{"id":1543,"date":"2018-06-11T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-06-10T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-06T15:08:54","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T07:08:54","slug":"%e8%bf%98%e5%8e%9f%e5%b0%8f%e5%9e%8b%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%ef%bc%9a%e5%b0%8f%e5%b0%8f%e8%99%ab%e8%84%91%e9%87%8c%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%a5%9e%e7%bb%8f%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c-%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=1543","title":{"rendered":"\u8fd8\u539f\u5c0f\u578b\u5927\u8111\uff1a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u866b\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc | \u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5b66\u7814\u7a76"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/div>\n
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\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u5206\u6790\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span>\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u88ab\u5168\u90e8\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u874c\u86aa\u5e7c\u866b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u5bfc\u8bed<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u874c\u86aa\u5e7c\u4f53\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6210\u5168\u90e8\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u5927\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4
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\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/span>elifesciences.org<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aLuis A Bezares-Calder\u00f3n, G\u00e1sp\u00e1r J\u00e9kely<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u9898\uff1a<\/span>Connectomics: Think small<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u5230\u8d85\u8fc77\u5343\u514b\u91cd\u7684\u9cb8\u9c7c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5c0f\u5230\u53ea\u670966\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4f8f\u5112\u96c4\u6027\u8815\u866b(Windoffer and Westheide, 1988)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5927\u662f\u5c0f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u63a5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5668\u5b98\u662f\u89c1\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u809d\u810f\uff0c\u80be\u810f\u6216\u8005\u76ae\u80a4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u4f55\u7ed8\u5236\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5b66\u7684\u706b\u70ed\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

\u4f8f\u5112\u8815\u866b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7ed8\u5236\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u5373\u5c55\u793a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u72ec\u7279\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d85\u8584\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5207\u7247\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u53ea\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9f20\u7684\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u7ea6\u67091cm\u00b3\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u4f53\u79ef\u91cf\u7684100,000\u500d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f53\u79ef\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5b66\u91cc\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\uff08Caenorhabditis elegans\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5168\u90e8\u7ed8\u5236\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86302\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u8c31\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8017\u8d39\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc710\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b(White et al.,1986)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1.\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u201d<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u8c31\u7269\u79cd<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u8c6a\u65af\u5927\u5b66\uff08Dalhousie University\uff09\u7684Kerrianne Ryan, Zhiyuan Lu \u4ee5\u53caIan Meinertzhagen\u5728elife\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\uff08Ciona intestinalis\uff09\u874c\u86aa\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4(Ryan et al., 2016)\u3002\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u6d77\u9798\u5e76\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u663e\u773c\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u6c34\u7684\u56ca\u9798\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u6d77\u6c34\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u55b7\u5c04\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u55b7\u5c04\u5668\uff08sea squirts\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u539f\u56e0(\u5982\u56fe1A)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u5b66\u5bb6\u57281867\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u874c\u86aa\u72b6\u5e7c\u866b\u4e0e\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u810a\u690e\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u9c7c\u5230\u4eba\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\uff0cMikhailov and Gilbert\uff0c2002\uff09\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8eab\u4f53\u6a2a\u5256\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u786e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u810a\u690e\u201d\u8fd1\u4eb2\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a8\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u56fe1 \u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u874c\u86aa\u5e7c\u4f53\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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(A) \u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u6210\u4f53\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u98df\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\u4e3a10mm\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u874c\u86aa\u5e7c\u866b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e38\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6a2a\u5256\u9762\uff0c\u80cc\u90e8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u68d2\u72b6\u810a\u7d22\uff08notochord\uff09\u3002Ryan\u7b49\u4eba\u5c06\u5b83\u5207\u5206\u62107000\u4e2a\u8d85\u8584\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5207\u7247\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u4f53\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u540c\u6837\u62e5\u6709\u611f\u89c9\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u8111\u888b\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u773c\u70b9\uff08Eyespot)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u77e5\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff08\u5185\u8033\u77f3(Otolith)\uff09\u3002B\uff0cC\u56fe\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\u90fd\u662f100\u03bcm\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u6d77\u9798\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u663e\u793a\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u5468\u548c\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u8111\u6ce1\uff08Brain