{"id":18060,"date":"2020-01-06T19:41:12","date_gmt":"2020-01-10T07:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18060"},"modified":"2020-01-10T15:16:59","modified_gmt":"2020-01-10T07:16:59","slug":"60103d634f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18060","title":{"rendered":"\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<section >\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;\"><img class=\" aligncenter\"         style=\"color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 11pt;width: 558px;height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma2-1578640611.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section    mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin-left: 1em;color: rgb(105, 13, 3);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.4;border-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"border-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"padding: 0.2em 0.5em;border-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;border-radius: 0.3em;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u5bfc\u8bed<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin-top: -0.7em;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);border-radius: 0.4em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"padding: 1.4em 1em 1em;border-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"font-weight: inherit;text-align: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;border-color: rgb(105, 13, 3);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color:#888888;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08<span style=\"font-family: arial;font-size: 13px;text-align: start;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">New England Complex Systems Institute, NECSI<\/span>\uff09\u7684 Yaneer Bar-Yam\uff08\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u53ca\u6240\u957f\uff09\u548c Alexander F. Siegenfeld \u8fd1\u671f\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color:#888888;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color:#888888;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8fd9\u7bc7\u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6570\u5b66\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u5168\u6587\uff0c\u4f9b\u5404\u9886\u57df\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6148\u5584\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section   style=\"letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 10px auto;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-left: 2px;border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);width: 361.39px;height: 5px;text-align: center;color: inherit;background-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 3px;margin-left: 3px;padding: 20px;box-shadow: rgb(227, 223, 223) 0px 0px 4px;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 16px;\"><strong>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section  style=\"border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);color: inherit;font-size: 14px;\">\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;\"><strong style=\"color: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.54px;\">\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(131, 13, 0);color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span ><\/p>\n<p line=\"LOWm\" class=\"ql-long-14105382\" style=\"line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\"><span class=\"ql-author-14105382\" line-inline=\"fhlc\">  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" aligncenter\"     height=\"auto\" width=\"900\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma7-1578640611.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p line=\"LOWm\" class=\"ql-long-14105382\" style=\"line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\"><span class=\"ql-author-14105382\" line-inline=\"fhlc\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/section>\n<blockquote class=\"js_blockquote_wrap\"     >\n<section class=\"js_blockquote_digest\">\n<section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\">\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\">An Introduction to Complex Systems Science and its Applications<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\">\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\">https:\/\/necsi.edu\/an-introduction-to-complex-systems-science-and-its-applications<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<section  mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5f88\u591a\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u6240\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5047\u8bbe\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f17\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u73af\u5883\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u662f\u6765\u79d1\u666e\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8ba9\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u61c2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\"  mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0px 30px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\"  mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"  mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u867d\u7136\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5047\u8bbe\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u540e\u679c\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5468\u8fb9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u52a8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u7b2cII \u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2cIII \u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u6807\u51c6\u5047\u8bbe\u4f55\u65f6\u9002\u7528\u4f55\u65f6\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\uff09\u3002\u7b2cIV \u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u6548\u5e72\u9884\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\u901a\u5e38\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u7b2cV\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;display: inline;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"display: inline;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"display: inline-block;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;\"><strong style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;\"><strong style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\uff08BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS SCIENCE\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section  style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;display: inline;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">A. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\uff08Why complex systems science\uff09?<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u591a\u6784\u6210\u7ec4\u5143\uff08components\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u6781\u5e7f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u90a3\u6837\u5173\u6ce8\u6784\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u5143\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u5143\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5217\u5206\u5c5e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5982\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u79d1\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u96ea\u82b1\u3001\u70ae\u5f39\u5f39\u9053\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u5206\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u4ece\u6a2a\u5411\u4e0a\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u7fa4\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u4e00\u7fa4\u751f\u7269\u3001\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec4\u5143\u672c\u8eab[1]\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\uff08\u548c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u9510\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[1]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6709\u9650\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u5fae\u89c2\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f6\u79cd\u5938\u514b\u548c6\u79cd\u8f7b\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u690d\u7269\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u4e5f\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u597d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u666e\u9002\u6027 (Universal-Examples of Behaviorsity)[2]\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u523b\u753b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c14\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u523b\u753b\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bb9\u6613\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6027\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u71b5 (entropy) \u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 (complexity) \u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u4e49\u71b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[2]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u65b9\u798f\u5eb7\u6559\u6388\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u201c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u7a81\u53d8\u3001\u5206\u53c9\u3001\u6df7\u6c8c\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u5373\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u518d\u6b21\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u767d\u8681\u4f5c\u7a9d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u751f\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7adf\u4e0e\u5355\u6a21\u6fc0\u5149\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<p line=\"VUAS\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"auto\" width=\"1016\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma2-1578640612.jpg\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong>\u56fe 1. \u4e09\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56fe\u4e0a\u6bcf\u5217\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u76f8\u540c\u7ec4\u5143\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u5143\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u968f\u673a\uff08random\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u76f8\u5e72\uff08coherent\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u5143\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u70ae\u5f39\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u5173\uff08correlated\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u90fd\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u7247\u96ea\u82b1\u67d0\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u4f1a\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u51b3\u5b9a\u53e6\u5916\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">B. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 (What is complexity)<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u957f\u5ea6\uff08length of its description\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u706f\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u5f00\u6216\u8005\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff080 \u6216\u8005 1\uff09\u3002\u800c 2 \u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a 4 \u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f 00\u300101\u300110 \u548c 11\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 3 \u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u533a\u5206 8 \u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u4e3a C=log2 (N)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dN\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7528\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u5e73\u5747\u63cf\u8ff0\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a<strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927<\/strong>\uff08the greater the number of possible behaviors, the greater the complexity\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u706f\u6ce1\u7684\u660e\u6697\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5173\u5fc3\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u706f\u6ce1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u706f\u6ce1\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u8981\u5927\u5f88\u591a[3]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e2a 4 \u9879\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u9898\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u641e\u5b9a\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0 4 \u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u96be\u5ea6\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u9879\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u591a\u9879\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u7ed9\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[3]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u770b\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u5668\u4fee\u7406\u5de5\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5f04\u6e05\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\u635f\u574f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">C. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08What is a complex system\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f53\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u76f8\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff1f\u540e\u8005\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u71b5\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u5e8f\u5ea6\uff08disorder\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6784\u6210\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u673a\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u6c14\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\u4f53\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c14\u4f53\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u690d\u7269\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u71b5\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u662f\u5426\u4f4e\u71b5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff01\u65e0\u5e8f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u5143\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u50cf\u56fe1 \u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\u8fd9\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8fd9\u513f\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u660e\u767d\u7cfb\u7edf\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c3a\u5ea6 (scale)\u3002\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u6bd4\u4eba\u4f53\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u8981\u6bd4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ea\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6c14\u4f53\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u5f3a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u559c\u6012\u54c0\u4e50\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u4eba\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u79cd\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u71b5\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u523b\u753b\uff08characterizing\uff09\u9700\u8981\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u56fe2\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08complexity profile\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u7b49\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8026\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ec4\u5143\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<p line=\"fNcZ\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"auto\" width=\"1010\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma6-1578640613.png\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 2. \u968f\u673a\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u548c\u76f8\u5e72\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u968f\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5927\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3002\u76f8\u5e72\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u968f\u7740\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u968f\u673a (random) \u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u65f6\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fc5\u901f\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u800c\u76f8\u5e72 (coherent) \u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ae\u5f39\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u70ae\u5f39\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6240\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u5173 (correlated) \u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5730\u52c9\u5f3a\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u6e05\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4ec0\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u9760\u8fd1\u7ec6\u8282\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u6709\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6709\u56db\u80a2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u9762\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u624b\u6307\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u52a8\u4f5c\u7b49\uff0c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u518d\u5c0f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5230\u8fbe DNA \u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u89c2\u5bdf\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u8d8a\u7ec6\u5fae\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c42\u6b21\u8d8a\u4f4e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8[4]\u3002\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5448\u73b0\u9012\u51cf\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u53d8\uff09\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728 s \u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"40px\" width=\"188px\" style=\"color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 14.6667px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma8-1578640613.png\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5176\u4e2d A \u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b50\u96c6\uff0cI(A|B) \u8868\u793a B \u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b A \u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f (multivariate mutual information)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><\/p>\n<p