{"id":18122,"date":"2020-01-13T20:44:57","date_gmt":"2020-01-13T12:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18122"},"modified":"2020-01-13T20:44:57","modified_gmt":"2020-01-13T12:44:57","slug":"%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e5%88%9b%e6%96%b0%e8%83%8c%e5%90%8e%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e9%80%92%e5%bd%92%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18122","title":{"rendered":"\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u5316\uff1a\u521b\u65b0\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9012\u5f52\u7ed3\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The mathematical structure of innovation<\/span><\/h1>\n

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https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1912.03281<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u6b63\u5982\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u8bf4\u548c\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u5398\u6e05\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u6280\u672f\u5185\u90e8\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u6e05\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8457\u540d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5916\u8058\u6559\u6388\u5e03\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u963f\u745f\uff08Brian Arthur\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u300b[1]\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u8fdb\u5316\u505a\u51fa\u8fc7\u6e05\u6670\u9610\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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    \u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u6c42\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u5316\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u751f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6280\u672f\u8ba9\u4eba\u8fdc\u79bb\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5219\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u529b\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684 GPS \u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u949f\uff0c\u536b\u661f\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u4e09\u79cd\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7531\u66f4\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\uff08Technological recursion\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u56fe 1\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u7ed3\u6784\u3002GPS \u7531\u539f\u5b50\u949f\u3001\u536b\u661f\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u800c\u539f\u5b50\u949f\u53c8\u7531\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u3001\u5fae\u6ce2\u8154\u548c\u771f\u7a7a\u5ba4\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u9010\u5c42\u9012\u63a8\u3002\u5e76\u4e14 \uff0cGPS \u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u5bfc\u5f39\u3001\u5730\u9707\u76d1\u6d4b\u4eea\u548c\u624b\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u5bfc\u822a\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u6280\u672f\u8bde\u751f\u5e76\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u80fd\u9610\u91ca\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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    2019 \u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4f26\u6566\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728 arxiv \u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9884\u5370\u672c\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u300aThe mathematical structure of innovation\u300b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e03\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u963f\u745f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u9884\u671f\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u4e0e\u836f\u54c1\u4e09\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62d3\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4ece 2 \u500d\u5230 28 \u500d\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8fd8\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u6210 [1-7]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u5982\u805a\u5408\u9176\u94fe\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java \u7f16\u7a0b\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5373\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u4e0a\u9762 GPS \u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\uff0cGPS \u5c06\u7531\u81f3\u5c11 13 \u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u524d 3 \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u663e\u7136 13 \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5236\u9020\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u2014\u2014\u5982\u6709\u6570\u4ebf\u4e43\u81f3\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u7531\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u4e0d\u8fc7\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u6280\u672f\u7814\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u989d\u5916\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8c03\u8bd5\uff08\u4ee5\u7ec4\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u6280\u672f\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u968f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u867d\u7136\u5c06\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c06\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8bbe\u60f3\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0cEve\u3001Frank \u548c Grace\uff0c\u5728\u73a9\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u4e50\u9ad8\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u90fd\u662f\u5236\u4f5c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u3002Eve \u6709\u4e00\u5957\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4e50\u9ad8\u79ef\u6728\uff0cFrank \u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u9020\uff1a\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u8f66\u8f6e\u548c\u8f66\u8f74\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u66f4\u5feb\u5229\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u3002Grace \u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3cFrank \u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u628a\u73a9\u5177\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7c98\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd8\u628a\u5076\u5c14\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e5f\u7c98\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e95\u677f\u548c\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e50\u9ad8\u79ef\u6728\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\u968f\u673a\u6311\u51fa\u4e00\u5806\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002Eve \u53ea\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\uff0cFrank \u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4ed6\u9884\u88c5\u597d\u5b8c\u6574\u6a21\u5757\uff0cGrace \u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u96f6\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u54ea\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u6570\u6700\u591a\uff1f\u5f53 Eve \u5fd9\u4e8e\u7ec4\u88c5\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0cFrank \u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u9884\u88c5\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0cGrace \u867d\u7136\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5979\u5374\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u592a\u591a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7c98\u5408\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u96f6\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u8bcd\u6c47\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8868\u660e\u5c06\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u589e\u52a0\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \u5982\u56fe 2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001b\u3001c \u548c d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u6210\u7684 10 \u4e2a\u82f1\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u4ece A \u5230 B\uff0c\u5728\u5c06 ad \u4f5c\u4e3a \u03b8 \u62d3\u5c55\u4e3a\u65b0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u8bcd\u53d8\u5f97\u7531\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u5728\u56fe 2.C \u7684\u968f\u673a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u53ef\u9020\u8bcd\u7684\u9884\u671f\u6570\u589e\u52a0 3.2 \u500d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5219\u662f 1.6 \u500d\uff0c\u5f53\u589e\u52a0\u4e09\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u964d\u5f97\u66f4\u4f4e\u4e86\uff0c\u7070\u8272\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u66f2\u7ebf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u8f83\u591a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
           <\/section>\n
    <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u56fe2\uff1aA. \u7531\u7ec4\u4ef6 a\u3001b\u3001c \u3001d \u7ec4\u6210\u768410\u4e2a\u82f1\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u5ffd\u7565\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u67091\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u67091\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c5\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u67092\u79cd\uff0c4\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u67093\u79cd\u3002B. \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd ad \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u03b8\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5e93\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u8bcd\u7531\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u57284\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c5\u4e2a\u67092 \u79cd\uff0c1\u4e2a\u67093\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    C. \u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9 n \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u5355\u8bcd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002A \u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\uff0cB \u662f\u7d2b\u8272\u7ebf\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u4e50\u9ad8\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u8bcd\u4f8b\u5b50\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c06\u592a\u591a\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    <\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h2>\n


