{"id":18837,"date":"2020-03-29T21:13:21","date_gmt":"2020-03-29T13:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18837"},"modified":"2020-03-29T21:13:21","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T13:13:21","slug":"%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%e9%87%8f%e8%b6%85%e8%bf%874%e4%b8%87%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%b0%8f%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%9a%84%e9%9b%86%e4%bd%93%e5%8a%a8%e5%8a%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18837","title":{"rendered":"\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc74\u4e07\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1998\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u201d\uff08Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Nature\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 42000 \u6b21\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n


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Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks<\/span><\/section>\n
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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/30918<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u5927\u6982\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8003\u6797\u8482\uff08Frigyes Karinthy\uff09\u7684\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u94fe\u6761\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e 1929 \u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u300a\u94fe\u6761\u300b\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u7f51\u7403\u51a0\u519b\u3001\u7f51\u7403\u51a0\u519b\u7684\u7403\u53cb\u745e\u5178\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u745e\u5178\u56fd\u738b\u53c8\u662f\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u9881\u5956\u8005\u8fd9\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u3002\u8003\u6797\u8482\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u591a\u9700\u8981 5 \u5c42\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u80fd\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\uff08Stanley\u00b7Milgram\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u8fde\u9501\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08Small world experiment\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1967\u5e74\u5c06\u6b64\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u8868\u4e8ePsychology Today\u671f\u520a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4eceKansas\u548cNebraska\u4e24\u4e2a\u5dde\u62db\u52df\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5c06\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u8f6c\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4f\u5728Cambridge\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u67d0\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4f\u5728Boston\u90ca\u533a\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u6709\u5bc4\u4fe1\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4fe1\u76f4\u63a5\u5bc4\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u4fe1\u5bc4\u7ed9\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u719f\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u59cb\u4fe1\u5c01\u91cc\u7684\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5361\u7247\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4fe1\u51fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7ea66\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d1\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u6536\u4fe1\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u7406\u8bba\uff08Six degree of seperation\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7535\u529b\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u30021998\u5e74\uff0c\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u7684Duncan Watts\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08Steve Strogatz\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Watts\u548cStrogatz\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u4ecb\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\uff08regular networks\uff09\u548c\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\uff08random networks\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9ad8\u805a\u96c6\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u50cf\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u6837\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u6377\u5f84\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6L <\/em><\/span><\/strong>\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4efb\u9009\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fde\u901a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u8fb9\u6570\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6(\u6216\u957f\u5ea6)<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4\u4e2dA\u5230D\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a2\uff08A\u2192C\u2192D\uff09\uff1b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6L<\/em><\/strong>\u3002\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u8fde\u9501\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08\u6216\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5c06\u4fe1\u5bc4\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\u7269\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8f6c\u53d1\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570C<\/em> <\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6709k\u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9k\u6761\u8fb9\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08k\u4e2a\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6761\u6570\u4e3ak(k-1)\/2\uff0c\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5206\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u3002<\/strong>\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u5747\u503c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u8be5\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u70b9\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u5927\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n