vesicle\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\uff08motor ganglion\uff09\u3002\u8111\u6ce1\u91cc\u9762\u53c8\u5305\u62ec\u7ec4\u6210\u773c\u72b6\u6591\u70b9\u7684\u5149\u611f\u53d7\u5668\uff08photoreceptors\uff09\uff0c\u51a0\u7ec6\u80de\uff08Coronet cells\uff09\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u611f\u53d7\u538b\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u89e6\u89d2\u7ec6\u80de\uff08antenna cells\uff09\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u5185\u8033\u77f3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u7ee7\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08relay neurons\uff09\u3002\u800c\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u91cc\u9762\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7f29\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u4ece\u89e3\u5256\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u770b\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5728\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u8981\u6709\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u7ee7\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u5de6\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff08\u6570\u5b571-5\uff09\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5de6\u53f3\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u7167\u7247A, B\u4ee5\u53caC \u7531Antonio Palladino\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u5230200\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u7ec4\u6210\u5927\u8111\u6700\u5c11\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7ed8\u5236\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u5355\u6837\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002Ryan\u7b49\u4eba\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u5207\u5206\u62107000\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\u4ec5\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u7eb3\u7c73\u539a\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u62cd\u7167\u3002\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u7167\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5e76\u4eba\u5de5\u5730\u53bb\u6807\u8bb0\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\u5f97\u5230\u8fa8\u8ba4\u548c\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u8c31\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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2.\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5e7c\u866b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ece\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u8c31\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7531\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e0e\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u529b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6784\u6210\u662f\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684(Watts and Strogatz, 1998)\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9177\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8ddd\u79bb\u53ea\u9700\u89812.7\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\t   <\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u5916\u5468\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5916\u5468\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u7ec6\u80de\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u51e0\u4e2a\u611f\u53d7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u5355\u773c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u538b\u529b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de(\u5982\u56fe 1C)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u80cc\u4fa7\u7684\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ec6\u80de\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53c8\u4e0e\u540c\u5c5e\u4e2d\u592e\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fde\u63a5\u81f3\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u808c\u8089\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\t    <\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u673a\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u808c\u8089\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong>\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u5b75\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7f29\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d210\u6b21\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6447\u6446\u5e76\u4f7f\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u6446\u8131\u5375\u58f3\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u5728\u5b75\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6446\u52a8\u5bf9\u5b83\u5728\u6e38\u6cf3\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u5411\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5f88\u91cd\u8981(Mast, 1921)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5b83\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4f9d\u9760\u5c3e\u90e8\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u6536\u7f29\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6536\u7f29\u9891\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6bcf\u79d220-30\u6b21\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u808c\u8089\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5149\u7ebf\uff0c\u91cd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9634\u5f71<\/strong>(Zega et al., 2006; McHenry and Strother, 2003)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u4f1a\u5411\u7740\u4e0e\u91cd\u529b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6e38\u52a8\u3002Ryan\u548c\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6574\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u5230\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7(\u5982\u56fe1D)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u770b\u4f3c\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u5374\u53ea\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6d77\u9798\u5e7c\u866b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6e38\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u7684(Zega et al., 2006)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u5e7c\u4f53\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u770b\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6784\u6210\u5176\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u590d\u6742\u800c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3.\u6253\u7834\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u79f0\u94c1\u5f8b\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Ryan\u7b49\u4eba\u8fd8\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u52a8\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8868\u660e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u7136\u800c<\/span>\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0<\/strong>(\u5982\u56fe1D)\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4f55\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6d77\u9798\u6d41\u7ebf\u578b\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6a2a\u5256\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u9798\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5728\u5927\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/span>