    <\/section>\n
    \n

    \u73b0\u5728\u6765\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u822c\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4efb\u4f55\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6b21\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u6216\u6280\u672f\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u6280\u672f\uff0c \u82e5\u7531 c \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u5176\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong> \u4e3a c\u3002\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u5355\u8bcd\u201c innovation\u201d\u5177\u6709 c = 6 \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f10 \u4e2a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5047\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u201c\u6a71\u67dc\u201d\u4e2d\u5171\u6709 N \u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u53d6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u7bee\u5b50\u201d n<\/strong>\uff08\u9ed1\u4f53\uff09 \u4e2d n \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5219\u5305\u542b n<\/strong> \u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7bee\u5b50n<\/strong> \u53ef\u5f97\u6280\u672f\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a p(n<\/strong>)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u663e\u7136\uff0cp(n<\/strong>) \u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7bee\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u80fd\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd abcde \u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u6700\u540e\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u5373\u5bf9 n=5 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7bee\u5b50n1<\/strong>\u548cn2<\/strong>\uff0c\u6709 p(n1<\/strong>) >  p(n2<\/strong>) \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u7bee\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a c \u53ef\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u6570\u91cf\u7528 p(n<\/strong>,c) \u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 abced \u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5b58\u5728<\/span><\/p>\n

    {cab\u3001bad\u3001bed\u3001cad\u3001dab\u3001deb\u3001ace\u3001bae}\uff0c\u6545 p(n<\/strong>,c) = 8<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9884\u671f\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u6280\u672f\u5927\u5c0f c \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6a71\u67dc N \u4e2d\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a n \u53ef\u80fd\u7bee\u5b50\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6280\u672f\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u4e2d abcde\u3001vwxyz\u2026\u7b49\u90fd\u662f n = 5 \u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u7bee\u5b50\u3002\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7bee\u5b50\u4e2d\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a c \u6280\u672f p(n<\/strong>,c) \u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span>  <\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    <\/p>\n

    c \u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
    \u5728\u5148\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c [4,8] \u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e24\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570 n \u548c n’ \u7684\u6280\u672f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 n = 5 \u548c n’ = 4 \u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7bee\u5b50 c \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6570\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span>       <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
     <\/span>
    <\/section>\n
    <\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4e2d\u5206\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u6570C(n,c)\u3002\u4e24\u8fb9\u5927\u5c0f\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570\u4e3a c \u968f\u673a\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728 26 \u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u53d6 5 \u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a c = 3 \u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9664\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8005\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\uff0c\u4e24\u8fb9\u6570\u503c\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

     <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    <\/p>\n

    \u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u5408\u66f4\u591a<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 abcde \u5927\u5c0f c = 3 \u7684\u5355\u8bcd  {cab\u3001bad\u3001bed\u3001cad\u3001dab\u3001deb\u3001ace\u3001bae} \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709 4 \u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c ab\u201d\uff08\u5ffd\u7565\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec ba\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5305\u62ec\u201cab\u201d\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08Combination usefulness\uff09<\/strong>\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8003\u8651\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u6709 k \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u5bf9 ab\uff0ck = 2\uff09\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u03b8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u8bba\u6587\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u03b8\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u542b\u03b8\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a c \u7684\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
           <\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e24\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570 n <\/strong>\u548c n’<\/strong> \u7684\u6280\u672f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u540c\u6837\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7b49\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
        <\/span>
    <\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    <\/p>\n

