{"id":15641,"date":"2019-05-15T00:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-05-14T16:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=15641"},"modified":"2019-06-20T11:48:09","modified_gmt":"2019-06-20T03:48:09","slug":"cd1fb9b640","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=15641","title":{"rendered":"\u7edf\u4e00\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma1-1557913852.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span><strong><span>\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff0c1831\u301c1879\uff09\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u82f1\u56fd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u3001<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u7ecf\u5178\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section><span><strong><span>\u5bfc\u8bed<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px\"><strong style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: inherit;text-decoration: inherit\"><span>\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u63a2\u7d22\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote class=\"js_blockquote_wrap\">\n<section class=\"js_blockquote_digest\">\n<section>\u672c\u6587\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7eb5\u6a2a\u300b2019\u5e74\u7b2c6\u5377\u7b2c1\u671f<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>\u638c\u8235\u4eba\uff1a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4eca\u5e74\uff082019\u5e74\uff0911\u67085\u65e5\u662f\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u901d\u4e16140\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><strong><span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff09\uff0c1831\u5e746\u670813\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00 \u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u573a\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u7535\u3001\u78c1\u3001\u5149\u4e09\u8005\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" style=\"text-align: center;width: 556px\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma0-1557913853.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u56fe1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span><strong><span>\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00 \u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u4e66\u623f\u91cc\u6302\u7740\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8096\u50cf\uff1a\u725b\u987f\u3001\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u57281931\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6100\u5468\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u4ece\u725b\u987f\u5960\u5b9a\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u516c\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5728\u7535\u78c1\u73b0\u8c61\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c<strong>\u8fd9\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u662f\u540c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u548c\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6c38\u8fdc\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u6781\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u3002<\/strong>\u201d\u8fd9\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u8d85\u51e1\u3002\u5728\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u8d21\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u53cd\u9988\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u65b0\u9896\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">1948\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u7ef4\u7eb3\uff08Norbert Wiener\uff0c1894-1964\uff09\u8003\u8651\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u5b9a\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u9886\u57df\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u673a\u5668\u8fd8\u662f\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u505aCybernetics\uff0c\u5b83\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u6587kubernetes\uff0c\u5373\u638c\u8235\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e61868\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u8ff0\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8c03\u901f\u5668\uff08Governor\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u4ecekubernetes\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6f14\u7ece\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7ef4\u7eb3\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u9898\u76ee\u662f\u201c\u8bba\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u201d\uff08On Governors\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">Proceedings of the Royal Society\uff0cVol. 16, pp. 270-283, 1868\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u90e8\u5e26\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6709\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u4ee5\u5747\u5300\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6270\u52a8\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u6982\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\uff081\uff09\u6270\u52a8\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\uff082\uff09\u6270\u52a8\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u5730\u8870\u51cf\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\uff083\uff09\u6270\u52a8\u4ee5\u5e45\u5ea6\u8fde\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u632f\u8361\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\uff084\uff09\u6270\u52a8\u4ee5\u5e45\u5ea6\u8fde\u7eed\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u632f\u8361\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4e0a\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u4e0e\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u6839\u548c\u590d\u6839\u7684\u5b9e\u90e8\u5747\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\u3002\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8fd0\u52a8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4f4e\u9636\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5224\u522b\u6761\u4ef6\u30021876\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b66\u8005IvanAlekseyevich Vyshnegradsky\uff081832-1895\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5c1a\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e09\u9636\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9898\u76ee\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9636\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u52301877\u5e74\u6709\u4e86\u5224\u522b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u52b3\u65af\uff08Edward John Routh, 1831-1907\uff09\u53c2\u52a0\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201cA Treatise on the Stability of a Given Stateof Motion\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b661848\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u3001\u7531\u8be5\u6821\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u5956\uff08AdamsPrize\uff09\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u4ed6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u52b3\u65af\u5224\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u70ed\u8877\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8b\u8fd8\u5f97\u4ece\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u6240\u4f3a\u670d\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u8c08\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u96cf\u5f62\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e0c\u7f57\uff08Hero of Alexandria\uff09\u5728\u516c\u5143\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u6c7d\u8f6c\u7403\uff08Aeolipile\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u65e9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7ef4\u7279\u9c81\u5a01\uff08Vitruvius\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5efa\u7b51\u5341\u4e66\u300b\uff08De