line=\"ydlR\" style=\"line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[4]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5668\u4fee\u7406\u5de5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u5c42\u6b21\u5c31\u8981\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4f4e\uff0c\u4fee\u7406\u5de5\u9664\u4e86\u5224\u65ad\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u80fd\u5426\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fee\u7406\u5de5\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">D. \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\uff08tradeoffs between complexity and scale\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9700\u8981\u5e8f\uff08order\uff09\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u786e\u5b9e\u6d89\u53ca\u71b5\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<strong>\u5373\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u4e2a\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u89c2\u5173\u8054\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4f4e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u51cf\u5c11\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8bb2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5143\u96c6\u5408\u53ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5f15\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u8fd9\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5148\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u513f\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u751f\u4ea7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u6709\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u673a\u5668\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u4f7f\u5de5\u5382\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u89c4\u6a21\u8981\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a[5]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[5]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u603b\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d89\u730e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u6613\u6d45\u5c1d\u8f84\u6b62\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u83b7\u5f97\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff1b<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u4ed6\/\u5979\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u9886\u57df\u94bb\u7814\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5173\u9010\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5f62\u6210\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u6210\u679c\u96c6\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><\/p>\n<p line=\"Xhq3\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"auto\" width=\"982\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma1-1578640614.png\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 3. \u5de5\u5382\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u54c1\u79cd\u7c7b\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u91cf\u5c11\u4f46\u79cd\u7c7b\u591a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\uff08\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff09\u5c0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\uff08\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff09\u5927\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u9002\u5e94\uff08adaptive\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u6548\u7387\uff08effective\uff09\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u3002\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u5b8c\u6210\u65e2\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd<strong>\u6709\u6548\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u6216\u8005\u73af\u5883\u672a\u6765\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u9ad8\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u529f\u80fd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c06\u8d85\u8fc7\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u6709\u8fc7\u591a\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u505a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u8ba9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u534f\u4f5c\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\uff01\u4f46\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u4f4e\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u9762\u5bf9\u591a\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65b0\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u6709\u5bb3\u53cd\u9988\u73af\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4ece\u4f17\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e0d\u826f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u65e0\u8bba\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u51cf\u5c0f\u5176\u4e2d\u7ec4\u6210\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90e8\u5206\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u800c\u6362\u53d6\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">E. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u590d\u6742\uff08Why be complex\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5fc5\u8981\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6cd5\u5219 (Law of Requisite Variety) \u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u8db3\u591f\u201c\u590d\u6742\u201d\u5f97\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u82e5\u73af\u5883\u6709 100 \u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7b54\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u6709 10 \u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684[6]<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[6]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u6781\u7aef\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u754c\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u7b54\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u5728\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u603b\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u65b9\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5927\u4e8e\u56de\u7b54\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u5e94\u5bf9\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<p line=\"2CHY\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"565px\" width=\"476px\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma3-1578640614.png\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 4. \u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u53ea\u519b\u961f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u9876\u90e8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u652f\u519b\u961f\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u89c4\u6a21\uff08\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u66f4\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e2d\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u652f\u519b\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4e0b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e24\u652f\u519b\u961f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u91cf\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u5730\u5f62\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5e7f\u9614\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u5730\u9762\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5c71\u533a\u4e1b\u6797\u5730\u5e26\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b8c\u5584\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6cd5\u5219\uff1a<strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u5b83\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5728\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong>\u5982\u56fe4\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e24\u652f\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5bf9\u65b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7b54\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u652f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u90fd\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff09\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u7684\u519b\u961f\u83b7\u80dc\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u652f\u519b\u961f\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u5982\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u6b66\u529b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u6bd4\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u673a\u52a8\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\uff09\uff0c\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53d6\u80dc\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u519b\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u519b\u961f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u4e24\u519b\u60c5\u51b5\u50cf\u56fe4\u4e2d\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u5b50\u56fe\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5c0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5927\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5730\u5f62\uff08\u6b64\u65f6\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6216\u89c4\u6a21\u5c06\u88ab\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u5e7f\u9614\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u82e5\u5728\u5c71\u533a\u4e1b\u6797\uff0c\u5728\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c0f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5927\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