{"id":1767,"date":"2018-06-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-31T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-05T18:03:24","modified_gmt":"2018-12-05T10:03:24","slug":"%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%ef%bc%9aug-%e7%8c%9c%e6%83%b3%e8%af%81%e6%98%8e%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b0%e7%aa%81%e7%a0%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=1767","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u524d\u6cbf\uff1aUG \u731c\u60f3\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65b0\u7a81\u7834"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

 
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\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u731c\u60f3\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u5411\u8bc1\u660e UG \u731c\u60f3\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4eca\u5e741\u6708\u4efd\u5728\u7ebf\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97UG\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5411\u524d\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002UG \u731c\u60f3\u5373 Unique Games Conjecture\uff0c\u8be5\u731c\u60f3\u662f\u7531\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Subhash Khot \u57282002\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aUG \u731c\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u65f6\uff0cSubhash Khot \u6b63\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

UG \u731c\u60f3\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\uff1aSubhash Khot<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aQuanta Magazine<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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UG \u731c\u60f3\uff08\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8272\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u731c\u60f3\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u5bf9\u6ce1\u6cab\u51e0\u4f55\uff08geometry of foams\uff09\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff08stability of election systems\uff09\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u5c06\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\uff08network-coloring\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u72ec\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u4e00\u7fa4\u5a5a\u793c\u5609\u5bbe\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\u504f\u597d\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5a01\u8328\u66fc\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Irit Dinur \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u80fd\u88ab\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6b64\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bc1\u660e UG \u731c\u60f3\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002 \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd8\u66fe\u6697\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>Dor Menzer \u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bc1\u4f2a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d<\/span>Dor Menzer \u662f<\/span>\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e Khot \u548c\u540c\u6821\u7684 Muli Safra \u6559\u6388\u4e00\u8d77\u662f\u524d\u9762\u56db\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005<\/span>\uff08<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e09\u4eba<\/span>\u4e0e Dinur <\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u81ea\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Guy Kindler \u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e86\u3002 \u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Boaz Barak \u66fe\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6000\u7591\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bc1\u660e UG \u731c\u60f3\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u6700\u6709\u529b<\/span>\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c \u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u632f\u594b\u4eba\u5fc3\uff01<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Boaz Barak<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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2.\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5bfb\u627e\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Khot \u5728\u6784\u5efa UG \u731c\u60f3\u65f6\uff08\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u666e\u901a\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6309\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u56fe\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u201d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u8272\u3002 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u79cd\u6216\u4e09\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u989c\u8272\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8272\u7684\u56fe\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u4f18\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848(\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u989c\u8272\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u7740\u8272)\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f NP \u5b8c\u5168\u7684\uff08NP-complete problem)\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5176\u627e\u5230\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6c42\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u4e3e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u8981\u7740\u8272\u7684\u56fe\u5f88\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u86ee\u529b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

NP \u95ee\u9898\u3001P \u95ee\u9898\u548c NPC \u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n

P\uff08Polynomially\uff09\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f97\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

NP \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f97\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ea\u6709 NP \u95ee\u9898\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7ea7\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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NPC \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6240\u6709 NP \u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea6\u5316\uff08Reducibility\uff09\u5230 NPC \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u65e0\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7ea7\u7684\u6709<\/span>\u6548\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9636\u4e58\u7ea7\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b NP \u5b8c\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff08NPC \u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u800c<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e NPC \u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u957f\u4f1a\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u751a\u81f3\u9636\u4e58\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n


