{"id":12226,"date":"2018-10-20T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-19T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e4%b8%ba%e4%bd%95%e9%ab%98%e8%83%bd%e8%80%97\/"},"modified":"2018-12-04T15:04:44","modified_gmt":"2018-12-04T07:04:44","slug":"%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e4%b8%ba%e4%bd%95%e9%ab%98%e8%83%bd%e8%80%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=12226","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4f55\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<section style=\"font-size:16px;font-family:\u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"\" height=\"393px\" width=\"590px\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/swarma2-1540040409.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center\"><strong><span>\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u673a\u623f | Rafal Rodzoch Getty Images<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center\"><strong><span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span>\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span>\u6765\u6e90\uff1ascientificamerican<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span>\u539f\u9898\uff1a<\/span><span>Why Do Computers Use So Much Energy?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/span><span>\uff08thermodynamics of computing\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>\u5fae\u8f6f\u5728\u641e\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u5fae\u8f6f\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d77\u8fd0\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6d78\u6ca1\u5230\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5965\u514b\u5c3c\u7fa4\u5c9b\u9644\u8fd1\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u7528\u5230864\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5fae\u8f6f\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u5fae\u8f6f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e3a\u4f55\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u6d77\u5e95\u7684\u51b7\u5374\u6210\u672c\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u5c31\u5360\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u76845%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u51b7\u5374\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u51b7\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u5c0f\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u80fd\u8017\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4eba\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u5361\u8def\u91cc\u5360\u4eba\u4f53\u603b\u6d88\u8017\u768410%-20%\u3002\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u7956\u5148\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u5fc5\u987b\u591a\u83b7\u53d620%\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u9ad8\u5c45\u4e8e\u80a9\u8180\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5634\u5507\u53d1\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u9700\u8981\u591a\u83b7\u53d620%\u7684\u98df\u7269\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7956\u5148\u751f\u6b96\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff08\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u9a8c\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5462\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u201c\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4eba\u5de5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u60ed\u5f62\u6127\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06RNA\u8f6c\u8bd1\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5373\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img class=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/swarma6-1540040410.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u7387\u2014\u2014\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u6280\u5de7\u201d\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5927\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u6280\u5de7\u201d\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4f55\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017\uff1f<span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4f55\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017\uff1f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b26\u5408\u4ec0\u4e48\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u662f\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Santa Fe Institute\uff09\u7684 <\/span><strong><span>David Wolpert<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"> \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img class=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/swarma9-1540040410.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center\"><strong><span><span>David Wolpert<\/span>\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559\u6388<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center\"><strong><span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span>David Wolpert\u662fIEEE\u4f1a\u58eb\uff0c\u5199\u8fc7\u4e09\u672c\u4e66\u548c200\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u9879\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5bb6\u671f\u520a\u62c5\u4efb\u526f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u65e0\u6570\u5956\u9879\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc717,000\u6b21\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u4e13\u5bb6<span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u534a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u63a8\u7406<\/span><span>\uff08semi-formal reasoning\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a8\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u5206\u6790\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u719f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fRolf Landauer\u3001Charles Bennett\u7b49\u4eba\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e94\u7528\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span><span>\uff08equilibrium statistical physics\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b<span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span><span>\uff08nonequilibrium statistical physics\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff08\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u968f\u673a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/span><span>\uff08stochastic thermodynamics\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u201d\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u7834\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u6790\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u70ed\u91cf\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u8fdd\u80cc\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u71b5\u7684\uff08\u975e\u96f6\uff09\u6982\u7387\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u7684\u671f\u671b\u71b5<\/span><span>(expected entropy)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u534a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u63a8\u7406\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u8bae\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u9876\u7ea7\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u6709\u6570\u767e\u7bc7\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6bd4\u7279\u64e6\u9664<\/span><span>\uff08bit erasures\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fLandauer\u7b49\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u64e6\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6210\u672c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5999\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><img class=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/swarma10-1540040411.