Architectura\uff09\u4e2d\u5df2\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u5c0f\u5f00\u53e3\u7684\u9ec4\u94dc\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u6c34\u540e\u518d\u7528\u706b\u70e7\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u84b8\u6c7d\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u00e6olipyl\u00e6\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u7684\u300a\u6c14\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u300b\uff08Pneumatics\uff09\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c7d\u8f6c\u7403\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5fc3\u7403\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6709\u6c34\u7684\u5bc6\u5c01\u9505\u5b50\u4ee5\u4e24\u6761\u7a7a\u5fc3\u7ba1\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u9505\u5e95\u52a0\u70ed\u4f7f\u6c34\u6cb8\u817e\u65f6\uff0c\u9505\u4e2d\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u7403\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u84b8\u6c7d\u4f1a\u7531\u7403\u4f53\u7684\u4e24\u65c1\u55b7\u51fa\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u7403\u4f53\u65cb\u8f6c\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u56fe2\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma0-1557913853-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u56fe2 \u5e0c\u7f57\u7684\u6c7d\u8f6c\u7403<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u8981\u7b49\u523017\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u8bde\u751f\u30021679\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u5e15\u6f58\uff08Denis Papin, 1647-1712\uff09\u6253\u9020\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u578b(Steam Digester)\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e09\u4f4d\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u585e\u7ef4\u5229\uff08Thomas Savery, 1650-1715\uff09\u4e8e1698\u5e74\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u7ebd\u79d1\u95e8\uff08Thomas Newcomen\uff0c1663-1729\uff09\u4e8e1712\u5e74 \u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u74e6\u7279 \uff08Jamesvon Breda Watt\uff0c1736-1819\uff09\u4e8e1769\u5e74\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6539\u826f\u51fa\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u74e6\u7279<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u60e0\u66f4\u65af\uff08ChristiaanHuygens\uff0c1629-1695\uff09\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u800c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u79bb\u5fc3\u8c03\u901f\u5668\uff08Flyball governor\uff0c1788\uff0c\u89c1\u56fe3\uff09\uff0c<strong>\u4f7f\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8fc5\u901f\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/strong>1807\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5bcc\u5c14\u987f\uff08Robert Fulton\uff0c1765-1815\uff09\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7ed9\u8fdc\u822a\u8f6e\u8239\u88c5\u4e0a\u4e86\u9a71\u52a8\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u90a3\u662f\u540e\u8bdd\u3002\u74e6\u7279\u7684\u79bb\u5fc3\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u7ea6\u670975000\u4e2a\u79bb\u5fc3\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u540e\u6765\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c<strong>\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u673a\u5668\u635f\u6bc1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7ede\u5c3d\u8111\u6c41\u5374\u4e00\u7b79\u83ab\u5c55\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u673a\u68b0\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u523b\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u9002\u9022\u5176\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\uff09\uff0c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8457\u540d\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u8bba\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u201d\uff08On Governors\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u74e6\u7279\u79bb\u5fc3\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u575a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u8868\u8fbe\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u79ef\u5206\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684<strong>\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u79ef\u5206\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma6-1557913854.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><strong>\u56fe3 \u74e6\u7279\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684 Flyball\u79bb\u5fc3\u8c03\u901f\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0e\u8f6c\u8f74\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u673a\u5668\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u4fbf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5b83\u6216\u8005\u589e\u52a0\u5728\u8be5\u90e8\u4ef6\u8868\u9762\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u8be5\u90e8\u4ef6\u79fb\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d77\u5230\u5239\u63a3\u6216\u9600\u95e8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u8be5\u90e8\u4ef6,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd0\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u5219\u53cd\u8f6c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u9a71\u52a8\u6216\u963b\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u901f\u5ea6\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u503c\u3002\u201d\u6587\u4e2d\u4ed6\u628a\u53ea\u6709\u6bd4\u4f8b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u79f0\u4e3aModerator\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53ca\u79ef\u5206\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u79f0\u4e3aGenuine governor\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: circle\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8f74\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u6469\u64e6\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u968f\u7740\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u90e8\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u79bb\u8f74\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u529b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u968f\u79bb\u5fc3\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u65cb\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u90e8\u4ef6\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\u88ab\u6cf5\u51fa\u5e76\u88ab\u629b\u51fa\u65cb\u8f6c\u676f\u7684\u4e24\u4fa7\u3002\u676f\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u87ba\u9489\u548c\u5f39\u7c27\u4ee5\u5176\u8f74\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f74\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u5728\u676f\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5219\u676f\u5b50\u4e0b\u964d\u540c\u65f6\u6cf5\u8fdb\u66f4\u591a\u6db2\u4f53\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u6574\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f97\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u676f\u5b50\u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u5e38\u65cb\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u63a5\u7740\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u91cc\u7a81\u53d1\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5dee\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53bb\u5f71\u54cd\u8c03\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f46\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e61868\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86<strong>\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6570\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u201c\u53cd\u9988\u201d\uff08Feedback\uff09\u4e8c\u5b57\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8<strong>\u8d2f\u7a7f\u7740\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684<strong>\u4e3b\u9898\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u4f53\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u4e5f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u4f53\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u522b\u662f\u571f\u661f\u73af\uff08\u89c1\u56fe4\uff09\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma3-1557913854.