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\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c NPC \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.matrix67.com\/blog\/archives\/105<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u989c\u8272\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u989c\u8272\u66f4\u591a\u5462\uff1f \u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u7740\u8272\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528100\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u3002 \u4f60\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u989c\u8272\u8868\uff0c\u6765\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8272\uff1f Khot \u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Khot \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3 Unique Games \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u548c UG \u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e3a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u70b9\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u7279\u6b8a\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7740\u8272\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3002\u800c UG \u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7740\u8272\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5a5a\u793c\u4e0a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\u9700\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u7740\u8272\u89c4\u5219\u3002 \uff08Unique Games \u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e A \u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982 B\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u90e8\u5206\u7ea6\u675f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e C \u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848 D\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u52a0\u7c97\u8fde\u8fb9\u4ee5\u5916\u4e09\u6761\u8fb9\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u6ee1\u8db375%\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aWikipedia<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u7740\u8272\u89c4\u5219\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u96be\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\u572899%\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u5730\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u8981\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u8ba9\u5269\u4e0b1%\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6210\u529f\u7740\u8272\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f46 Khot \u6000\u7591\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5df2\u7ecf\u670999%\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u627e\u5230\u8ba9\u5269\u4e0b1%\u8282\u70b9\u6210\u529f\u7740\u8272\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u3002\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fe\u90fd\u627e\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u4ed6\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5957\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u56fe\u4e0a99.9999\uff05\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u7740\u8272\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u8ba9\u5269\u4e0b0.0001\uff05\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u591a\u5c0f\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aQuanta Magazine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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Khot \u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9 UG \u731c\u60f3\u505a\u63a8\u5e7f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdc\u8d85\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u3002 Khot \u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728 2008 \u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7684 Prasad Raghavendra \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679cUG\u731c\u60f3\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u534a\u5b9a\u89c4\u5212\uff08semidefinite programming\uff09\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201c\u7ea6\u675f\u8865\u507f\u95ee\u9898\u201d<\/strong>\uff08constraint satisfaction problems<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5f53\u4f60\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u7684 Prasad Raghavendra<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u5c06\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201dBarak \u8bf4\u9053\u3002 \u4f46\u662f Raghavendra \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c UG \u731c\u60f3\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u662f\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u2014\u2014\u534a\u5b9a\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

Irit Dinur\uff1a<\/span>\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u627e\u5230\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u7231\u6240\u5728<\/span>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u65af\u6c40\u5206\u6821\u7684 Dana Moshkovitz \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u5728 Raghavendra \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9 UG \u731c\u60f3\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4fe1\u534a\u5b9a\u89c4\u5212\u80fd\u591f\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u201d\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u65af\u6c40\u5206\u6821\u7684 Dana Moshkovitz \u8bf4\u9053\u3002 \u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u547d\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

Dana Moshkovitz<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7591\u8651\u53d7\u5230\u4e86 UG \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cKhot \u7684\u731c\u60f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fe\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u627e\u5230\u8ba999\uff05\u8282\u70b9\u6ee1\u8db3\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u5269\u4e0b\u76841\uff05\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7740\u8272\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b66\u96be\u9898\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6574\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u65f6\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5927\u7d20\u6570\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u627e\u51fa\u6b8b\u5dee\u5206\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

2010\u5e74\uff0cBarak \u4e0e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Sanjeev Arora \u548c\u745e\u58eb\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684 David Steurer \u4e00\u8d77\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 UG \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u6b21\u6307\u6570\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08sub exponential algorithm\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\n

\u6b21\u6307\u6570\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u5f97\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u660e\u663e\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6307\u6570\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

David Steurer<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u86ee\u529b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u5e26\u6765\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6307\u6570\u201d\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f2^n\u62163^n\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u75283\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u4e3an\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u67093^n\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7740\u8272\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u8017\u65f6\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684n\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u6307\u6570\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8en\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662fn\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u6bd4\u86ee\u529b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u5feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7ea7\u522b\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982n^2\u6216n^3\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728 UG \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6b21\u6307\u6570\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u81f3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c’\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u52a0\u628a\u52b2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c’\u201d\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Ryan O’Donnell \u8bf4\u9053\u3002\u8981\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff0cUG \u731c\u60f3\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Ryan O’Donnell <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

O’Donnell \u56de\u987e\u4e862014\u5e74\u5728\u9996\u5c14\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5348\u9910\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u6295\u7968\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0cKhot \u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u5948\u671b\u6797\u7eb3\u5956\uff08Rolf Nevanlinna Prize\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u9ad8\u8363\u8a89\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u5728 UG \u731c\u60f3\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5f53 O’ Donnell \u95ee\u8c01\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u548c Khot \u4e3e\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

