{"id":20958,"date":"2020-09-08T19:46:25","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T11:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=20958"},"modified":"2020-09-08T19:46:25","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T11:46:25","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e9%ba%a6%e5%85%8b%e6%96%af%e9%9f%a6%e5%a6%96%e5%88%b0%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e4%b8%ad%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e6%bd%9c%e8%97%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=20958","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u76f4\u5230\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff08Maxwell’s demon\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u751a\u660e\u786e\u3002\u800c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u653e\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u731c\u6d4b\uff1a\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6f5c\u85cf\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u524d\u6cbf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af<\/span>\uff08Paul Davies\uff09\u662f<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8be5\u6821\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5Beyond Center\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u7b49\u79d1\u666e\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Does new physics lurk inside living matter?<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/physicstoday.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/PT.3.4546<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u592a\u795e\u5947\uff0c\u6070\u4f3c\u53d8\u5e7b\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u8000\u773c\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6784\u6210\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u90a3\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u6b64\u975e\u51e1\u800c\u7279\u522b\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14<\/span>\uff08Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger\uff09<\/span>1943\u5e74\u5728\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u540d\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u6b21\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u9887\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e66\u2014\u2014What Is Life? <\/span>\uff08\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u300b\uff09[1]<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe1\uff1a\u5c55\u73b0\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u7684\u8682\u8681 | \u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/span>Kaitlin M. Baudier, Arizona State University<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u80fd\u5426\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u73bb\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Niels Bohr\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7ef4\u683c\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Eugene Wigner\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821<\/span>\uff08Werner Heisenberg\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u76f4\u89c9\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u72b9\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6301\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u63a8\u6d4b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fce\u63a5\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u201d[1]<\/span>\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4f55\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5929\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u5730\u7403\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u751f\u547d\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5207\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5c40<\/span>\uff08NASA\uff09<\/span>\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u98de\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u542b\u6709\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u571f\u536b\u4e8c\u7684\u51b0\u58f3\u5c42\u88c2\u7f1d\u4e2d\u55b7\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7fbd\u6d41\u3002\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6000\u7591\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b58\u6d3b\u8fc7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u788e\u5c51\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u524d\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\uff1f\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u78c1\u573a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u5316\u5b66\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5411\u7740\u5df2\u77e5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5916\u661f\u751f\u547d\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1. \u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5316\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u71b5\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u529b\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u7528\u8bf8\u5982\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u8f6c\u5f55\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u5957\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4f8b\u8bc1\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u7684\u65b0\u7684CRISPR\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u7f16\u8f91\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u672c\u3002\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8bd5\u56fe\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7DNA\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a0\u5bc6\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u901a\u8def\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6784\u6210\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u95e8[3]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u7684\u9ecf\u83cc\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6210\u5947\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u8682\u8681\u548c\u871c\u8702\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6362\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e5f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5230\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span>\u56fe2\uff1a\u9ecf\u83cc\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u5408\u4f1a\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u50cf\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u4f53 | Audrey Dussutour, CNRS<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d<\/span>\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u57fa\u7840\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u8a00\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d = \u7269\u8d28 + \u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u7d22\u51fa\u73b0\u57281867\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5c01\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u77e5\u5728\u4e00\u76d2\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u56db\u5904\u4e71\u7a9c\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e00\u6247\u5c0f\u95e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u5c0f\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u76d2\u5b50\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u5c06\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u76d2\u5b50\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u56fe3\uff1a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff08Maxwell’s