    \u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u62d3\u5c55\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

    \u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8003\u8651\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6280\u672f\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u65b9\u7a0b (1) \u4e2d\uff0c\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e24\u8fb9\u5747\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u9636\u6bb5 n’ \u548c n \u4e2d c \u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6bcd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u73b0\u5728\u8003\u8651\u5728\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a k \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u03b8\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408 \u03b8<\/strong>\u3002\u5373 \u03b8 \u2192 \u03b8\uff0c\u5219\u6280\u672f\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7bee\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\uff1ac + k \u2212 1 \u2192 c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06 ab = \u03b8\uff0c\u5219 abcde \u53d8\u4e3a \u03b8cde\u3002\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u5e94\u7528 \u03b8<\/strong>\u2192\u03b8\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9884\u671f\u6280\u672f\u6570\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n

           <\/span>
    <\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4e2d x = n \/ N\uff08\u5728\u5047\u5b9a\u975e\u5168\u77e5\u548c\u65e0\u504f\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u03b8\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u4ece N \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684 n \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u66f4\u65b0\u7684 N + 1 \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5236\u4f5c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u03b8\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\uff08Expanding module\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u4e0e\u836f\u54c1<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
    \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\uff08domain\uff09\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u548c\u836f\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u662f 38,970 \u4e2a\u82f1\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f\u7528\u6765\u751f\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 26 \u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u5728\u7f8e\u98df\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u662f 56,498 \u79cd\u98df\u8c31\uff0c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f381 \u79cd\u7528\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u98df\u6750\u548c\u914d\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u5728\u836f\u54c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684 1363 \u79cd\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u914d\u65b9\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5206\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 901 \u79cd\u5355\u72ec\u836f\u7269 [25]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9 n \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u653e\u5165\u521b\u65b0\u7bee\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u6280\u672f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u7a0b(1)\u548c\u65b9\u7a0b(3)\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a n \u53ef\u80fd\u7bee\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5165\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a k \u7684\u6a21\u5757 \u03b8<\/strong> \u540e\uff08\u7ec4\u4ef6\u603b\u6570\u4ece N \u589e\u52a0\u5230 N + 1\uff09\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u56fe3 \u663e\u793a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u636e\u6b64\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u6a21\u5757\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/span><\/section>\n
      <\/section>\n
      \u56fe3\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6a21\u5757\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u9876\u90e8\u9ed1\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u662f c \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u603b\u91cf\uff0c\u7d2b\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u6280\u672f\u800c\u975e\u90e8\u5206\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
      <\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      <\/p>\n

      \u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5f88\u7a00\u6709<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u3001\u6709 k \u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5757 \u03b8 \u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002k = 2\u30013\u30014\u2026\u2026\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7f8e\u98df\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684 k\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u670d\u7528\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u836f\u7269\u4ec5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86 k \u2264 5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53ef\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u5bf9\u4e8e k\u22645 \u7684\u6240\u6709\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6709 128,413 \u79cd\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709 4,426 \u79cd\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u7f8e\u98df\u4e2d\u6709 65,157,341 \u79cd\u6210\u5206\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6709 9,839 \u79cd\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u5728\u836f\u54c1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709 3130 \u79cd\u836f\u7269\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709 1381 \u79cd\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5728\u56fe 3 \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7d2b\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      <\/p>\n

      \u62d3\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      \u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5047\u8bbe\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u73b0\u6709\u6280\u672f\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7ed3\u679c [1,7]\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/span>
      <\/p>\n<\/h3>\n

      <\/p>\n


      <\/p>\n

      \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba1\u7b97\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5f88\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u548c\u836f\u7269\u4e09\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u6a21\u5757\u7684 98.70%\u300196.88% \u548c 98.62%\u3002\u4ece\u56fe 3 \u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u548c\u7d2b\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u91cd\u5408\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/section>\n
      \n
      \n


      <\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      <\/p>\n

      \u6301\u7eed\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u5a01\u529b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u5355\u6b21\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u9012\u5f52\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u90fd\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a k = 2 \u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c 20 \u6b21\u540e\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u56fe4\u6240\u793a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ef\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 2 \u5230 28 \u500d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u597d\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u914d\u5bf9<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5f80\u5f80\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u90e8\u63a8\u5012\u91cd\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e4b\u524d\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
             <\/span><\/section>\n
      <\/section>\n
      \u56fe4\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u591a\u6b21\u9012\u5f52\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e8eABC \u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\u6570\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a k = 2\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u603b\u8ba1\u91cd\u590d\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b 20 \u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u52a0\u901f\u53ef\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u6570\u91cf 2~28 \u500d\u3002<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      <\/section>\n
      \n
      \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
      \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n<\/h2>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      <\/p>\n

