{"id":17177,"date":"2019-10-07T19:32:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-08T09:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=17177"},"modified":"2019-10-08T17:50:17","modified_gmt":"2019-10-08T09:50:17","slug":"4c5c5aac2c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=17177","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u949f\u60c5\u827a\u672f\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7f8e\u611f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4eca\u5e74\u57282019 \u5e744\u6708\u300aCognition\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300aIntuitions about mathematical beauty: A case study in the aesthetic experience of ideas\u300b\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5206\u522b\u5c31\u98ce\u666f\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ecf\u5178\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6253\u5206\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7fa4\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u827a\u672f\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u4f18\u96c5\u3001\u6df1\u523b\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/section>\n
Intuitions about mathematical beauty: A case study in the aesthetic experience of ideas<\/section>\n
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\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e45\u753b\u662f\u201c Looking Down Yosemite Valley\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u5fb7\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u98ce\u666f\u753b\u5bb6 Albert Bierstadt \u6240\u753b\u5730\u5904\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u4f18\u80dc\u7f8e\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u5ce1\u8c37\u3002Yosemite \u66fe\u4f5c\u4e3a MAC OS \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u914b\u957f\u5ca9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u57282019 \u5e744\u6708\u300aCognition\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300aIntuitions about mathematical beauty: A case study in the aesthetic experience of ideas\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u4e0e\u98ce\u666f\u753b\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u62db\u52df\u4e86300\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aMT\u6837\u672c[2]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u670999\u540d\u5177\u5907\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u9605\u8bfb\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u65e0\u7a77\u7b49\u6bd4\u6c42\u548c\uff08Geometric\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u65af\u6c42\u548c\uff08Gauss\uff09\u3001\u9e3d\u7b3c\u539f\u7406\uff08Pigeonhole\uff09\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u6c42\u548c\uff08Faulhaber\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u56db\u5e45\u4e0d\u540c\u5c71\u6c34\u98ce\u666f\u753b\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5206\uff080-10\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9 MT\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u88681\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0e\u7ed8\u753b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8bc4\u5206\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe4\uff1a\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0e\u7ed8\u753b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u8bc4\u5206<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u641e\u6e05\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u968f\u673a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5206\u6570(z-scores)\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u548c\u6700\u4f4e\u914d\u5bf9\u6392\u540d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a0.85 \u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6548\u5e94\uff1b\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u8bc4\u5206\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684 alpha \u4fe1\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u03b1= 0.93\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06 MT \u6837\u672c\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6837\u672c\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6a2a\u5411\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u770b\u539f\u8bba\u6587\u9644\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u4e09\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u5448\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5171\u8bc6\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c MT \u6837\u672c\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u66f4\u786e\u4fe1\u65e0\u7a77\u7b49\u6bd4\u6c42\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eYosemite\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6837\u672c\u5374\u670943%\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u66f4\u50cf Andes\u3002\u5230\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u4f60\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f60\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5f20\u56fe<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0e\u7ed8\u753b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u901a\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e1a\u4f59\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e0e\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u56db\u7ec4\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0e\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u54c1\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u9009\u7528\u4e86\u8212\u4f2f\u7279\u3001\u5df4\u8d6b\u3001\u8d1d\u591a\u82ac\u548c\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u6587\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8bc4\u5206\uff08M= 4.66\uff09\u8981\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7ed8\u753b\uff08M= 2.66\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u201c\u97f3\u4e50\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u6027\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e0e\u7ed8\u753b\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ea6\u68c0\u9a8c\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u968f\u673a\uff0c\u5374\u6bd4\u7ed8\u753b\u7ec4\u6570\u503c\u8981\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u7ec4\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5982\u7ed8\u753b\u7ec4\u90a3\u4e48\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u611f\u77e5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4e0d\u5982\u5177\u4f53\u523a\u6fc0\u90a3\u4e48\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8bc6[3]\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u611f\u77e5\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5bf9\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe5\uff1a\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0e\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u8bc4\u5206<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u5728\u97f3\u4e50\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9 MT \u6837\u672c\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6837\u672c\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6837\u672c\u6392\u540d\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u76f4\u89c9\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6444\u5f71\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5904\u7406\u7167\u7247\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u65b0\u9896\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7167\u7247[4]\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u4e13\u5bb6\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u65f6\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u5ba1\u7f8e\u8da3\u5473\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u60d1[5]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4e4b\u7ef4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u827a\u672f\u5728\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fbe\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7f8e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6027\u8d28\u6216\u5524\u9192\u6f5c\u529b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u6027\u8d28\u505a\u51fa\u7f8e\u5b66\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5982\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u65b0\u9896\u6027[6]\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5f88\u96be\u76f4\u63a5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u7f8e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u7f8e\u7684\u516d\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ef4\u5ea6[7]\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u7684\u8fd1\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u5171\u4e5d\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e25\u8083\uff08serious\uff09\u3001\u666e\u904d\uff08universal\uff09\u3001\u6df1\u523b\uff08profound\uff09\u3001\u65b0\u9896\uff08novel\uff09\u3001\u6e05\u6670\uff08clarity\uff09\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\uff08simple\uff09\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\uff08elegant\uff09\u3001\u7cbe\u7ec6\uff08intricate\uff09\u548c\u590d\u6742\uff08sophisticated\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u62db\u52df\u4e86 300 \u4eba\u7684MT\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 194 \u4eba\u4e1a\u4f59\u6837\u672c\u3001104\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u5148\u524d\u6d4b\u8bd5 94 \u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7f8e\u4e00\u5171\u5341\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4efb\u52a1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5bf9\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u56db\u5e45\u753b\u4ece\u5341\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5206\u8bc4\u7ea7\uff08\u201c\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u5e45\u753b\uff1f\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u524d\u4e24\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6df7\u5408\u6837\u672c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u56fe\u88683\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe6\uff1a\u4ece9\u4e2a\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u88ab\u8bd5\u5bf9\u7ed8\u753b\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u5224\u65ad<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ec6\u5206\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bc4\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660ealpha \u4fe1\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u662f0.98 \u548c0.97\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u5c42\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff08hierarchical regression models\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5728\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u5f71\u54cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4f18\u96c5\u3001\u6df1\u523b\u548c\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f18\u96c5\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7ed8\u753b\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u7b80\u6d01\uff08\u7ed8\u753b\u8d1f\u9762\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u6b63\u9762\uff09\u3001\u666e\u904d\uff08\u6b63\u9762\uff09\u3001\u4e25\u8083\uff08\u8d1f\u9762\uff09\u3002\u5269\u4f59\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5219\u90fd\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u652f\u6301\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5728\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8868\u660e\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\u8d8b\u4e8e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u662f\u7531\u6570\u5b66\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6837\u672c\u9020\u6210\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0d\u8db3\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u7ed8\u753b\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u4f18\u96c5\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ec4\u5219\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u8fb9\u5012\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f18\u96c5<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u7f8e\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u7ecf\u9a8c\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u654f\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5148\u524d\u7ed8\u753b\u7ec4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u5176\u663e\u8457\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6b64\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7f8e\u4ece\u4f55\u6765<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u5ba1\u7f8e\u76f4\u89c9\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7f8e\u2014\u2014\u4f18\u96c5\u3001\u6df1\u523b\u548c\u6e05\u6670<\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ec4\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5176\u4ed6\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6df1\u523b\u548c\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53ea\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4f18\u96c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u968f\u7740\u6570\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5ba1\u7f8e\u76f4\u89c9\u5411\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u503e\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u5224\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6[8]\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7f8e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u73b0\u4e13\u4e1a\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u80fd\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u66f4\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u60c5\u611f[9]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u77e5\u8bc6\u6539\u53d8\u77e5\u89c9\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b<\/strong>\uff08Top-down processing\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u76f4\u89c9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u54c1\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u6307\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5224\u65ad[10]\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u4f18\u96c5\u6216\u6df1\u523b\u7b49\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5ba1\u7f8e\u54c1\u8d28\u5374\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4e2d\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[11]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6444\u5f71\u9886\u57df\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5224\u65ad\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20[12]<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u4e48\u9488\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u629b\u5f00\u5bf9\u7ec6\u5206\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u9886\u57df\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u77e5\u89c9\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u6574\u4f53\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b\u65f6\uff0c\u77e5\u89c9\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u51e0\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u4e09\u7ef4\u7269\u4f53\uff08Geons\uff0c\u51e0\u4f55\u5b50\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\uff1a\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\uff0c\u5706\u9525\u4f53\u548c\u957f\u65b9\u4f53\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u628a\u7684\u624b\u63d0\u7bb1\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u957f\u65b9\u4f53\u548c\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206[13]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/section>\n