demon\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u56fe3\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u76d2\u6c14\u4f53\u88ab\u5e26\u6709\u5c0f\u5b54\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u8154\u5ba4\uff0c<\/span>\uff08\u7eff\u8272\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5b54\u3002\u4e00\u6247\u5c0f\u95e8\u963b\u6321\u7740\u5c0f\u5b54\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e61867\u5e74\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u5c0f\u5996\u6240\u628a\u5b88\uff1a\u5c0f\u5996\u89c2\u5bdf\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u5c0f\u95e8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4ece\u53f3\u8fb9\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5411\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u5996\u201d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u9887\u611f\u4e3a\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5904\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u96be\u9898\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u3002\u5728\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5c0f\u5996\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u73af\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u6709\u963b\u62e6\u7269\u7684\u68d2\u4e0a\u6765\u56de\u6ed1\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u68d2\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u6784\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u963b\u6b62\u5206\u5b50\u73af\u6ed1\u52a8\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u5206\u5b50\u73af\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u56e0\u800c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u6247\u95e8\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u6700\u521d\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u5c0f\u95e8[17]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u5996\u8bbe\u5907\u7eb7\u7eb7\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u82ac\u5170\u963f\u5c14\u6258\u5927\u5b66\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684 Jukka Pekola \u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u77f3\u6eaa\u5206\u6821\u7684 Dmitri Averin \u5efa\u9020\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u9a71\u52a8\u51b0\u7bb1[18]<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b0\u7bb1\u91cc\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u7981\u9522\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u9762\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76d2\u5b50\u4e0e\u70ed\u6d74\u8026\u5408\u3002\u51b7\u5374\u5faa\u73af\u5229\u7528\u76d2\u5b50\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b80\u5e76\u6001\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u7b80\u5e76\u6001\u3002\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u7b80\u5e76\u80fd\u7ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7535\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6982\u7387\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u71b5\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u70ed\u6d74\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6e29\u5ea6\u76f8\u5e94\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7535\u5b50\u76d2\u5b50\u8026\u5408\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d2\u5b50\u626e\u6f14\u5c0f\u5996\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u63a2\u6d4b\u7535\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u53cd\u9988\u7ed9\u63d0\u4f9b\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7535\u573a\uff0c\u7535\u573a\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5feb\u901f\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u975e\u7b80\u5e76\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u51b7\u5374\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4ea7\u751f1\u6bd4\u7279\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u5e94\u7535\u5b50\u6240\u5904\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u4ee575%\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u4ece\u70ed\u6d74\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u70ed\u91cf\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9a71\u52a8\u71c3\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5996\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70ed\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u505a\u6709\u7528\u529f\u3002\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6c38\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5316\u5e76\u6b63\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u5230\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba[4]\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7531\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9999\u519c<\/span>\uff08Claude Shannon\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5960\u5b9a\u3002\u9999\u519c\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u51cf\u5c11<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u63b7\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u63b7\u786c\u5e01\u786e\u5b9a\u6b63\u9762\u671d\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u53cd\u9762\u671d\u4e0a\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u662f\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed3\u5408\u9999\u519c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8d1f\u71b5<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0f\u5996\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4f18\u52bf\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u5c0f\u5996\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u548c\u91cd\u7f6e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u590d\u5faa\u73af\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u53ea\u662f\u6784\u60f3\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5996\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u4f7f\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5236\u9020\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u5996\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53[5]\u3002\u590d\u5236DNA\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\u3001\u6cbf\u7740\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u6cf5\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6781\u9650\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6e38\u8d70\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u80fd\u91cf\u4f18\u52bf[6-7]<\/span>\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5c0f\u5996\u201d\u2014\u2014\u7535\u538b\u95e8\u63a7\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u2014\u2014\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u5f31\u706f\u6ce1\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u53f0\u5146\u74e6\u91cf\u7ea7\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd[8]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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2. \u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u201c\u5c0f\u5996\u201d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u51b0\u5c71\u4e4b\u4e00\u89d2\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u91cf\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u5b83\u7ecf\u5e38\u626e\u6f14\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u53d1\u80b2\u4e3a\u80da\u80ce<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7cbe\u7ec6\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u6392\u4f7f\u5f97\u6700\u7ec8\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u80da\u80ce\uff0c8-9\u5468\uff0c38\u6beb\u7c73\u957f | \u56fe\u7247\u6539\u7f16\u81eaAnatomist90\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u5171\u4eab<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5229\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u6210\u529f\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684 Eric Davidson \u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6d77\u80c6\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u9010\u6b65\u6a21\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u56de\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6d77\u80c6\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba9\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u53d1\u751f\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u518d\u6b21\u76f8\u7b26[9]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n