      \u6b63\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6280\u672f\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3b\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u90e8\u4ef6\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u5730\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3001\u6216\u4ee5\u540c\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u6a21\u5757\u5316[11,12,13]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8bc6\u522b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u9898\u56fe\u5f0f\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u8db3\u591f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u5143\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6b20\u62df\u5408\u548c\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u591f\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3002\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u56fe\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3b\u9898\u8db3\u591f\u901a\u7528\u5230\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1a<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u9012\u5f52\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b49\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0 [10] \u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u672c\u8eab\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6280\u672f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u662f\u539f\u6709\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5b9a\u91cf\u652f\u6301 [1,7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      <\/p>\n

      \u8f6c\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u5f02\u3001<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u57df\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u9012\u5f52<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a2\u7d22\u6269\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u96c6\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u66fe\u7ecf\u76f8\u8ddd\u5f88\u8fdc\u7684\u533a\u57df\u62c9\u8fd1\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u9879\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u8be5\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u9065\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u6240\u9700\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\uff08adjacent possible\uff09<\/strong>[14,15] \u7684\u5730\u56fe\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u8005\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u5c11 [16]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      <\/section>\n
      \u56fe 5. \u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u56fe\u793a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      <\/section>\n
      \u201c\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279 \u00b7 \u8003\u592b\u66fc\uff08Stuart Kauffman\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e3a\u5bb6\u300b\uff08A Home in The Universe\uff09\u4e2d\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6c64\u201d\u4e2d\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u521b\u65b0\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u3001DNA\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u5f02\u9057\u4f20\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u6f14\u5316\u90fd\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8d8b\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u660e\u3001\u5929\u624d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u624e\u5806\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d85\u524d\u521b\u610f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f80\u5f80\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5df4\u8d1d\u5947\u5206\u6790\u673a\uff09\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u9664\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u91cd\u65b0\u57df\u5b9a\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u573a\u666f\u8fc1\u79fb<\/strong>\u7b49\uff0c\u672c\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u6280\u672f [17]\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u6280\u672f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u73b0\u7b56\u7565[18]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4ece\u56fe4 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u914d\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\u6570 k = 2 \u63d0\u5347\u521b\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u914d\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e8c\u5143\u914d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u6210\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/p>\n

      \u56fe 6\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7f8e\u98df\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u5757\u914d\u5bf9\u968f\u7740\u6301\u7eed\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u6210<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      <\/p>\n

      \u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5851\u9020\u81ea\u8eab\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
      \u5728\u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u8fdb\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u73af\u5883\u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u7f13\u6162\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6280\u672f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5e93\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6280\u672f\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1a\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u5927\u5927\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u660e\u5e74\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u7531\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u540c\u6837\u7531\u660e\u5e74\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6280\u672f\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027 [19,20]\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n

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      \u836f\u54c1\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u65e7\u836f\u65b0\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
      \u836f\u7269\u7ec4\u5408\u6cbb\u7597\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u67d0\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u7136\u800c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5343\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u53ef\u4f5c\u7528\u836f\u7269[25]\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e24\u6210\u5206\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u5341\u4ebf\u79cd\u4e09\u6210\u5206\u836f\u7269\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u836f\u7269\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u867d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u836f\u7269\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5728\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7597\u6548\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u836f\u7269\u7ec4\u5408\u6cbb\u7597\u4f9d\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219 [21] [24]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5229\u7528\u672c\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u7565\u6027\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u836f\u54c1\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5e93\uff0c\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u836f\u7269\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7597\u6cd5\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u836f\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7ec4\u5408\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u673a\u4f1a [22,23]\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u97f3\u7d20\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5b57\u6bcd\u66f4\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6784\u6210\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u534f\u540c\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u6301\u6709\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u6548\u679c\u7597\u6548\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u53d1\u73b0\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u548c\u66f4\u5c11\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u7814\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u836f\u7269\u518d\u5229\u7528\u201d\uff08drug repurposing\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u65b0\u7597\u6548\u3001\u65b0\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u75c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u836f\u7269\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u836f\u7269\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e14\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4fdd\u969c[25]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u5408\u521b\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\u5176\u5b9e\u65e9\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