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u56fe4 \u571f\u661f\u73af<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u770b\u5230\u571f\u661f\u73af\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u5219\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u571f\u661f\u73af\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<strong>\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u662f\u56fa\u6001\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u73af\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u73af\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u56f4\u7ed5\u571f\u661f\u65cb\u8f6c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5047\u5b9a\u571f\u661f\u73af\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u6001\u7684\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u7531\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u4e86<strong>\u73af\u4e0a\u975e\u521a\u6027\u5c0f\u5757\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u4e0a\u52a8\u529b\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c<strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u73af\u9762\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u73af\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u6027\u3002<\/strong>\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5730\u5f97\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u662f\u56fa\u6001\u548c\u5747\u5300\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f88\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7684\u3001\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u975e\u56fa\u6001\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u6216\u8005\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5982\u679c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u571f\u661f\u73af\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u7834\u88c2\u6210\u65e0\u6570\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u6d41\u661f\u96e8\u3001\u571f\u5c18\u6216\u8005\u7070\u70ec\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u571f\u661f\u73af\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u201c\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73af\u662f\u7531\u65e0\u6570\u4e92\u4e0d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u571f\u661f\u6309\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201cOn the Stability of theMotion of Saturn&#8217;s Rings: An Essay\u201d\uff08\u540e\u6765\u4ee5\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\uff0cMacMillan and Co., 1859\uff09\u8d62\u5f97\u4e861856\u5e74\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u5956\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u5b66\u672f\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u91cd\u89c6\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4eb2\u81ea\u52a8\u624b\u505a\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u30021874\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8d1f\u8d23<strong>\u7b79\u5efa\u4e86<\/strong>\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u6447\u7bee\u201d\u7684<strong>\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u4ec0\uff08Cavendish\uff09\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u76f4\u52301879\u5e74\u8ddf\u4ed6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e00\u6837\u75c5\u901d\u4e8e\u80c3\u764c\u3002\u5929\u5992\u82f1\u624d\uff0c\u53ea\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eab\u5e7448\u5c81\u3002\u56fe5\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u96d5\u50cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma0-1557913854.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em\"><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u56fe5 \u7231\u4e01\u5821\u4e54\u6cbb\u8857\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u96d5\u50cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005<span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px\"><img class=\"\" style=\"text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;text-align: center;width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma9-1557913854.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px\"><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"js_blockquote_wrap\" style=\"text-align: center\">\n<section class=\"js_blockquote_digest\">\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u9648\u5b89\u6797<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\" style=\"text-align: left\">\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong><\/p>\n<p><span><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247493719&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=d78da5412ea913c9a89509098b5e1f3a&amp;chksm=e897b2dadfe03bcce72f3be2520a2a563d8760ed9320deecf6a77408d259dbe8c6764bdbd465&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;text-align: center\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247496309&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=5b0999baf692f37bfd428abff0a87abb&amp;chksm=e897a8f8dfe021eee586653c267996ef05e78adf20625c6ce51ef067b99e35f53b60fb7c51b1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px\">\u9999\u519c:\u65e0\u7f18\u8bfa\u5956\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236\u7814<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247496442&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=5a4467e7400a83f45173fc0d6c9e1bbf&amp;chksm=e897a877dfe0216119d84829a6453f1bcb3f0f3e9c2a983543f0057809d177bee5b7af3dd5c2&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;letter-spacing: 1px\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px\">\u5b66\u79d1\u8bde\u751f\u8bb0\uff1a\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247495782&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=5097d521b474302f6e2be4520ae86af7&amp;chksm=e897aaebdfe023fd4123e688783e94726140bbc5cbe6ab0548fb1379d2b0791c2f80e07e4ed7&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;letter-spacing: 1px\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u62ef\u6551\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u5371\u673a\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 2em\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247487778&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=c2e77ec93213c4c63f57a777ff10e368&amp;chksm=e8944bafdfe3c2b9d66544dafe7403159473e8c94fd3bc513f5300c353bcec49c0c0b69797af&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px\"><strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"mpa-template\" width=\"100%\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;width: 64px !important\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma0-1557913855.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/div>\n<section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: center\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px\">\n<section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 15px\">\n<section>\n<p><strong><span>\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8QQ\u7fa4\uff5c877391004<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em\">\n<h1 style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em\"><strong><strong><span><span>\u25c6<\/span><span>\u25c6<\/span><span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n<p><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"mpa-template\" style=\"width: 156px !important\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/swarma1-1557913855.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\" \/><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote class=\"keep-source\">\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff09\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?timestamp=1557913825&amp;src=3&amp;ver=1&amp;signature=o*aosP2DTAwd3D7460ToCp98BfdBjY9JtIaLQUPg8EMFXFVv1yuEZMCBxUal05MuZ*89F6pnLhywMKt-PPQMDq2cFJf0ii2HM45f9kNySByOcgKNflNc*lVkYc9O*MDgEPkI-BazadGbeOl3AvJp2YZybvFjCMtRpuXgNlLImqo=\">\u96c6\u667a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff0c1831\u301c1879\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u5bfc\u8bed \u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u63a2\u7d22\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18,22],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15641"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15641\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15641"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=15641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}