{"id":18992,"date":"2020-04-11T16:18:53","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T08:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18992"},"modified":"2020-04-11T16:18:53","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T08:18:53","slug":"%e5%89%91%e6%a1%a5%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e6%8f%ad%e7%a4%ba%e5%8c%97%e7%be%8e%e3%80%81%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=18992","title":{"rendered":"\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u63ed\u793a\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5dee\u5f02"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u672c\u5468\u4e94\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\uff08PNAS\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u91c7\u96c6 \u4e86\u5e76\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5f97\u51fa160 \u4efd\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff08SARS-CoV-2\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u53d1\u80b2\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u75c5\u6bd2\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u578b\u522b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a A\u3001B\u3001C\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d A \u578b\u662f\u8be5\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6e90\u4e8e\u8759\u8760\u7684\u6700\u521d\u578b\u53f7\uff0cB \u662f A \u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u578b\uff0cC \u662f B \u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u578b\u3002A\u3001C \u578b\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5373\u6b27\u7f8e\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/span>\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08phylogenetic method\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.cam.ac.uk\/research\/news\/covid-19-genetic-network-analysis-provides-snapshot-of-pandemic-origins?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0<\/span><\/section>\n

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Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes<\/section>\n
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https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2020\/04\/07\/2004999117<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u6765\u81ea\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u80ba\u708e\u7684\u65e9\u8d77\u8fdb\u5316\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u611f\u67d3\u4ece\u6b66\u6c49\u6269\u6563\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u53d8\u5f02\u7f51\u7edc\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u6d4b\u5e8f\u51fa\u7684 160 \u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75c5\u6bd2\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u53d8\u3001\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u8c31\u7cfb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n


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\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6 Peter Forster \u535a\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6574\u9f50\u5730\u8ffd\u8e2a COVID-19 \u7684\u9057\u4f20\u8c31\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08mathematical network algorithm\uff09\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 DNA \u7ed8\u5236\u53f2\u524d\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8ffd\u8e2aCOVID-19\u8fd9\u7c7b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8be5\u56e2\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 2019 \u5e74 12 \u6708 24 \u65e5\u5230 2020 \u5e74 3 \u6708 4 \u65e5\u671f\u95f4\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u4e2a\u4f53\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u79cd\u7531\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u8840\u7edf\u7c07\uff08clusters\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a A\u3001B\u3001C\u3002<\/p>\n

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Forster \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8759\u8760\u4f53\u5185\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1 COVID-19 \u7684 A \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08\u5373\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u7c7b\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e86\u6b66\u6c49\u3002\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u75c5\u6bd2\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8e\u6b66\u6c49\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 A \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf A \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6b66\u6c49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u75c5\u6bd2\u7c7b\u578b B\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5404\u5730\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5f02\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6b66\u6c49\u53d1\u751f\u4e86B\u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u201c\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff08founder event\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4ee5\u5916\u5730\u533a\u5bf9 B \u578b\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\uff08resistance\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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C \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u745e\u5178\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u60a3\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0 C \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u5219\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u6bd2\u6700\u65e9\u57281\u670827\u65e5\u5f15\u5165\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u643a\u5e26\u800c\u6765\u3002\u800c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u611f\u67d3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e0e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u96c6\u7fa4\uff08Singapore cluster\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u7a81\u53d8\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\u8c31\u7cfb\u628a\u5df2\u77e5\u75c5\u4f8b\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u201d\uff08phylogenetic\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6d4b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u5168\u7403\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u6fc0\u589e\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66 McDonald \u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c Forster \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u672a\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u6e90\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\uff08PNAS\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ca 1000 \u591a\u79cd\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u8ba1\u6570\u53ef\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u63a5\u514d\u8d39\u83b7\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u53d8\u79cd A \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e0e\u5728\u8759\u8760\u548c\u7a7f\u5c71\u7532\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6700\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff08the root of the outbreak\uff09\u3002\u7c7b\u578b B \u6e90\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b A\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a81\u53d8\u3002C \u578b\u5219\u662f B \u578b\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u53d8\u79cd B \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff08 founder effect\uff09\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u56e0\u74f6\u9888\uff08\u5373\u79cd\u7fa4\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5267\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Forster \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u3002\u6b66\u6c49 B \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u514d\u75ab\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5c42\u9762\u9002\u5e94\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u5f02\u624d\u80fd\u514b\u670d\u9664\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6162\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ed6\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u8ff0\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7b80\u51b5\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8def\u5f84\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u7a81\u53d8\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u8fd9\u9879 PNAS \u7814\u7a76\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u8303\u56f4\u62d3\u5c55\u81f31001 \u4e2a\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5c1a\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46 Forster \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cCOVID-19 \u7684\u9996\u6b21\u611f\u67d3\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u662f\u5728 2019 \u5e74\u7684 9 \u6708\u4e2d\u65ec-12 \u6708\u521d\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6 Colin Renfrw \u6559\u6388\uff08\u8fd9\u7bc7 PNAS \u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005\uff09\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cRenfrew \u7ee7\u800c\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8003\u53e4\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Science\u6700\u65b0\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u9762\u4e34\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8003\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
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Science\u6700\u65b0\uff1a\u65c5\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u600e\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u9650\u5236\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
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Nature\u547c\u5401\uff1a\u5e94\u5bf921\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5fc5\u987b\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
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\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
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