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u7279\u64e6\u9664\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u6bd4\u7279\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u7535\u8def\uff0cWolpert\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u201c\u76f4\u7ebf\u7535\u8def<\/span><span>\uff08straight-line circuits\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u201d\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6210\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u559c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0eLandauer\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7535\u8def\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6c42\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u6570\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u8861\u5c06\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u610fSFI\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0cWolpert\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u57fa\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span>SFI\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span>https:\/\/santafe.edu\/research\/sfi-press<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span>\u7ef4\u57fa\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span>https:\/\/centre.santafe.edu\/thermocomp\/Santa_Fe_Institute_Collaboration_Platform:Thermodynamics_of_Computation_Wiki<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span>\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u738b\u4f73\u7eaf<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span>\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u738b\u6021\u853a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span>https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/observations\/why-do-computers-use-so-much-energy\/<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>10\u4f4d\u73b0\u573a\u540d\u989d\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>\u51ef\u98ce\u95ed\u95e8\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a<span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span>\u6b63\u503c\u8457\u540d\u57ce\u5e02\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u524d\u4efb\u6240\u957f Geoffrey West \u6559\u6388\u6765\u534e\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51ef\u98ce\u516c\u76ca\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e0e\u51ef\u98ce\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u591a\u4f4d\u5b66\u754c\u5927\u5496\uff0c\u4e8e10\u670826\u65e5\u4e3e\u529e\u4e00\u573a\u9ad8\u7aef\u95ed\u95e8\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u57ce\u5e02\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684Scaling Law\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u73b0\u5f00\u653e10\u4f4d\u73b0\u573a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u62a5\u540d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u90ae\u4ef6\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u8054\u7cfb\u90ae\u7bb1<span>swarma@swarma.org<\/span>\u3002\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u7ae0\u4e86\u89e3\u8be6\u60c5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247492151&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=637c71aebeb421d02126c16310d92e40&amp;chksm=e897b8badfe031ac680e33c8fa6be3d32bffa22c885b7992dab270efbb44d0bc2d11cfd66df7&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\">\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u524d\u6240\u957f\u3001\u300a\u89c4\u6a21\u300b\u4f5c\u8005Geoffrey West\u9ad8\u7aef\u95ed\u95e8\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\uff0c10\u4e2a\u53c2\u4f1a\u540d\u989d\u5f00\u653e\u7533\u8bf7\uff01<\/a><\/span><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\">\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<p><span>\u96c6\u667aAI\u5b66\u56ed\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>https:\/\/campus.swarma.org<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em\">\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"__bg_gif\" width=\"100%\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;height: auto !important;width: 64px !important\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/swarma6-1540040412.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em\">\n<section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: center\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px\">\n<section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 15px\">\n<section>\n<p><strong><span>\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8QQ\u7fa4\uff5c877391004<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em\">\n<h1 style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em\"><strong><strong><span><span>\u25c6<\/span><span>\u25c6<\/span><span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n<p><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\" width=\"auto\" style=\"height: auto !important;width: auto !important\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/swarma4-1540040412.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote class='keep-source'>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08                         \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8                      \uff09\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?timestamp=1540040405&amp;src=3&amp;ver=1&amp;signature=5BLm4mMH4mVEUiGMSdIKW7i9-HmKVXadGsYEEPHJP2EfogpGEV1Q8gFMrgtBGMnErJ8fEoioVDQCuxseEADhVCPr*PYaD7qdNYh7xxrPSVdA8HX2DF2OySQ9HBQB4wk05QMLOOSd4PbRj4VmKwwq*JVYr5SBg6p6bwl8p06UCdo=\">\u96c6\u667a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u673a\u623f | Rafal Rodzoch Getty Images \u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4 \u6765\u6e90\uff1ascientificamerican \u539f\u9898\uff1aWhy Do Computers Use So Much Energy? \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12226"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12226\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12226"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=12226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}