{"id":1529,"date":"2018-06-12T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-06-11T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-05T18:25:36","modified_gmt":"2018-12-05T10:25:36","slug":"%e6%b4%9e%e5%af%9f%e8%b0%9c%e9%a2%98-%e7%94%a8%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=1529","title":{"rendered":"\u6d1e\u5bdf\u8c1c\u9898 : \u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img class=\"\"          style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534231087.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<blockquote>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4<br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u6765\u6e90\uff1aquantamagazine.org<\/span><\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u539f\u9898\uff1aThe Slippery Math of Causation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u201c<strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12\">\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"R5Ph\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u89c9\u6216\u8005\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u8bc6\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6(\u539f\u56e0)\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b(\u7ed3\u679c)\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4ec5\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e14\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u6e05\u6670\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u7528,\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7edd\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"    style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">1.\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654\">\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u68ee\u6797\u5927\u706b\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u70df\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u8349\u5730\uff0c\u690d\u88ab\u7684\u5e72\u71e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u98ce\u5411\u7b49\u7b49\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u624d\u80fd\u7740\u706b\u5440\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u6254\u6389\u7684\u70df\u5934\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u706b\u707e\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5c06\u706b\u707e\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6811\u679d\u6469\u64e6\u6216\u96f7\u51fb\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u706b\u82b1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u672a\u80fd\u4fee\u526a\u901a\u5f80\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u8349\u5730\u7b49\u758f\u5ffd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"oKbe\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654\"><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img class=\"\"              style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534231087.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654\">\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-6375942\">\u6ce8\u610f\u90a3\u4e9b<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-6375942\">\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5ffd\u89c6\u98ce\u5411\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u660e\u786e\u65f6\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5148\u9a71Judea Pearl\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u65b0\u4e66\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5411\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u4f20\u6388\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"oKbe\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p line=\"oKbe\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u5ea6:<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"oKbe\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/causation-mani\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"oKbe\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247488271&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=20689b1abce4206f93ea759ad0081cc3&amp;chksm=e8944982dfe3c094e1ee64941a9cf2e8e7cb34a21b73d27a49db9bb3a39e854cb9549c1e7644&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);\">Judea Pearl&nbsp; \u65b0\u4e66\u300aThe Book of Why\u300b<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p line=\"oKbe\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247488271&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=20689b1abce4206f93ea759ad0081cc3&amp;chksm=e8944982dfe3c094e1ee64941a9cf2e8e7cb34a21b73d27a49db9bb3a39e854cb9549c1e7644&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);\">\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7f51\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u7236\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u6559\u4f1a\u673a\u5668\u7406\u89e3\uff1f\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u5373\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p line=\"RXBP\" class=\"ql-align-justify\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\t &nbsp;\u7136\u800c\uff0c<strong class=\"ql-author-6375942 ql-size-12\">\u660e\u786e<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654\">\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-6375942\">\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654\">\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u539f\u56e0\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-6375942\">\u9886\u57df<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654\">\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5173\u6ce8\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8c08\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6bd4\u5149\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u548c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0cVeronique Greenwood\u6700\u8fd1\u5728Quanta\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4ea4\u7ec7\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p line=\"dpB0\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f20\u9001\u95e8:<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"dpB0\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/askabiologist.asu.edu\/why-vs-how-biology<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"dpB0\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247488233&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=74ff765874db6f3ca5ace0dbd0f400a0&amp;chksm=e8944864dfe3c172757928cd8d003fa1cbb698afb6ea1755c4f274653e4b7066d6126c69263d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);\">\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4ea4\u7ec7\u6548\u5e94:<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p line=\"dpB0\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247488233&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=74ff765874db6f3ca5ace0dbd0f400a0&amp;chksm=e8944864dfe3c172757928cd8d003fa1cbb698afb6ea1755c4f274653e4b7066d6126c69263d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);\">\u7ec6\u80de\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u57fa\u56e0\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11\uff01\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u5373\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"    style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">2.\u63a2\u7d22\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e86\u89e3\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b<strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12\">\uff1a\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/strong>\u548c<strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12\">\u5145\u5206\u6027<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"bbTZ\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p line=\"bbTZ\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u4e0e\u5145\u5206\u6027:<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"bbTZ\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">http:\/\/philosophy.wisc.edu\/hausman\/341\/Skill\/nec-suf.htm<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"bbTZ\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u5206\u6790:<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"bbTZ\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00325481.1979.11715231?journalCode=ipgm20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p line=\"bbTZ\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u9664\u975e\u4e8b\u4ef6A\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e8b\u4ef6B\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u90a3\u4e48A\u662fB\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6A\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e8b\u4ef6B\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48A\u662fB\u7684\u5145\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u7559\u4e0b\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6A\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981<strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/strong>\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e8b\u4ef6B\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6A\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5145\u5206\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6C\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8b\u4ef6B\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img class=\"\"      src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma1-1534231087.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u9664\u975e\u4e8b\u4ef6A\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e8b\u4ef6B\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"    style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">3.