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\t   <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d77\u9798\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u56fe\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ea\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f7b\u5e95\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u8def\u8981\u8d70\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u91cd\u5fc3\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u578b\u5927\u8111\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8003\u8651\u4e5f\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ed8\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9f20\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u82b1\u8d39\u662f\u505a\u5c0f\u578b\u5927\u8111\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684100,000\u500d\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u5176\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4f1a\u88abRyan, Lu\u4ee5\u53ca Meinert zhagen\u7684\u51fa\u8272\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u5c0f\u578b\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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[1]. Delsuc F, Brinkmann H, Chourrout D, Philippe H.2006. Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates. Nature 439:965\u2013968. doi: 10.1038\/nature04336, PMID: 16495997.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[2]. Mast SO. 1921. Reactions to light in the larvae of theascidians, Amaroucium constellatum and Amarouciumpellucidum with special reference to photicorientation. Journal of Experimental Zoology 34:148\u2013187. doi: 10.1002\/jez.1400340204.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[3]. McHenry M, Strother J. 2003. The kinematics ofphototaxis in larvae of the ascidian Aplidium constellatum. Marine Biology 142:173\u2013184. doi: 10.1007\/s00227-002-0929-z.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[4]. Mikhailov AT, Gilbert SF. 2002. From development to evolution: the re-establishment of the “Alexander Kowalevsky Medal”. The International Journal of Developmental Biology 46:693\u2013698. PMID: 12216980.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[5]. Ryan K, Lu Z, Meinertzhagen I. 2016. The CNS connectome of a tadpole larva of Ciona intestinalis (L.) highlights sidedness in the brain of a chordate sibling. eLife 5:e16962. doi: 10.7554\/eLife.16962.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[6]. Tsuda M, Sakurai D, Goda M. 2003. Direct evidence for the role of pigment cells in the brain of ascidian larvae by laser ablation. Journal of Experimental Biology 206:1409\u20131417. doi: 10.1242\/jeb.00235, PMID: 12624175.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[7]. Watts DJ, Strogatz SH. 1998. Collective dynamics of \u2019small-world\u2019 networks. Nature 393:440\u2013442. doi: 10.1038\/30918, PMID: 9623998.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[8]. White JG, Southgate E, Thomson JN, Brenner S. 1986.The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 314:1\u2013340. doi: 10.1098\/rstb.1986.0056.<\/span><\/p>\n


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[9]. Windoffer R, Westheide W. 1988. The nervous system of the male Dinophilus gyrociliatus (Polychaeta,Dinophilidae): II. Electron microscopical reconstruction of nervous anatomy and effector cells. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 272:475\u2013488. doi: 10.1002\/cne.902720403, PMID: 3417897.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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[10]. Zega G, Thorndyke MC, Brown ER. 2006. Development of swimming behaviour in the larva of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:3405\u20133412. doi: 10.1242\/jeb.02421, PMID: 16916975.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u859b\u4f1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ba1\u6821\uff1a\u80e1\u9e4f\u535a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u674e\u6c9b\u6b23<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/22497
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f4e\u8c03\u4e0e\u4f1f\u5927\uff1a\u5199\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08Giant Neuron\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u9645 | \u6797\u601d\u6069<\/a><\/strong><\/span>
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\u8bba\u6587\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e4c\u5408\u4e4b\u4f17\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u9065<\/a><\/strong><\/span>
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\u4ec5\u5360\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u603b\u91cf0.01%\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5708\u517b\u4e8696%\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269 | \u8ba1\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/strong><\/span>
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\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u603b\u91cf\u768483%\u7adf\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u690d\u7269 | \u8ba1\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/span><\/a>
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\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc(DNN)\u662f\u5426\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/a>
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\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u65b0\u5566\uff01<\/a><\/strong><\/span>
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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"
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\u96c6\u667aQQ\u7fa4\uff5c292641157<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
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\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n

\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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