\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Thomas Gregor \u548c William Bialek \u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u679c\u8747\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u5462\uff1f\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\u7684 GPS\uff0c\u800c\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6c34\u5e73\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6700\u8fd1\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u56db\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u95f4\u9694\u6216\u6761\u5e26\u4e3a\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5229\u7528\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6982\u7387\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u6c34\u5e73\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u4f73\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u76841%\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7a81\u53d8\u83cc\u682a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u80da\u80ce\u53d8\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5f62\u6001[10]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5\uff1a\u679c\u8747\u65e9\u671f\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7279\u5b9a\u8eab\u4f53\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u7f3a\u5931 | Haecker A, Qi D, Lilja T, Moussian B, Andrioli LP, Luschnig S, Mannervik M<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u6307\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u903c\u771f\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u6216\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4f46\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u542f\u793a\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9999\u519c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9999\u519c\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6240\u4f20\u8fbe\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u73af\u5883\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u63a2\u5f97\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u6216\u73af\u5883\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u514b\u91cc\u514b<\/span>\uff08Francis Crick\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6c83\u68ee<\/span>\uff08James Watson\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u63a8\u5bfc\u51faDNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u5927\u7ea6\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5355\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4eceDNA\u5230\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u65e9\u5df2\u5f97\u77e5\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u57f9\u517b\u76bf\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u4e8e\u62e5\u6324\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u63a5\u89e6\u6291\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ec6\u83cc\u5728\u5931\u91cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4f1a\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u5854\u592b\u8328\u5927\u5b66\u827e\u4f26\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684 Michael Levin \u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002Levin \u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u957f\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u50cf\u673a\u68b0\u529b\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5065\u5eb7\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u7535\u6781\u5316\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6cf5\u51fa\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u58c1\u4e24\u4fa7\u7ef4\u6301\u51e0\u5341\u6216\u51e0\u767e\u6beb\u4f0f\u7684\u7535\u52bf\u5dee\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u764c\u7ec6\u80de\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u53bb\u6781\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Levin \u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6781\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u3001\u4f24\u53e3\u6108\u5408\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u518d\u751f\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u7834\u574f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u6781\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u79e9\u5e8f[11]<\/span>\u3002\u6241\u5f62\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\u6da1\u866b\u7eb2\u7684\u7247\u86ed\u79d1\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08planaria\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e24\u4fa7\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a8\u7269\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53ea\u666e\u901a\u7684\u866b\u5b50\u88ab\u5207\u6210\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4f1a\u957f\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\uff0c\u5c3e\u5df4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4f1a\u957f\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u53ea\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u866b\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u4f24\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7535\u6781\u5316\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5934\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c3e\u5df4\u7684\u866b\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6\uff1a\u8fd9\u53ea\u53cc\u5934\u866b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u7eb5\u7535\u6781\u6027\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u866b\u5b50\u88ab\u5207\u6210\u4e24\u534a\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u7e41\u6b96\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53cc\u5934\u866b\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u548c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5355\u5934\u866b\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684DNA\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86\u540e\u4ee3 | Adapted from T. Nogi et al., PLOS Negl. Trop. Dis. 3, e464, 2009<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u602a\u7269\u5207\u6210\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53cc\u5934\u866b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53cc\u5934\u866b\uff0c\u53cc\u5c3e\u866b\u540c\u6837\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684DNA\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5374\u50cf\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u7136\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u622a\u65ad\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u6c34\u5e73\u6307\u5bfc\u5408\u9002\u7684\u518d\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff1f\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u540c\u6b65\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5417\uff1f<\/span>
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\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u800c\u975e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u601d\u8003\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982PowerPoint\uff09<\/span>\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u539f\u7406\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7535\u8def\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7406\u89e3\u5f97\u540c\u6837\u591a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u81ea\u725b\u987f\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u5c31\u6e17\u900f\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u8f68\u8ff9\u53ef\u79ef\u6027\u548c\u904d\u5386\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5f00\u542f\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u65e2\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6f14\u5316\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6df7\u6c8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u4ee5\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4e09\u8054\u4f53 CGT \u7f16\u7801\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u6c28\u9178\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u50cf\u662f\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0cCGT\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7cbe\u6c28\u9178\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u662f\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u4ece\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u65e9\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u903c\u771f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c06\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/span><\/strong>[2, 