u8d62\u3002\u7f8e\u519b\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\uff0c\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u961f\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u4e2a\u6848\u6cbb\u7597\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u5177\u4f53\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u4f46\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u800c\u63a5\u79cd\u514d\u75ab\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u5f81[7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[7]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u4f20\u5a92\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bb6\u6559\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u57f9\u8bad\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u4f4e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u7075\u6d3b\u5ea6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5219\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f46\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c31\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u5143\u533a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u5373\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u9047\u963b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u4f30\u8ba1\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u968f\u7740\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u6709\u5173\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u71b5\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u71b5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u5bf9\u76f8\u53d8\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u786e\u5b9a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76f8\u53d8\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u6216\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u7ea0\u6b63\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u574f\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u8005\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5e2e\u52a9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u987a\u5e26\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7279\u70b9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u804a\uff1b\u82e5\u73af\u5883\u592a\u590d\u6742\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">F. \u5206\u5757\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Subdivided system\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u642c\u52a8 100 \u65a4\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u4e00\u8d77\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u5e72\u6d3b\u800c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u5bf9\u3002\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u642c\u8d70\u4e24\u4e2a\u5404 200 \u65a4\u7684\u6c99\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u80fd\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a 4 \u4eba\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5bf9\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u8d77\u642c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c99\u53d1\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u5bf9\u670b\u53cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u53bb\u642c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c99\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u642c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c99\u53d1\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6309\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u642c\u4e0d\u52a8\u6c99\u53d1\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u867d\u7136\u4e24\u5bf9\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u642c\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c99\u53d1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u670b\u53cb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6c99\u53d1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5212\u5206\u662f\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6c99\u53d1\u9700\u8981 200 \u65a4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 100 \u65a4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff08subdivision mismatch\uff09\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u591a\u5c42\u7684\u5206\u5757\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u7c7b\u3001\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u7b49\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u91cf\u8868\u793a\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u96c6\u5408\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7ec6\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7ec6\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u679c\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u7b49\uff09\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u6216\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014<strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5176\u73af\u5883\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u96c6\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u884c\u4e3a\u5404\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8981\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5339\u914d\u8981\u6c42\u524d\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u6709\u548c\u540e\u8005\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u826f\u597d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u72ec\u7acb\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u505a\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u6b64\u7c7b\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5212\u5206\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5757\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5757\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u53d6\u5206\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u73af\u5883\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5212\u5206\u8981\u6bd4\u91c7\u7528\u589e\u52a0\u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c[8]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[8]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4efb\u52a1\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u79ef\u6781\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">G. \u5c42\u7ea7\u6027\uff08Hierarchies\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6a2a\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u5143\u90fd\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\uff09\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e0b\u3002\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7d27\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08rigidity\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\u90fd\u7531\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u505a\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5c42\u7ea7\uff09\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u662f\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u6b64\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6bd4\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u5206\u522b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<p line=\"fNcZ\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"auto\" width=\"1010\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma8-1578640615.png\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 5. \u4e24\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u603b\u4eba\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7531\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u5de5\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u89c4\u6a21\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u505a\u51fa\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6ca1\u6709\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6784\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u9700\u8981\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u7d27\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u9876\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08top-heavy\uff09\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e95\u5c42\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u677e\u63a7\u5236\uff08loose 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50 \u4e2a\u5dde\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f4e\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u57ce\u5e02-\u4e61\u6751\u5212\u5206\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5dde\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 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economies\uff09\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u56e2\u4f53\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5f04\u6e05\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4eba\u8111\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u73af\u5883\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u73af\u5883\u90fd\u5177\u6709 10 \u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u603b\u6570\u6709 3,628,800\uff0810 \u7684\u9636\u4e58\uff09\u79cd\u3002\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u884c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4ece 3,628,800 \u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6311\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6bd4\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u51b3\u7b56\u7a7a\u95f4\u8981\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u524d\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u53ea\u6709\u5782\u76f4\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u82e5\u52a0\u5165\u6a2a\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba9\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\u8981\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u4e0e\u5dde\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e92\u52a8\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u501f\u9274\u597d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6559\u8bad\u9884\u9632\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5982\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u91c7\u7528\uff09\u8981\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4f53\u5355\u5143\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u90fd\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u5c42\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u91cd\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fc7\u5f3a\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fae\u89c2\u4e2a\u4f53\u4eec\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7f8a\u7fa4\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u800c\u8fc7\u5f31\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2a\u4f53\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<h1>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u3001\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\uff08ANALYZING COMPLEX SYSTEMS\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u591a\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1 \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2 \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3 \u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7814\u7a76\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">A. \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08How do we understand any system\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u201d(separation of scales) \u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5982\u56fe6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u8ba8\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5b83\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\uff08mean-field theory\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u76f8\u4e92\u7edf\u8ba1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u52a8(statistically independent random fluctuations)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u98de\u673a\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u5916\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5728\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5206\u6790\u751f\u7269\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<p line=\"b2ek\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"349px\" width=\"545px\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma4-1578640615.png\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 6. \u5177\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u8981\u6c42\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7279\u5f81\u5c3a\u5ea6 s0 \u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u679c\u624d\u662f\u548c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">B. \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u5931\u6548\uff08When mean-field theory breaks down\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5176\u7ec4\u5143\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u8981\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0a\u770b\u4f4e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u8981\u8fd1\u4f3c\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5143\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9002\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u573a\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u56fa\u4f53\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u56fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u8d28\u5fc3\uff09\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u5408\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff08\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4ea4\u4e92\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u808c\u8089\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5927\u81f4\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u504f\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u590d\u6742\u751f\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u751f\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u76f8\u53d8\uff08phase transitions\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7fa4\uff08renormalization group\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5728\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7edf\u8ba1\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6216\u504f\u79bb\uff08\ufb02uctuations\uff09\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u68ee\u6797\u706b\u707e\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u6d41\u4f20\u751a\u5e7f\u7684\u865a\u5047\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u6ce2\u52a8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4ea7\u751f\u96c6\u4f53\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e00\u79cd\u5c0f\u6270\u52a8\u4f1a\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u4ed6\/\u5979\u542c\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u65f6\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u63d0\u9632\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669[9]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[9]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u501f\u8d37\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5feb\u901f\u5e94\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">C. \u80a5\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\uff08Fat-tailed distributions and systemic risk\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u5143\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u5e45\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u949f\u5f62\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6781\u9650\u5b9a\u7406\u6240\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff0c\u504f\u79bb\u5747\u503c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6781\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff08astronomically improbable\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u7ec4\u5143\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08extreme event\uff09\u867d\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6bd4\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8981\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u80a5\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u6216\u539a\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u56fe7\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u670d\u4ece\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5e73\u5747\u8eab\u9ad8\u7684 2 \u500d\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\uff1b\u4f46\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u5e03\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u80a5\u5c3e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684 1 \u4e07\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a[10]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[10]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u968f\u673a\u50a8\u84c4\u7387\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u968f\u673a\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u8f6c\u79fb\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<p line=\"Ih4a\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height: 1.7;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;font-size: 11pt;color: #494949;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\"     height=\"auto\" width=\"757\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma9-1578640616.png\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 7. \u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u7ec6\u5c3e\uff09\u548c\u5e42\u5f8b\u8870\u51cf\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u80d6\u5c3e\uff09\u3002\u80d6\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u7387\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u7aef\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u80d6\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u4ea4\u5927\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u7aef\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7b49\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e07\u500d\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5bff\u547d\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u7684\u8f74\u662f\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u56fe\u793a\u7684\u80a5\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff080.04\uff05\uff09\u5230\u5728 100 \u4e07\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b \u6211\u4eec\u6709100 \u4e2a\u68af\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u68af\u5b50\u90fd\u6709 1\/10 \u6ed1\u5012\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u68af\u5b50\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u68af\u5b50\u6ed1\u5012\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u6781\u5176\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u8981\u6bd4\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u521a\u597d\u9009\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\u7684 1020 \u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u500d\u8fd8\u5c0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6240\u6709\u68af\u5b50\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e2a\u68af\u5b50\u6ed1\u5012\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u90fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u771f\u7684\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u68af\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u5012\u4e0b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u573a\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u51fa\u884c\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u5982\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6d41\u611f\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5177\u6709\u80d6\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u80d6\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u4e25\u91cd\u4f4e\u4f30\u6781\u7aef\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u80d6\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u671f\u671b\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u53ef\u9760\u4f30\u8ba1[11]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[11]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u636e\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4ece\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u671f\u671b\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u504f\u5c0f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">D.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;\">\uff08Understanding complex systems\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u6536\u96c6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8981\u6bd4\u6536\u96c6\u7ec4\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\uff082\uff09\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u4e25\u91cd\u4f4e\u4f30\u6781\u7aef\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u5c3e\u90e8\u98ce\u9669\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\uff083\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\uff08linearity\uff09\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u7ec4\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u603b\u5f71\u54cd\u7b49\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u6070\u6070\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5982\u679c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5143\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u8db3\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\uff08\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6781\u9650\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u58f0\u97f3\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u64ad\u58f0\u6ce2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u58f0\u97f3\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0e\u58f0\u6ce2\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u7574\uff08length scale\uff09\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u5355\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u8005\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u58f0\u6ce2\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u5747\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5e73\u5747\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u8054\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u539f\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ec6\u8282\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u58f0\u6ce2\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8f83\u4f4e\u9891\u7387\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5e45\u5ea6\uff09\u6ce2\u52a8\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8f83\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5e45\u5ea6\uff09\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Lim \u7b49\u4eba\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u79cd\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u56fe8\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5206\u6790\u79cd\u65cf\u66b4\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u66b4\u529b\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u673a\u5236\u6216\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5e73\u5747\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u5728\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u683c\u5c40\uff08multiscale patterns\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9694\u79bb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u79cd\u65cf\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u66b4\u529b\u53ea\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4eba\u7fa4\u88ab\u5206\u5f00\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u7406\u533a\u7247\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6c34\u548c\u6cb9\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff09\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u51b2\u7a81\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u533a\u7247\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u7406\u6df7\u636e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5730\u7406\u6df7\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9884\u9632\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u90a3\u6837\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages aligncenter\"          style=\"width: 550px;height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma1-1578640616.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 8. \u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u5730\u70b9\u9884\u6d4b\u3002A \u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u666f\uff1bB \u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5730\u7406\u683c\u5c40\uff1bC \u548c D \u4e2d\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u70b9\uff1bD \u4e2d\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u70b9\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u8fc7\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u70b9\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5177\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ec6\u8282\uff08\u5982\u56fe9\u6240\u793a\uff09\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff08\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u5168\u76d8\u8003\u8651[12]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[12]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u65b9\u798f\u5eb7\u6559\u6388\u5728\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff0cPrigogine\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5458A.Babloyantz\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u591a\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c11\u7ef4\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c11\u7ef4\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u534f\u540c\u5b66\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaH. Haken\u6559\u6388\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8dc3\u8fc1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5c11\u7ef4\u7684\u5e8f\u53c2\u91cf\u6765\u523b\u753b\u3002T. Kohonen\u7ed3\u5408\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7528\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5fae\u89c2\u6784\u9020\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\u6620\u5c04\u6a21\u578b(SOM)\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5176\u969c\u788d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u7406\u3002\u65b9\u798f\u5eb7\u6559\u6388\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u67d0\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u5e9e\u5927\u7ef4\u6570\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u5c11\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages aligncenter\"      style=\"height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma9-1578640617.