295\u5165\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u3002 \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d41\u6d3e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5219(law of less work)\u201d\uff0c\u5373”\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u5b66\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u8f83\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5316\u72b6\u6001”[3]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u6848\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u501f\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u6cd5\u5219\u7528\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9610\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5219\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u5feb\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u51f8\u663e\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u6ce2\u7279\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\uff1a”\u6211\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5916\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5feb\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cMc Guire \u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u7cbe\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u7684”\u61d2\u60f0\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53”\u3002 \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0cBaroody \u548c Ginsburg \u901a\u8fc7\u547c\u5401”\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9a71\u52a8”\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7b97\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cf0\u52d2\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a”\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\u7684\u541d\u556c\u9b3c”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ee7\u627f\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6298\u8877\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u662f\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[9]\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5730\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4ece\u4efb\u52a1\u8868\u73b0\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u7528\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u548c\u6c83\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6355\u6349\u8ba4\u77e5\u6295\u5165\u7684\u65e0\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5361\u6885\u52d2\u548c\u970d\u52a0\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5f3a\u8c03\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u9700\u6c42\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u540e\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6fc0\u52b1\u610f\u8bc6\uff08 motivating intuition\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u767d\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a”\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u601d\u8003\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u559c\u7231\u3002”<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5728\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

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\u5728\u505a\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\u6839\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u989c\u8272\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u5b57(\u56fe1)\u3002 \u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u523a\u6fc0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u9891\u7e41\u5207\u6362(\u9ad8\u9700\u6c42) \uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u5f97\u51fa\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5207\u6362(\u4f4e\u9700\u6c42)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe1 | \u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u672c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\n
\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u6001<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe2.1 | \u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u6548\u7528\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u6295\u5165\u548c\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u62b9\u53bb\u9884\u671f\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002 \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u56fa\u5b9a\u5355\u4f4d\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6295\u5165\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6295\u5165\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u81ea\u613f\u8c03\u52a8\u7684\u6295\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5956\u52b1\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u95ee\u9898[33,39]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u67e5\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u603b\u7ed3\u6295\u5165\u56de\u62a5\u6743\u8861\u7684\u51c0\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684 LST \u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u6d89\u53ca\u5de5\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u4f11\u95f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u5c0f\u65f6\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Lst \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5c06\u8d27\u5e01\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u4f11\u95f2\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u6216\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c\u7684\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002 \u6536\u5165\u548c\u4f11\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5408\u90fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6536\u5165\u4f11\u95f2\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6240\u8de8\u8d8a\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u3002 Lst \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u5b9e\u7528\u65b0\u578b\u8868\u9762\u662f\u51f9\u9677\u7684\uff0c\u5411\u8d77\u70b9\u5f2f\u66f2\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u817e\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe2 | \u52b3\u52a8\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51f9\u5ea6\u5bf9\u9009\u62e9\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6536\u5165\u548c\u4f11\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861(\u56fe2)\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e[23]\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0eLST\u51c6\u5219\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 LST \u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51f9\u5f62\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6536\u5165\u8865\u507f\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u589e\u957f\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u6536\u5165\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u8d44\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u51cf\u5c11(\u56fe2b)\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u5f97\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u5de5\u8d44\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5728\u5de5\u8d44\u53d8\u5316\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u6837\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73(\u56fe2b)\u3002 \u6765\u81ea LST \u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u5c06\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u7814\u7a76[41-43]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u6295\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56[23]\u3002 \u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u572830\u5206\u949f\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u82b1\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u8ba4\u77e5\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4efd”\u5de5\u8d44”(\u4ee5\u7cd6\u679c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d) \uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u9879\u65e0\u507f\u7684\u4f4e\u9700\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u6536\u5165\u8865\u507f\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 LST (\u56fe2c)\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684 LST \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8861\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u7ec4\u5408\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u57fa\u7ebf\uff1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5956\u52b1\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6295\u5165\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6536\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u56de\u62a5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de5\u5177\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u900f\u652f\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u556e\u9f7f\u52a8\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u732e[44-46]\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8001\u9f20\u5982\u4f55\u6743\u8861\u8ba4\u77e5\u6295\u5165\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u5728\u6295\u5165\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u3002 \u8fd9\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u9003\u907f\u548c\u6fc0\u52b1\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81[17\uff0c47\uff0c48]\u6709\u5173(\u56fe3)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84[17]\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u51b5[20,49](\u56fe1\u548c3)\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe3 | \u57fa\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u4e2a\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u9664\u4e86\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u56de\u62a5\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u300aLearned Industriousness\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d[50]\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u591a\u52b3\u591a\u5f97\u201d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4e60\u5f97\u6295\u5165\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5bf9\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e50\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f53\u9a8c\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\uff1f\u6216\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6846\u67b6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n
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\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u6295\u5165\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c[7\u30018\u300154]\u3002 \u65b0\u8fd1\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6218\u7565\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002 \u4e0e\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u7279\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\u6218\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u8fdd\u80cc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50[57]\u3002 \u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u60c5\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22[58-61]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u5e94’\u65e0\u6a21\u578b’\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u89c6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6a21\u578b[62-64]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002 \u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6210\u672c-\u6536\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8003\u8651\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5e26\u6765\u591a\u5c11\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe4 | \u8fc7\u6e21\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u51b3\u7b56\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u6765\u9610\u660e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6295\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u7535\u8def\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0”\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u9884\u671f\u4ef7\u503c”\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u91cf\u8ba1\u5165\u4e86\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c[31,32]\u3002 \u65b0\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u5df2\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u5173\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002[21\uff0c26,31,33,34,70-72]<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7cbe\u795e\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