O’ Donnell \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97 Khot \u56e0 UG \u731c\u60f3\u83b7\u5956\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u5728\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n
\n
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3.\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u56db\u7bc7\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8d56\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Barak\uff0cSteurer \u548c Pravesh Kothari \u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u53ca Moshkovitz \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a UG \u731c\u60f3\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bc1\u636e\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86 \u201c2-2 Games\u201d \u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u3002\u6240\u8c13 \u201c2-2 Games\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u4f60\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aQuanta Magazine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u5c55\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8<\/span> <\/span>Barak<\/span> <\/span>\u5173\u4e8e<\/span> <\/span>UG<\/span> <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002 \u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u731c\u60f3<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684<\/span>\u5219<\/span>\u662f<\/span>\u9519\u8bef<\/span>\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4<\/span>\u9053<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53<\/span>\u800c\u8a00<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Khot \u5bf9\u201c2-2\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684<\/span>\u65b0<\/span>\u8bc1\u660e<\/span>\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e<\/span> <\/span>UG<\/span> <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002 \u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c2-2\u201d\u56fe\u53d8\u6210<\/span> UG <\/span>\u56fe<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e22\u5f03\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e24\u79cd\u989c\u8272<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u4e00<\/span>\u4e2a<\/span>\u3002 \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c<\/span>\u4f60<\/span>\u7684\u7740\u8272<\/span>\u80fd<\/span>\u7b26\u54082-2<\/span>\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8<\/span>\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5219\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7740\u8272\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span>\u4f60\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684<\/span> UG <\/span>\u7ea650\uff05<\/span>\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\u5173\u8054<\/span>\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u201c2-2\u201d\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d<\/span>\u56f0<\/span>\u96be<\/span>\u3002\u6269\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u201c2-2\u201d\u8bc1\u660e<\/span>\u4ee5<\/span>\u8868<\/span>\u660e<\/span>\u5728<\/span> UG <\/span>\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c<\/span>\u4f60<\/span>\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u81f3\u5c1149\uff05\u7740\u8272\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7740\u8272\u7684\u56fe\uff08 \u621649.9999\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f4e\u4e8e50\uff05\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u5b57\uff09\uff0c<\/span>\u5219<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u80fd<\/span>\u603b\u662f<\/span>\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u89c4\u52191\uff05\u62160.0001\uff05\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u7740\u8272\u3002 \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span> UG <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd150\uff05\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u51e0\u4e4e<\/span>\u5168\u90e8<\/span>\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u56fe\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u9879\u6700\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cO’Donnell \u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d8b\u52bf\u6b63\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u50cf UG \u731c\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u50cf<\/span> UG <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u96be\u9898<\/span>\uff0c\u73b0\u5728<\/span>\u7528\u6b21<\/span>\u6307\u6570\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span>\u5c31\u80fd<\/span>\u5904\u7406<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span>\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\u8005\u770b\u6765<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Khot \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u96be\u9898\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\u3002 <\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u90fd<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u8981\u4e48<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u9760\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8<\/span>\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span>\u5feb\u901f\u89e3\u51b3<\/span>\uff0c\u8981\u4e48<\/span>\u5f97\u7528<\/span>\u86ee\u529b<\/span>\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u7684<\/span>\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span>\u624d\u80fd\u5904\u7406<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u800c Khot \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\u8868\u660e<\/span>\uff0cUG \u731c\u60f3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8fd9<\/span>\u4e24<\/span>\u8005<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span>\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u662f\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u3002<\/span> \u201c<\/span>UG \u731c\u60f3\u663e\u7136\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e26\uff0c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>O\u2019Donnell <\/span>\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Irit Dinur\uff0c\u5c31\u804c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9b4f\u8328\u66fc\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u6b63\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3 UG\u731c\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8bb8<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u6700\u4ee4<\/span> <\/span>Khot<\/span> <\/span>\u5174\u594b\u7684\u662f\uff0c2-2<\/span> Games <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u8bc1\u660e<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u751f<\/span>\u65f6\u66fe\u7740\u8ff7<\/span>\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f31\u5316\u7248<\/span>\u672c<\/span>\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e<\/span>\u589e\u52a0<\/span>\u989c<\/span>\u8272<\/span>\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\u540e\u662f<\/span>\u5426<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709<\/span>\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u56fe\u5f62\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8272\u3002 \uff08\u7b54\u6848<\/span>\u57fa<\/span>\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\uff09\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u5728\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u201d<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Khot<\/span> <\/span>\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f<\/span> <\/span>Dor Minzer<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u5353\u8bc6<\/span>\u3002 Khot<\/span> <\/span>\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cDor<\/span> <\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u4f19\u5f88\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ed6<\/span>\u624d<\/span>\u662f\u6574<\/span>\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span>\u5e08\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\u5bf9<\/span>\u89e3\u51b3\u50cf<\/span> UG <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837<\/span>\u8457<\/span>\u540d<\/span>\u800c<\/span>\u68d8\u624b<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span> <\/span>Minzer<\/span> <\/span>\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00<\/span>\u79cd\u987e\u8651<\/span>\u3002 \u201c\u6211\u7684<\/span>\u60f3\u6cd5<\/span>\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u673a\u4f1a<\/span>\u4e0e\u6211\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c<\/span>\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6709<\/span>\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c<\/span>\u5e76\u4e14\u53bb<\/span>\u770b\u770b\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4<\/span>\u9053<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

