{"id":133,"date":"2018-08-07T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-06T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/pnas%e9%87%8d%e7%a3%85%ef%bc%9a%e8%af%8d%e5%90%91%e9%87%8f%e5%b8%a6%e4%bd%a0%e6%b4%9e%e6%82%89%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b8%8e%e7%a7%8d%e6%97%8f%e6%ad%a7%e8%a7%86%e7%9a%84100%e5%b9%b4\/"},"modified":"2018-12-06T14:51:41","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T06:51:41","slug":"pnas%e9%87%8d%e7%a3%85%ef%bc%9a%e8%af%8d%e5%90%91%e9%87%8f%e5%b8%a6%e4%bd%a0%e6%b4%9e%e6%82%89%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b8%8e%e7%a7%8d%e6%97%8f%e6%ad%a7%e8%a7%86%e7%9a%84100%e5%b9%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=133","title":{"rendered":"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

But You Don’t Look Like A Muslim     <\/span><\/strong>by <\/span><\/strong>Jenn Liv<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n
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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

Word Embeddings Quantify 100 Years of Gender and Ethnic Stereotypes
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\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a
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Nikhil Garg\uff0cLonda Schiebinge\uff0cDan Jurafsky\uff0cJames Zou<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a
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http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/115\/16\/E3635\/tab-article-info<\/span>
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\u5bf9\u6027\u522b\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5448\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff081-5\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u732e\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u65e2\u53cd\u6620\u53c8\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u8c03\u67e5\uff086\uff0c7\uff09\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff088\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\uff089\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

How Decision Bias Works  <\/span><\/strong><\/span>by <\/span><\/strong>Ashley Siebels<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n


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\u56fe1a\u4e0e\u56fe1b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u504f\u5dee\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684log\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u4e3a\u6b63\u503cy\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7537\u5973\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u6982\u662f1:10^y\uff1b\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a1\uff1a10^-y\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u4e3a-4\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6728\u5320(Carpenter)\u8fd9\u4e00\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u7537\u5973\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u81f4\u4e3a10000\uff1a1\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u4e3a2\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\uff08Nurse\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u804c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u6982\u4e3a1\uff1a100\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7537\u5973\u804c\u4e1a\u504f\u5dee\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u662f\u8c37\u6b4c\u65b0\u95fb\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u770b\u51fa\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u504f\u5dee\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6210\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u504f\u5dee\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d4b\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u7ebf\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u76f4\u7ebf\uff09\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7537\u5973\u5c31\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a1\uff1a1\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u504f\u5dee\u80fd\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7537\u5973\u5c31\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5e45\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u57fa\u4e8eCOHA\u8bed\u6599\u5e931910~1990\u76849\u7ec4\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u6587\u7684\u9644\u5f55B2\u90e8\u5206\u67e5\u9605\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8003\u5bdf\u4e861910-1990\u5e74\u95f4\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u5987\u5973\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u56fe1b \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\uff08\u6307\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff09\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u84dd\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u6bd4\u4f8b\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u504f\u5dee\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u504f\u5dee\u662f\u8d1f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u804c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u9010\u6e10\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u504f\u89c1\u6b63\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u5987\u5973\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u804c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe1c\u4e0e\u56fe1d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1c<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u6355\u6349\u5230\u53ef\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u3002 \u56fe1c \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u6700\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u3001\u4e9a\u88d4\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u5341\u79cd\u804c\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201c\u6a21\u8303\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u201d\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0816\uff09\uff1b\u6559\u6388\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b49\u5b66\u672f\u804c\u4f4d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u4e9a\u88d4\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u504f\u5dee\u5f97\u5206\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e2d\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u539f\u6587\u9644\u5f55 C.1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1d<\/span><\/strong>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u540c\u6837\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u504f\u5dee\u5206\u6570\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1b\u56fe1d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff08\u84dd\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5206\u6bcd\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u804c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u5b50\u5219\u662f\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\u662f\u5728 COHA\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u503c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5360\u6709\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u62c9\u4e01\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5728\u539f\u6587\u9644\u5f55C.2\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u53ef\u91cf\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/h2>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u5462\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u7acb\u5373\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u7edd\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u53c8\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u4e2d\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7fa4\u50cf\u3002<\/strong>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u4e861960\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6570\u636e\u662f\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7ed9\u4e00\u7ec4230\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\uff0817\uff0c18\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u9996\u6b21\u57281977\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u57281990\u5e74\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2a<\/span><\/strong>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u63cf\u8ff0\u667a\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u5982\u667a\u6167\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651(\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u9644\u5f55 A.3)\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0<\/strong>(\u4ece\u5f3a\u70c8\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5230\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u5c11\u5730\u504f\u5411) \uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u63cf\u8ff0\u5916\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4e11\u964b\u7684\uff0c\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d8b\u52bf\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u56fe2a \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u6700\u9760\u524d\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2b<\/span><\/strong>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5047\u8bbe\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/strong> \u56fe2b \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e24\u7ec4\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u7684 COHA\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u5f97\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9884\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u503c\u5728\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u9644\u8fd1\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u4e24\u7ec4\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u8fd1\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u77e9\u9635\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u533a\u5757\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u52a8\u5927\u529b\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u548c\u626b\u9664\u5973\u6027\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u969c\u788d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6b67\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u667a\u529b\u4e0e\u5916\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u5206\u5316\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5ef6\u4f38\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53d9\u8ff0\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u7684<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