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe9. \u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9a71\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\uff08\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f04\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<h1>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\uff08COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND UNCERTAINTY\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u867d\u7136\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6709\u591a\u5468\u5230\u7684\u8003\u8651\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u672a\u63d0\u524d\u7eb3\u5165\u8003\u8651\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u574f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6216\u8005\u98de\u673a\u4e2d\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u7ebf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6216\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff1f\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u529f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u504f\u89c1\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c40\u9650\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u7136\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\uff08\u9690\u5f0f\u6216\u663e\u5f0f\uff09\u5c06\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\/\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5305\u542b\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u800c\u8d85\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">A. \u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Evolutionary processes\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff08uncertainty\uff09\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5374\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff08variability\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u590d\u5236\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\uff08\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u6216\u629b\u5f03\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u7a81\u53d8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5f97\u5177\u4f53\u4eba\u4f53\u8fd9\u6837\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u673a\u4f53\u9010\u6b65\u7531\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u51b2\u51fb\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u5f3a\uff09\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u65e9\u671f\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u975e\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff1b\u808c\u8089\u548c\u9aa8\u9abc\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u632b\u6216\u5c0f\u7684\u7834\u635f\u5f97\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u89e6\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u9006\u5883\u4e0d\u592a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u9006\u5883\u800c\u88ab\u953b\u70bc\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u58ee[13]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">[13]\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201cThe Eighty Five Percent Rule for Optimal Learning\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u4e3a\uff08error rate\uff09\u8fbe\u523015%\u5de6\u53f3\u65f6\u5019\u6700\u4f18\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u76ca\u5904\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u6bd4\u7387\uff09\uff0c\u592a\u5c0f\u5219\u8ba9\u8fdb\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u592a\u6162\uff0c\u8fc7\u5927\u5219\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u53bb\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5929\u751f\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u9020\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u8bb8\u591a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c06\u6269\u5927\u800c\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c06\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u4f7f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f97\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5408\u4f5c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5747\u8861\uff08harmful societal equilibria\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u4f46\u6574\u4f53\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff08flexibility,\uff09\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e3a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u5145\u5206\u5206\u6563\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u201c\u592a\u5927\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5012\u95ed\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5012\u95ed\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65bd\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4ee5\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u3002<strong>\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u751f\u5c0f\u7684\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669<\/strong>\uff08\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u8fdd\u53cd\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e2d\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e2a\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u81ea\u7136\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u6bd4\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8981\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f<strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5728\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65bd\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8bd5\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u6267\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5dee\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u91c7\u7528\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6210\u529f\u505a\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u8ba1\u5212\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff1b\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5229\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u653e\u5f03\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">B. \u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Multi-scale evolutionary processes\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u7740\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5185\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u7269\u4f1a\u5728\u7269\u79cd\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5b55\u80b2\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u7ade\u4e89\uff08\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7ade\u4e89\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8be5\u56e2\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ade\u4e89\u2014\u2014\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u96c6\u56e2\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e2\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5185\u90e8\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5728\u5b50\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c55\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u90e8\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u7ade\u4e89\u5f15\u8d77\u5408\u4f5c\u518d\u5f15\u8d77\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe10\u6240\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u56e2\u4f53\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\uff08\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u81ea\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages aligncenter\"          style=\"width: 574px;height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma3-1578640617.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56fe 10. \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u4ea4\u66ff\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6709\u6548\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08properly structured\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u652f\u8db3\u7403\u961f\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u961f\u5458\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5f97\u5206\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0e\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7403\u961f\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff08\u6709\u6548\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba9\u961f\u5458\u7ade\u4e89\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u7403\u5458\u201d\u7684\u5934\u8854\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u7403\u961f\u66f4\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002\u7ade\u4e89\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u8ba9\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u88ab\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u597d\u6709\u574f\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u4f53\u8981\u597d\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u3002\u7ade\u4e89\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bef\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff0c\u8fd9\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u8981\u6709\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08\u8ba9\u7ade\u4e89\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u504f\u79bb\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u5185\u90e8\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u3002\u9002\u5f53\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4f53\u7cfb\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<h1>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;\"><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6e90\u81ea\u7ec4\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec4\u5143\u672c\u8eab\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u89c1\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bb8\u591a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u76f8\u53d8\uff09\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u5143\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u88ab\u8feb\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5931\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff08insights\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f5c\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u63e1\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u71b5\u5f80\u5f80\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u7ec4\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5143\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u6765\u51cf\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8f83\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7531\u76f8\u540c\u7ec4\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\uff08tradeoff\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u8861\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6548\u7387\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\uff09\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u7ec4\u5143\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5212\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff08with