{"id":1113,"date":"2018-07-04T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-06T15:04:22","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T07:04:22","slug":"%e7%a7%8d%e7%be%a4%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%ef%bc%9f-%e5%9b%be%e8%ae%ba%e5%af%b9%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=1113","title":{"rendered":"\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff1f | \u56fe\u8bba\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u542f\u53d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Timothy Reynolds\u4f9b\u56fe<\/span><\/span>
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\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6765\u6e90\uff1awww.quantamagazine.org<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u9898\uff1aMathematics Shows How to Ensure Evolution<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u5bfc\u8bed<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe\u8bba\u7684\u65b0\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u963b\u6b62\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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1.\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u74f6\u9888<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fc1\u79fb\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span>
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\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fdb\u5316\u6bd4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728Communications Biology<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u65d7\u4e0b\u65b0\u671f\u520a\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0*\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u7ec4\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4ecd\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7167\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u52a0\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u63a8\u52a8\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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*\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-018-0078-7<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f88\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5076\u7136\u7684\u610f\u5916\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e78\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u6e05\u9664\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u503e\u5411\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7a81\u53d8\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u751f\u7269\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6c38\u4e45\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b9a\u671f\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u4e3b\u8981\u79cd\u7fa4\u6269\u6563\u56de\u53bb\u3002(\u8bdd\u8bf4\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837-\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u3002)\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span>Martin Nowak<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u764c\u75c7\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u4efbMartin Nowak\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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Martin Nowak\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u30022003\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u764c\u75c7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u6f5c\u5728\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201c\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u764c\u75c7\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6076\u6027\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u53d8\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u80fd\u5728\u4f53\u5185\u8086\u8650\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u80dc\u51fa\u3002\u201d\u201c\u6211\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6446\u8131\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff1f\u201d Nowak\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u7a81\u53d8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.\u56fe\u8bba\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6709\u4e86\u56fe\u8868\uff0cNowak\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u6570\u5b66\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u4f55\u79cd\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u57282005\u5e74\uff0cNowak\u548c\u4e24\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u6291\u5236\u6216\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5177\u6709\u201c\u7a81\u51fa\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u201d\uff08 \u201cburst\u201d and \u201cpath\u201d\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u5360\u636e\u5176\u7956\u5148\u6240\u5360\u6709\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7ed9\u6709\u76ca\u7a81\u53d8\u6269\u6563\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u661f\u201d\u72b6\uff08Star\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u661f\u201d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u4e3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3002\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u662f\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u661f\u201d\uff08Superstar\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u53ea\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u4ee3\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nowak\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6709\u591a\u5c0f\u3002\u201d<\/strong>\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u6982\u7387\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u6982\u7387\u6027\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e4e\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u9677\u9631\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u3002(\u5c31\u5728\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u661f\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cNowak\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7bc7\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u5927\u7ea6100\u9875\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u201d)\u3002\u9664\u975e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u51fa\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u8fdb\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u7269\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cNowak\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\uff08the Institute of Science and Technology Austria\uff09\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5458Krishnendu  Chatterjee\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u8bba\u548c\u6982\u7387\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u57f9\u517b\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Chatterjee\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751fAndreas Pavlogiannis\u73b0\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u6d1b\u6851\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662EPFL)\u548cJosef Tkadlec\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u662f\u6784\u6210\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u81ea\u73af\uff08hubs and self-loops\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u8fde\u63a5\u5b89\u6392\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3002Nowak\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u559c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u79cd\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Andreas Pavlogiannis\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u8001\u5e08<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Krishnendu Chatterjee\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\uff08the Institute of Science and Technology Austria\uff09\u6559\u6388\u517c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751fAndreas Pavlogiannis\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u548cJosef Tkadlec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u6269\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

3.\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u548c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u7a81\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u90fd\u5c06\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u5448\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6709\u5229\u7a81\u53d8\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u5f3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u653e\u5927\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/span>
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 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9644\u5e26\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u6027\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/strong>Nowak\u548cChatterjee\u8bf4\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6709\u6027\u7e41\u6b96\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u57fa\u56e0\u91cd\u7ec4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6b63\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u589e\u957f\u6216\u7f29\u5c0f\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u540e\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Nowak\u8bf4\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u4f20\u64ad\u5f88\u5feb\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e9b\u79cd\u7fa4\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u786e\u5b9a\u4f46\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u60e0\u7075\u987f\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\uff08Victoria University of Wellington\uff09\u526f\u6559\u6388Marcus Frean\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b2013\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u653e\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u6162\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u53d8\u6269\u6563\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Frean\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cNowak, Chatterjee\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u6216\u7b5b\u9009\u751f\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u682a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\uff08Microfluidic\uff09\u751f\u957f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8c03\u6574\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5f3a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3002<\/strong>Nowak\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u813e\u810f\u548c\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u4e2d\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8eab\u4f53\u52a0\u5feb\u6297\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u65f6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5f20\u6714<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ba1\u6821\uff1a\u9ad8\u98de<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u674e\u6c9b\u6b23<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/mathematics-shows-how-to-ensure-evolution-20180626\/<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73bb\u7483\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u4e00\u6247\u901a\u5f80\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7a97\u6237<\/a><\/strong>
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\u4ec5\u5360\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u603b\u91cf0.01%\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5708\u517b\u4e8696%\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269 | \u8ba1\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/strong>
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\u4f4e\u8c03\u4e0e\u4f1f\u5927\uff1a\u5199\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08Giant Neuron\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u9645 | \u6797\u601d\u6069<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f<\/a><\/strong>
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\u96c6\u667aQQ\u7fa4\uff5c292641157<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
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\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Timothy Reynolds\u4f9b\u56fe   \u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4 \u6765\u6e90\uff1awww.quantamagazine.org \u539f\u9898\uff1aMathematics Shows How to Ensure Evolution \u5bfc\u8bed \u56fe\u8bba\u7684\u65b0\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u963b\u6b62\u81ea\u7136\u9009…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1114,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[17],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1113"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1113"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1127,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1113\/revisions\/1127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1113"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=1113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}