\u63a2\u7d22\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5984\u60f3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300aInsights\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c1c\u9898\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u63a2\u7d22\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5427\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bf1\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"PeOX\" class=\"ql-align-justify\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u53d6\u503c\u4ecb\u4e8e0\u548c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u9690\u85cf\u56e0\u5b50<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">d<\/em>\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">d<\/em>\u7684\u503c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f(Y)\u3002\u5426\u5219\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f(N)\u3002<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p line=\"tCoT\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);\"><strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12\">\u96be\u9898<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u5176\u4e2d<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">d<\/em>\u7684\u503c\u662f<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u4e0e\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u975e\u96f6\u5e38\u7cfb\u6570\u4e58\u79ef\u4e4b\u548c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u201c\u7f51\u7403\u53d1\u7403\uff08tennis serve\uff09\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u51fb\u7403\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff08height\uff09\uff0c\u5782\u76f4\u548c\u4fa7\u5411\u89d2\u5ea6\uff08vertical and lateral angle&nbsp;\uff09\uff0c<em class=\"ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654 ql-font-serif\">d<\/em>\u662f\u7403\u5728\u7403\u573a\u4e0a\u843d\u5730\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u578b\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u4ee5\u4e58\u79ef\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u57fa\u56e0\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">d<\/em>\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u901a\u5e38\uff0c<em  class=\"ql-commented ql-commented-background ql-size-12 ql-author-6375942 ql-font-serif\">d<\/em>\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u76ee\u6807\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u4e8e<em  class=\"ql-commented ql-commented-background ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654 ql-font-serif\">d<\/em>\u503c\u7684\u603b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<em  class=\"ql-commented ql-commented-background ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em  class=\"ql-commented ql-commented-background ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em  class=\"ql-commented ql-commented-background ql-size-12 ql-author-10631654 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6781\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"53Ji\" class=\"ql-align-justify\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u53ea\u6709\u5728<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u90fd\u5927\u4e8e1\u6216\u8005\u90fd\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e1\u65f6\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u76ee\u6807\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u60f3\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"YFwD\" class=\"ql-align-justify\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u8868\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u201cY\u201d\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">a<\/em>\uff0c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">b<\/em>\u548c<em class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">c<\/em>\u6240\u5c5e\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5b50\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff1b\u201cN\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"etCw\" class=\"ql-align-justify ql-long-10631654\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span style=\"width: inherit;height: inherit;font-size: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"gallery-image\"          height=\"auto\" style=\"margin: initial;transform: initial;width: 100%;height: auto;\" width=\"506px\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma1-1534231087.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);\"><strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12\"><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);\"><strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12\">\u96be\u9898<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u201cY\u201d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);\"><strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12\">\u96be\u9898<\/strong><strong class=\"ql-author-10631654 ql-size-12 ql-font-serif\">3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u683c\u5305\u542b\u7684256\u79cd\u53ef\u80fdY-N\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5f53\u7136\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bfb\u627e\u5355\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u9020\u865a\u5047\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u8bfb\u8005\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u51fa\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u53f2\u6587\u5f6c<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u5ba1\u6821\uff1a\u9ad8\u98de<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u738b\u6021\u853a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;\">\u539f\u6587:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-math-of-causation-puzzle-20180530\/<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"    style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 2em;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247488271&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=20689b1abce4206f93ea759ad0081cc3&amp;chksm=e8944982dfe3c094e1ee64941a9cf2e8e7cb34a21b73d27a49db9bb3a39e854cb9549c1e7644&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u7236\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u771f\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\u673a\u5668\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 2em;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247488233&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=74ff765874db6f3ca5ace0dbd0f400a0&amp;chksm=e8944864dfe3c172757928cd8d003fa1cbb698afb6ea1755c4f274653e4b7066d6126c69263d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u7ec6\u80de\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u57fa\u56e0\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11\uff01<\/span><\/strong><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 2em;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247488537&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac8b8c059b2aea95c8021f40f392f563&amp;chksm=e8944e94dfe3c782583b335627755cba65d137465c94122919a275c277af4316a7be4a04b8d0&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6765\u4e34&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 2em;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247487945&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=3d15315d34e325315fda21ab8db50a83&amp;chksm=e8944b44dfe3c252c4330201a003c348094c2675e57bd614218e46cb3c1b42739efbb2208cf1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8bba\u6587\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u5d4c\u5165\u6280\u672f<\/span><\/strong><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247487778&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=c2e77ec93213c4c63f57a777ff10e368&amp;chksm=e8944bafdfe3c2b9d66544dafe7403159473e8c94fd3bc513f5300c353bcec49c0c0b69797af&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\">\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u65b0\u5566\uff01<\/a><\/span><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534231087.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<hr style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;\"  \/>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: center;\"><img class=\"__bg_gif\"     style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 64px !important;\" width=\"100%\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534231088.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;\">\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: center;outline: none;\">\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;outline: none;\">\n<section   style=\"outline: none;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 15px;outline: none;\">\n<section  style=\"line-height: 25.6px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u96c6\u667aQQ\u7fa4\uff5c292641157<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;outline: none;\">\n<h1 style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 14px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);line-height: 25.6px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"line-height: 28px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 76, 0);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 128, 255);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(61, 170, 214);\">\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 20px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 5px auto;padding: 10px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;width: 180px;border-width: 2px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(132, 132, 132);line-height: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"height: auto !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: auto !important;\" width=\"auto\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534231088.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote class='keep-source'>\n<p>\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a                         \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8                      <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4 \u6765\u6e90\uff1aquantamagazine.org \u539f\u9898\uff1aThe Slippery Math of Causation \u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u201c\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f \u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1529"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1529"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1542,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1529\/revisions\/1542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1529"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=1529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}