unpredictability being the best prediction\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u50cf\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5408\u4f5c\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8ba9\u6709\u6548\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u590d\u5236\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u8bd5\u9519\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8d85\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u9650\u7684\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u8bd1\u8005\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u672c\u6587\u7531\u9648\u6e05\u534e\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6c88\u5ff1\u548c\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u5ba1\u6821\u3002\u9648\u6e05\u534e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a Brandeis \u5927\u5b66\u548c NECSI \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\uff1b\u6c88\u5ff1\u73b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e NECSI\uff0c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff1b\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3002\u611f\u8c22 Yaneer Bar-Yam\u6559\u6388\u540c\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6b64\u6587\uff0c\u4e5f\u611f\u8c22\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u534f\u52a9\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6d53\u7f29\u4e86 NECSI \u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u53ca\u6240\u957f Yaneer Bar-Yam \u6559\u6388\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\u3002NECSI \u7684\u8fd1\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u7269\u7406\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4e09\u4e2a\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u8026\u5408\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u751f\u6001\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u9886\u57df\u3002NECSI \u9664\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u9762\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u7531 NECSI \u4e3b\u529e\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u5c06\u4e8e 2020 \u5e74 7 \u6708 26 \u65e5-31 \u65e5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u7f55\u5e03\u4ec0\u5c14\u5dde (NH) \u7eb3\u8212\u5384 (Nashua) \u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u9875https:\/\/necsi.edu\/iccs-2020\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95eehttps:\/\/necsi.edu\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53bb\u6389\u4e86\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u5c11\u91cf\u96be\u61c2\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u6ce8\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u6b63\u6587\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u811a\u6ce8\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u4ee5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0cComplexity \u548c Scale \u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u8bd1\u8005\u611f\u89c9\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u6781\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6216\u8005\u53e5\u5b50\u9644\u4e0a\u4e86\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u3002\u539f\u6587\u81f4\u8c22\u90e8\u5206\u6ca1\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<blockquote class=\"js_blockquote_wrap\"     >\n<section class=\"js_blockquote_digest\">\n<section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u8bd1\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u6e05\u534e<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u5ba1\u6821\uff1a\u6c88\u5ff1\u3001\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u5f20\u5e0c\u598d<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;\"><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247500394&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=06c5c3579b538ff8d960af0db6edbba5&amp;chksm=e89798e7dfe011f1a01f720f6d0bf67486534a51ca23a1912864d7302e1c80eabcdef7df7f34&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" tab=\"innerlink\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Science\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u6d4b\u590d\u6742\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/a><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247500756&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=f146986a50b708e8d4d50acc0f2b1652&amp;chksm=e8979959dfe0104f88006d62c9e375fe145dfbc71e427b420eaa5ca6ba0d0886eb28843c7a8a&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2020\u5e74\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\uff1a\u5165\u95e8+\u8fdb\u9636\u4e66\u535520\u672c<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247500604&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=903543112581b0378f22c30faa207155&amp;chksm=e89799b1dfe010a76f97381bea19d2980c8d9eac850ffd3c744129b94f9e95078f7db3f510a1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8d85\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u2014\u2014\u7528\u56fe\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247487778&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=c2e77ec93213c4c63f57a777ff10e368&amp;chksm=e8944bafdfe3c2b9d66544dafe7403159473e8c94fd3bc513f5300c353bcec49c0c0b69797af&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section    mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section    style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;\"><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<hr style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"  \/>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;\"><img    width=\"100%\"  style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;visibility: visible !important;width: 64px !important;height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma2-1578640618.gif\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;\"><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: center;outline: none medium;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;outline: none medium;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section   style=\"outline: none medium;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 15px;outline: none medium;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section  style=\"line-height: 25.6px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8QQ\u7fa4\uff5c877391004<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org<br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;outline: none medium;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<h1 style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 14px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);line-height: 25.6px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"line-height: 28px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 76, 0);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 128, 255);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(61, 170, 214);\">\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 20px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<p style=\"margin: 5px auto;padding: 10px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;width: 180px;border-width: 2px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(132, 132, 132);line-height: normal;\"><img           style=\"visibility: visible !important;width: 156px !important;height: auto !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/swarma7-1578640618.jpg\" class=\" aligncenter\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><iframe style=\"display: none;\" class=\"\"><\/iframe><iframe style=\"display: none;\" class=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\ud83d\udc47\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"keep-source\">\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff09\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/2kxAejvfu0sZPNVa9Kz4ag\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u96c6\u667a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bfc\u8bed \u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08New England Complex Systems Institute, NECSI\uff09\u7684 Yaneer Bar-Yam\uff08\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u53ca\u6240\u957f\uff09\u548c Alexander F. Sie&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18060"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18060"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18060\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18060"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=18060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}