Women Engineering      by Nick Slater<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u6539\u53d8<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e2a\u522b\u5355\u8bcd\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u6f14\u53d8\u51fa\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u201c\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8fd8\u662f\u8bca\u65ad\u5987\u5973\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8bcd\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u201d\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u57281920\u5e74\u524d\u4e94\u540d\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u5973\u6027\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u964d\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74COHA\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u524d100\u540d\u4ee5\u5916\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u5316\u7684\uff08emotional\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b83\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u5e26\u6709\u8d2c\u4e49\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5171\u540c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6f5c\u529b<\/strong>\u3002\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5173\u8054\u4e2d\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/strong>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u6b63\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u53ef\u91cf\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u79cd\u65cf\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u4e8e\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u59d3\u6c0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9644\u5f55A.2\u90e8\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a20\u4e2a\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u59d3\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u8bf4\u660e\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3a<\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe3a \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53d8\u5316: 1960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e1965\u5e74\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff1b1980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0819\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u6700\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4) \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/div>\n

\u56fe3b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe3b \u663e\u793a\u4e861910\u5e74\u30011950\u5e74\u548c1990\u5e74\u6700\u5177\u4e9a\u6d32\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3002<\/strong>\u57281950\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6781\u5ea6\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u5916\u6765\u8005\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u8054\u7cfb\u6700\u7d27\u5bc6\uff1a\u91ce\u86ee\u3001\u53ef\u6068\u3001\u53ef\u6015\u3001\u602a\u5f02\u548c\u6b8b\u5fcd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece1950\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ece1980\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7ec4\u5370\u8c61\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff1a\u654f\u611f\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u3001\u81ea\u6ee1\u3001\u6d3b\u8dc3\u548c\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5370\u8c61\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u886835\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u8054\u7cfb\u6700\u7d27\u5bc6\u768410\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3c
<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

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\"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n

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Make Extremism History  \u6765\u6e90\uff1aposterfortomorrow.org<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u6355\u6349\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe34\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u504f\u5dee\u4e0e\u4fc4\u56fd\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u660e1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u51b7\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57281910\u5e74\u81f31920\u5e74\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8f7b\u5fae\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684; \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8003\u5bdf\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u524d\u540e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d(\u56fe2b)\u7684\u6025\u5267\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u5173(\u4f8b\u5982\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91ccvs.\u60c5\u7eea\u5316)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5de5\u5177(\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf)\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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  1. \n

    Basow, S. A. 1992. Gender: Stereotypes and roles. Wadsworth Publishing Company.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Coates, J. 2015. Women, Men and Language: A Sociolinguistic Account of Gender Differences in Language. Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Hamilton, D. L., and Trolier, T. K. 1986. Stereotypes and stereotyping: An overview of the cognitive approach.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Holmes, J., and Meyerhoff, M. 2008. The Handbook of Language and Gender. John Wiley & Sons.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Wetherell, M., and Potter, J. 1992. Mapping the Language of Racism: Discourse and the Legitimation of Exploitation. Columbia University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    Williams, J. E., and Best, D. L. 1977. Sex Stereotypes and Trait Favorability on the Adjective Check List. Educational and Psychological Measurement 37(1):101\u2013110.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    Williams, J. E., and Best, D. L. 1990. Measuring sex stereotypes: A multination study, Rev. Sage Publications, Inc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

    Henley, N. M. 1989. Molehill or Mountain? What We Know and Dont Know About Sex Bias in Language. In Gender and Thought: Psychological Perspectives. Springer, New York, NY. 59\u201378. DOI: 10.1007\/978-1-4612-3588-0 4.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  9. \n

    Hellinger, M., and Bussmann, H. 2001. Gender Across Languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men. John Benjamins Publishing.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  10. \n

    Collobert, R.; Weston, J.; Bottou, L.; Karlen, M.; Kavukcuoglu, K.; and Kuksa, P. 2011. Natural language processing (almost) from scratch. Journal of Machine Learning Research 12(Aug):2493\u20132537.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  11. \n

    Mikolov, T.; Chen, K.; Corrado, G.; and Dean, J. 2013a. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  12. \n

    Hamilton, W. L.; Leskovec, J.; and Jurafsky, D. 2016a. Cultural shift or linguistic drift? comparing two computa- tional measures of semantic change. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, volume 2016, 2116. NIH Public Access.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  13. \n

    Pennington, J.; Socher, R.; and Manning, C. D. 2014. GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation. In Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 1532\u20131543.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  14. \n

    Sandhaus, E. 2008. The New York Times Annotated Corpus.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  15. \n

    Steven Ruggles; Katie Genadek; Ronald Goeken; Josiah Grover; and Matthew Sobek. 2015. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 6.0 [dataset].<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  16. \n

    Osajima, K. 2005. Asian Americans as the model minority: An analysis of the popular press image in the 1960s and 1980s. A companion to Asian American studies 215\u2013225.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  17. \n

    \uff08&19\uff09Zong, J., and Batalova, J. 2016. Asian Immigrants in the United States.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  18. \n

    \uff08&20\uff09Gutirrez, D. 2012. An Historic Overview of Latino Immigration and the Demographic Transformation of the United States.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


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    \u8bba\u6587\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

    https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1711.08412.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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    \"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    \"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"
    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u96c6\u667aQQ\u7fa4\uff5c292641157<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
    <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n

    \u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \"PNAS\u91cd\u78c5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5e26\u4f60\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684100\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    But You Don’t Look Like A Muslim     by Jenn Liv  \u5bfc\u8bed \u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u90fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\u300b\uff08PNAS\uff09\u7684\u4e00…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19,21],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=133"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":155,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133\/revisions\/155"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=133"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}