\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5206\u6790\u6b64\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u968f\u91cd\u8fde\u63a5\u6982\u7387p\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe5\uff1a\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u968f\u91cd\u8fde\u63a5\u6982\u7387\tp\t\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf920\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\uff08n=20\uff0ck=4\uff09\u5230\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u6f14\u53d8\u505a\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u5f97\u3002\u5176\u4e2dL(0)<\/em>,C(0)<\/em>\u5206\u522b\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cL(p)<\/em>,C(p)<\/em>\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6982\u7387\u4e3ap\u65f6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u3002L<\/em>=L(p)<\/em>\/L(0)<\/em>,C<\/em>=C(p)<\/em>\/C(0)<\/em>\u662f\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u7a00\u758f\u4f46\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u968f\u673a\u56fe\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3n\u226bk\u226bln(n)\u226b1<\/em>\u3002\u6b64\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53p\u8d8b\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0cL\uff5en\/2k<\/em>\uff0cC\uff5e3\/4<\/em>\uff1b\u5f53p\u8d8b\u4e8e1\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>L\u2248L<\/span>random<\/span>\uff5eln(n)\/ln(k) <\/span><\/em>, <\/span>C\u2248C<\/span>random<\/span>~k\/n<\/span><\/em>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cLrandom\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3an\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e3ak\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373p=1\u65f6\u7684L\uff1bCrandom\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0eLrandom\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5373p=1\u65f6\u7684C\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u9ad8\u5ea6\u805a\u96c6\uff0cL\u968fn\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff1b\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u805a\u96c6\u8f83\u5f31\uff0cL\u968fn\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u503c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\u5927\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u7cfb\u6570\u5c0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5728p<\/strong><\/em>\u4ecb\u4e8e0\u548c1\u7684\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff0cL<\/em>\u8d8b\u4e8e<\/strong><\/span>L<\/strong><\/span>random<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\u65f6\uff0cC(p)<\/em>\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e<\/strong><\/span>C<\/strong><\/span>random<\/strong><\/span><\/em>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cdL(p)<\/em>\u6025\u5267\u53d8\u5c0f\u7684\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u8fde\u8fb9\u6216\u6377\u5f84\uff08long-range edges \/’short cuts’\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u957f\u8fde\u8fb9\u63a5\u6307\u5bf9\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u957f\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e<\/span>L<\/span>random<\/span><\/em>\u3002\u5f53p\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u6377\u5f84\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9L <\/em>\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u88ab\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u8282\u70b9\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u79fb\u8d70\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u96c6\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6377\u5f84\uff0c\u5bf9C <\/em>\u4ea7\u751f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53p <\/em>\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019C(p) <\/em>\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u662fL(p) <\/em>\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u91cd\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u6377\u5f84\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u5219\u6f14\u5316\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90fd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\t\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u6548\u5e94\u6216\u8bb8\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6f14\u5458\u5408\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u7535\u529b\u8f93\u9001\u7f51\u56fe\u548cC. elegans\u7ebf\u866b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9: <\/span>L\u2273L<\/span>random<\/span><\/em>\u4f46\u662f<\/span>C\u226bC<\/span>random<\/span><\/em>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5927\u578b\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u88681\uff1a\u4e09\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8868\u4e2d\uff0cL<\/span>actual<\/span>\u6307\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff0cL<\/span>random<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3an\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e3ak\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff1bC<\/span>actual<\/span>\u4e0eC<\/span>random<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7535\u5f71\u660e\u661f\u5408\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u660e\u661f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u82e5\u4e24\u4f4d\u660e\u661f\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u6f14\u8fc7\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u5373\u53ef\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90http:\/\/us.imdb.com\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u622a\u6b62\u4e8e1997\u5e744\u6708\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u7535\u529b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fde\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8fde\u63a5\u8f93\u7535\u7ad9\u548c\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u8f93\u7535\u7ebf\uff1b\u7ebf\u866b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u95f4\u9699\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3a\u8fde\u8fb9\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u8fb9\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u65e0\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u7b80\u6613\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u75c5\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u56fe3\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\uff1at=0\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u60a3\u75c5\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f41\uff09\u540e\u56e0\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u79bb\u5f00\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u4f20\u67d3\u5f15\u8d77\u5176\u4f59\u5065\u5eb7\u4e2a\u4f53\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e3ar\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u6216\u8005\u75c5\u6bd2\u706d\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe6\uff1a\u5168\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4T\u4e0e\u6982\u7387p\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u56fe5\u5bf9\u6570\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u6807\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u505a\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u6f14\u5316\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    \u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u611f\u67d3\u4e00\u534a\u7fa4\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>r<\/span>half<\/span>\u968fp\u7684\u589e\u5927\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\uff08\u89c1\u56fe6a\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u4e0d\u7ba1\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5168\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4T\u4e0ep\u7684\u5173\u7cfbT(p)\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\uff08\u56fe5\uff09L(p)\u76f8\u4f3c\uff08\u89c1\u56fe6b\uff09\u3002\t<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53ea\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6377\u5f84\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5168\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u56fe\u88ab\u5168\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5373\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5728\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u67d3\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u524d\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28T(p)\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u663e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u67d0\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u56fe\u3001\u6563\u70b9\u6216\u8005\u94fe\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u5f3a\u8c03\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7686\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53d7\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u6bd4\u4e0d\u8fde\u63a5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
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    <\/p>\n

    \u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/section>\n
    1998\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u6027\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5bfc\u822a\uff08\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u4ee5\u53ca\u535a\u5f08\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u7fa4\u805a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\t\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span>
    <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

    <\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u5df2\u8fbe4\u4e07\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u6587\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3aWatts-Strogatz\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u6216W-S\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u4e8e\u704f<\/section>\n
    \u5ba1\u6821\uff1a\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/section>\n
    \u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u5f20\u723d<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    \n
    \n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    <\/p>\n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u805a\u7c7b\u7279\u6027\u770b\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u80ba\u708e<\/strong><\/a><\/section>\n

    \u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
    <\/p>\n

    \u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u793e\u533a\u9632\u63a7\u4e0e\u51fa\u884c\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u6548<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6b66\u6c49\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
    <\/p>\n

    \u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
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    \n
    \n
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    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
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    \n
    \n

    \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8QQ\u7fa4\uff5c877391004<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
    <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n

    \u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udc47\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u5bfc\u8bed 1998\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u201d\uff08Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Nature\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8be5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18837"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18837\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18837"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=18837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}