      <\/p>\n

      \u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u672c\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5e03\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u963f\u745f\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u533a\u522b\u51fa\u4e0e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5b83\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u5230\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
      \u5e76\u4e0d\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u7b26\u5408\u6280\u672f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n


      <\/p>\n


      <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
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      \n

      [1] W. B. Arthur, The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It Evolves (Penguin, London, 2010)<\/span><\/p>\n

      [2] H. Youn, D. Strumsky, L. Bettencourt, J. Lobo, Invention as a combinatorial process: evidence from US patents, J Roy Soc Interface44, 0272 (2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [3] T. Fink, M. Reeves, R. Palma, R. Farr, Serendipity and strategy in rapid innovation, Nat Commun 8, 2002 (2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [4] T. M. A. Fink, M. Reeves, How much can we influence the rate of innovation?, Science Advances 5, eaat6107 (2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [5] T. E. Stuart, J. M. Podolny, Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities, Strateg Manage J 17,21 (1996).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [6] L. Fleming, Recombinant uncertainty in technological search, Management Sci 47, 117 (2001).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [7] W. B. Arthur, The structure of invention, Res Policy 36, 274 (2007).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [8] M. Reeves, T. Fink, Harnessing the secret structure of innovation, MIT Sloan Manag Rev 37, 59 (2017)<\/span><\/p>\n

      [9] Y. Liu et al., DCDB 2.0: a major update of the drug combination database, Database 2014, bau124 (2014)<\/span><\/p>\n

      [10] R. N. Langlois, Modulay in technology and organization J Econ Behav Organ 49 1937 (2002).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [11] K. B. Clark, C. Baldwin Design Rules: The Power of Modularity (MIT Press, Cambridge, 2000)<\/span><\/p>\n

      [12] C. Hidalgo, R. Hausmann, The buildings blocks of economic complexity, Proc Natl Acad Sci 106, 10570 (2009).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [13] M. Christelli et al., A metrics for the economic complexity of countries and products, PLOS ONE 8, e70726 (2013).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [14] F. Tria et al., The dynamics of correlated novelties, Sci Rep 4, 5890 (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [15] V. Loreto, V. Servedio, S. Strogatz, F. Tria, Dynamics on expanding spaces: Modeling the emergence of novelties, Creativity and Universality in Language, (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [16] I. Iacopini, S. Milojevi\u00b4 c, V. Latora, Network dynamics of innovation processes, Phys Rev Lett 120, 048301 (2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [17] D. Rotolo, D. Hicks, B. R. Martin, What is an emerging technology?, Res Policy 44, 1827 (2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [18] W. B. Arthur, W. Polak, The evolution of technology within a simple com- puter model, Complexity 11, (2006).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [19] T. Felin, S. Kauffman, R. Koppl, G. Longo, Economic opportunity and evo- lution: Beyond landscapes and bounded rationality,Strateg Entrep J 8, 269 (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [20] J. D. Farmer, F. Lafond, How predictable is technological progress?, Res Policy 45, 647 (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [21] Y. Liu et al., DCDB 2.0: a major update of the drug combination database, Database 2014, bau124 (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [22] D. Verhoeven, J. Bakker, R. Veugelers, Measuring technological novelty with patent-based indicators, Research Policy 45, 707 (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [23] D. Strumsky, J. Lobo, Identifying the sources of technological novelty in the process of invention, Research Policy 44, 1445 (2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [24] J. Hunter, S. Stephens , Is open innovation the way forward for big pharma?, Nat Rev Drug Discov 9, 87 (2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

      [25] Drug repurposing: progress, challenges and recommendations\uff0chttps:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrd.2018.168<\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n
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      <\/span><\/section>\n
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      \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5341\u4e09\u7ef4<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u5f20\u723d<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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      \u3010\u8d2d\u4e66\u8d60\u6251\u514b\u3011\u6280\u672f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5316\u7684 | \u5e03\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u963f\u745f<\/strong><\/span>
      <\/h2>\n


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      \u25b3 \u8d2d\u4e70\u300a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u300b\u8d60\u9001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5361\u7247\u25b3 <\/strong><\/p>\n


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      <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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      \u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u9996\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fdb\u5316\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u8d8b\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
      <\/p>\n

      \u600e\u6837\u4e0d\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff1f<\/span><\/strong>\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7ed9\u4f60\u7b54\u6848<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
      <\/p>\n

      \u6d1e\u5bdf\u8c1c\u9898 : \u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
      <\/p>\n

      \u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\u90fd\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5206\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
      <\/p>\n

      \u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
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      \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8QQ\u7fa4\uff5c877391004<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
      <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n

      \u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7:\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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