1\u6708\u4efd<\/span>\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7bc7\u6784\u6210\u4e86<\/span> <\/span>2-2<\/span> Games <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684<\/span>\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95<\/span>\u5ba1\u9605<\/span>\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u50cf<\/span> <\/span>Barak<\/span> <\/span>\u548c<\/span> <\/span>Dinur<\/span> <\/span>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458<\/span>\u5219<\/span>\u786e\u4fe1\u5176<\/span>\u5927\u65b9\u5411<\/span>\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002 <\/span>Barak<\/span> <\/span>\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u8bba<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e2d\u6700<\/span>\u5177<\/span>\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7<\/span>\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u3001<\/span>\u4ed6\u66fe\u4ed4\u7ec6\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fc7<\/span>\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d<\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u6781<\/span>\u5177\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b83\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177……<\/span>\u719f\u6089\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005<\/span>\u4f1a<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u201d \u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u5c01\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\u3002 \u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span>\u975e\u5e38<\/span>\u575a\u5b9e<\/span>\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/span>\u70b9<\/span>\u662f\u627e\u5230 Unique Games <\/span>\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u201c<\/span>Grassmann <\/span>\u56fe\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u7f16\u7801\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bf9\u8c61)<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c<\/span>\u4f46\u8fd9<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\u4ecd<\/span>\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5<\/span>\u89e3\u51b3<\/span>\u5b8c\u6574\u7684<\/span> <\/span>UG<\/span> <\/span>\u731c\u60f3\u3002 \u201c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9<\/span>\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u4e50\u89c2\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u6761\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u2014\u2014<\/span>UG \u731c\u60f3\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u201dO’Donnell<\/span> <\/span>\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u65b0<\/span>\u8def\u5f84<\/span>\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/span>\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb<\/span>\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u975e<\/span>\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u3002 <\/span>Barak<\/span> \u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span> <\/span>UG<\/span> <\/span>\u731c\u60f3<\/span>\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u6301\u7eed\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c<\/span>\u4f46\u5728\u5c06\u6765<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83<\/span>\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u89e3<\/span>\u7b54<\/span>\u3002Khot \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88<\/span>\u6709<\/span>\u5e0c\u671b<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/strong>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/eccc.weizmann.ac.il\/report\/2018\/006\/<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
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\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u738b\u8d1d\u8d1d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ba1\u6821\uff1a\u7ae0\u5f66\u535a\uff0c\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u5c0f\u98ce<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/computer-scientists-close-in-on-unique-games-conjecture-proof-20180424\/<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9608\u503c\u4e0e\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e <\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 \u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u535a\u5f08<\/a> <\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nature\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u8f66\u961f\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf | \u5f20\u6c5f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u4e0e\u7269\u7406 | \u7ae0\u5f66\u535a<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u65b0\u5566\uff01<\/a><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n


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\"\u96c6\u667a\"
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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\u96c6\u667aQQ\u7fa4\uff5c292641157
\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\uff5czhangqian@swarma.org
\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cwangting@swarma.org<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n

\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\u96c6\u667a\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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