\u968f\u7740\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u5165\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1f <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u6096\u5e38\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u5927\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8c1c\u9898\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u5f00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u518d\u6b21\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u6295\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5438\u5f15\u7a00\u7f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684”\u6d88\u8017”\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u9635\u52b3\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\u4f53\u529b\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u5a01\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u88ab\u7528\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8840\u7cd6\u6d88\u8017[73]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5047\u8bf4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u5b9e[74]\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u635f\u8017\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u95ee\u9898[75,76]\u3002 \u5b9e\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u6548\u5e94\u4f3c\u4e4e\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728[77,78]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528[79]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u6765\u89e3\u91ca[80]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u811a\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22[9]\u3002 \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7279\u5f81[54,55]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u786e\u5b9e\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5[55]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6295\u5165\u6210\u672c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002 \u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u5229\u7528-\u63a2\u7d22\u201d\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u5229\u7528\u65e2\u5b9a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u73af\u5883\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u6743\u8861\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa[80]\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u9003\u907f\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\u5229\u7528\u578b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u63a2\u7d22\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002(\u53c2\u89c1 [30])<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002 \u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u74f6\u9888[55,85,86]\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b50\u76ee\u6807\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u5176\u5206\u914d\u7279\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u5730\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86’\u6700\u5c0f\u63a7\u5236'[87,88]\u6216\u8005’\u6700\u5c0f\u6295\u5165’\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236[54,89]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u540e\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90(\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u5982\u4f55) \uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56fa\u6709\u6210\u672c\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a[90]\uff0c\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u914d\u51b3\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u5206\u914d(\u53c2\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3002 81).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe5 | \u62df\u8bae\u7684\uff08proposed\uff09\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u3002 \u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b66\u4e60\u65e2\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u201c\u523a\u6fc0-\u54cd\u5e94\u201d\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u56fe5-b\uff09\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7b56\u7565[91]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u662f\u901a\u8fc7”\u63d0\u70bc”\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u6027\u5438\u6536\u5230\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5219\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u672c\u6761\u6b3e\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fdd\u7ea6\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u56e0\u8fdd\u53cd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5b83\u5c06\u9f13\u52b1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u67b6\u6784\u6bd4\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7279\u6027\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eff\u771f\u7ed3\u679c[91]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u9644\u52a0\u6210\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9f13\u52b1\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u4f73\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u4f9d\u8d56\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong>(\u53c2\u89c1[92])\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5176\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002 \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u7684\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u8fd1\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u5b83\u9886\u57df\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u76ca\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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84. Wilson, R. C., Geana, A., White, J. M., Ludvig, E. A. & Cohen, J. D. Humans use directed and random exploration to solve the explore\u2013exploit dilemma. J. Exp. Psychol. 143, 2074\u20132081 (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

85. Feng, S. F., Schwemmer, M., Gershman, S. J. & Cohen, J. D. Multitasking versus multiplexing: Toward a normative account of limitations in the simultaneous execution of control-demanding behaviors. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 14, 129\u2013146 (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

86. Musslick, S. et al. Controlled vs. automatic processing: a graph-theoretic approach to the analysis of serial vs. parallel processing in neural network architectures. In Proc. 38th Annu. Conf. Cognitive Science Society 1547\u20131552 (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

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95. Bia\u0142aszek, W., Marcowski, P. & Ostaszewski, P. Physical and cognitive effort discounting across different reward magnitudes: tests of discounting models. PLoS ONE 12, e0182353 (2017).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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