\u56fe7\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e09\u7ef4\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8bc6\u522b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u56fe\u5f62\u6574\u4f53\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u70b9\u3001\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u66f2\u9762\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u7279\u5f81\u68c0\u6d4b\u5668\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u4f1a\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5e76\u653e\u7535\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b80\u5355\u7387 <\/strong>\uff08Principle of Pragnanz\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u5927\u8111\u611f\u77e5\u73af\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u9009\u53d6\u6700\u7b80\u6d01-\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u91ca\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u52bf\u6548\u5e94<\/strong>\uff08\u542b\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5bdf\u89c9\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u6df1\u523b\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u590d\u6742\u56fe\u6848\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u5ba1\u7f8e\u77e5\u89c9\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6f14\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u5947\uff08\u65b0\u9896\u6027\uff09\u5c06\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u523b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u901a\u8fc7\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u662f\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6570\u5b66\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u827a\u672f\u5c24\u5176\u9020\u578b\u827a\u672f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u96d5\u5851\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u97f3\u4e50\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u58f0\u97f3\u53ea\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u90fd\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684 \u201cBouba-kiki \u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc790%\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230 Bouba \u548c kiki \u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8de8\u6a21\u6001\u62bd\u8c61\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143[14]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/section>\n

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\u56fe8\uff1a90%\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de6\u56fe\u5bf9\u5e94 kiki \u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe\u5bf9\u5e94 Bouba \u53d1\u97f3\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u8de8\u6a21\u6001\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e 90%\u7684\u4eba\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u5ba1\u7f8e\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u60f3\u8d77\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u5b9e\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bfc\u5411\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4ece\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5230\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u3001\u5230\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u6cf0\u683c\u9a6c\u514b\uff0c\u90fd\u6301\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5904\u4e8e\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7f8e\u4e0e\u771f\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u82f1\u56fd\u8bd7\u4eba\u6d4e\u6148\uff08John Keats\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u5373\u662f\u771f\uff0c\u771f\u5373\u662f\u7f8e\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u83b1\u8003\u592b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff08Cognitive linguistics\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u8111\u79cd\u79cd\u8303\u7574\u5316<\/strong>\uff08\u5927\u8111\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u201c\u805a\u7c7b\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8303\u7574\u662f\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\uff09\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u51e0\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u8c61\u56fe\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff08\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u539f\u56e0-\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4eba\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8eaf\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u201c\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u5bcc\u4e8e\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u201d[23]\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7c7b\u6bd4<\/strong>[24]\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u7a77\u65e0\u5c3d\u5bcc\u4e8e\u8bd7\u610f\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u548c\u9690\u55bb\u5728\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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2018 \u5e74\u6765\u534e\u7684\u300aGEB\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5411\u8bb0\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0a\u5f52\u7eb3\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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[1] Palmer et al.,2013<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] \u5728\u7ebf\u4f17\u5305\u5e73\u53f0 Amazon Mechanical Turk\uff0c\u6545\u540e\u9762\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a MT \u6837\u672c<\/p>\n

[3] Vessel&Rubin,2010<\/p>\n

[4] Axelsson,2007<\/p>\n

[5] Silvia,2013<\/p>\n

[6] Berlyne,1960<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] A Mathematician’s Apology,1940\u3002\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u4e3a\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8fa9\u767d\u300b<\/p>\n

[8] Chi et al., 1981; Medin et al., 1997<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] Fayn et al., 2018<\/p>\n

[10] Bonawitz & Lombrozo, 2012; Johnson, Johnston, et al., 2017; Johnson, Valenti, et al., 2017; Lombrozo, 2007<\/p>\n

[11] Brielmann & Pelli, 2017; Palmer et al., 2013; Vessel & Rubin, 2010<\/p>\n

[12] Blijlevens et al., 2017; Inglis & Aberdein, 2015<\/p>\n

[13] Galotti, K. M. (2014). Cognitive psychology in and out of the laboratory (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage<\/p>\n

[14] Ramachandran, 2007<\/p>\n

[15] Dutton, 2009; Hekkert, 2014; Pinker, 1997; Thornhill, 2003<\/p>\n

[16] Rhodes et al., 1998; Thornhill & Gangestad, 1993; cf. Reber, Schwarz, & Winkielman, 2004<\/p>\n

[17] Dutton, 2009; Orians & Heerwagen, 1992<\/p>\n

[18] Berlyne\uff0c1960; Boselie\uff06Leeuwenberg\uff0c1985; Hekkert\uff0c2014<\/p>\n

[19] Boyd & Richerson, 1985; Hekkert, 2014<\/p>\n

[20] Douven & Schupbach, 2015; Johnson, 2017; Lipton, 2004; Lombrozo, 2016<\/p>\n

[21] Johnson, Valenti, & Keil, 2017<\/p>\n

[22] Johnston, Sheskin, Johnson, & Keil, 2018<\/p>\n

[23] \u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u83b1\u8003\u592b\uff0c\u300a\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u706b\u4e0e\u5371\u9669\u4e8b\u7269\uff1a<\/span>\u8303\u7574\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u300b<\/span><\/p>\n

[24] \u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\uff0c\u300a\u8868\u8c61\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28\u300b<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8QQ\u7fa4\uff5c877391004<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u25c6<\/span>\u25c6<\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n
\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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