12]<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u5947\u884c\u4e3a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u5f53\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5c06\u5b83\u4e0e\u4e00\u76d8\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u505a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u68cb\u624b\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u63a2\u7d22\u68cb\u5b50\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u53ea\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u867d\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u591a\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6559\u5360\u636e\u76f8\u540c\u989c\u8272\u7684\u65b9\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u73b0\u5728\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6709\u70b9\u50bb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u767d\u68cb\u5904\u4e8e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u9ed1\u68cb\u7684\u5175\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u524d\u8d70\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u540e\u8d70\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u7248\u672c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6211\u5728\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/strong>\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fee\u6539\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6355\u83b7\u81ea\u4e0a\u5411\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u6392\u65b9\u683c<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u6216\u50cf\u7d20\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u586b\u5145\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u522b\u662f\u767d\u8272\u548c\u9ed1\u8272\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u80de\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u8fd1\u90bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709256\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219[13]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe7\uff1a\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u8868\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5143\u80de\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5143\u80de\u72b6\u6001 |  Cormullion\/Wikipedia<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8981\u73a9\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5143\u80de\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u5143\u80de\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e3a0\u548c1\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5e8f\u5217\u2014\u2014\u7136\u540e\u53cd\u590d\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e4f\u5473\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fee\u6539\u7248\u672c\u7684\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u540c\u4e8b Alyssa Adams \u548c Sara Walker \u8ba1\u7b97\u8026\u5408\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5141\u8bb8\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u65f6\u6539\u53d8[14]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u8981\u5e94\u7528256\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5143\u80de\u6346\u7ed1\u6210\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e09\u8054\u4f53\u2014\u2014000\u3001010\u3001110\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e09\u8054\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5c31\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u65e2\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6307\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Adams \u548c  Walker \u5728\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u65e2\u5f00\u653e\u2014\u2014\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u56de\u5230\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u53c8\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u5e8f\u5217\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709256\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u7248\u672c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6559\u6700\u7ec8\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u989c\u8272\u7684\u65b9\u683c\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f88\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46 Adams \u548c  Walker \u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6355\u6349\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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4. \u91cf\u5b50\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u65b0\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u51fa\u73b0\u5462\uff1f\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u8bb8\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5361\u901a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u5bfb\u627e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc<\/span>\uff08\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u6216\u7a7a\u7a74\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0cG\u00e1bor Vattay \u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u8517\u7cd6\u548c\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20D3\uff0c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0e\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u548c\u65e0\u5e8f\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u8f6c\u53d8\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8f93\u8fd0\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201d[16]<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u5947\u5f02\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u8c03\u8c10\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u6240\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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5. \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u78b0\u649e<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u60e0\u52d2<\/span>\uff08John Archibald Wheeler\uff09<\/span>\u5e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u78b0\u649e<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u7a33\u6b65\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5904\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u78b0\u649e\u51fa\u7684\u706b\u82b1\u9884\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66[2]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u3002\u5947\u5999\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u653e\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u731c\u6d4b\uff1a\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6f5c\u85cf\u5728\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u524d\u6cbf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] E. Schr\u00f6dinger, What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, Cambridge U. Press (1944). <\/span><\/p>\n

[2] P. Davies, The Demon in the MachineHow Hidden Webs of Information Are Solving the Mystery of Life, U. Chicago Press (2019). <\/span><\/p>\n

[3] U. Alon, An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits, Chapman & Hall\/CRC Press (2006). <\/span><\/p>\n

[4] J. Soni, R. Goodman, A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age, Simon & Schuster (2017). <\/span><\/p>\n

[5] P. Hoffman, Life\u2019s Ratchet: How Molecular Machines Extract Order from Chaos, Basic Books (2012). <\/span><\/p>\n

[6] P. M. Binder, A. Danchin, Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. Rep. 12(1), 495 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/embor.2011.83.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] P. Ball, \u201cBacteria replicate close to the physical limit of efficiency,\u201d Nature (20 September 2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature.2012.11446.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] W. Loewenstein, The Touchstone of Life: Molecular Information, Cell Communication, and the Foundations of Life, Oxford U. Press (1999), p. 227. <\/span><\/p>\n

[9] J. Smith, E. Davidson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 20089 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0806442105.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] M. D. Petkova et al., Cell 176, 844 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.007.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11] M. Levin, Regen. Med. 6, 667 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/rme.11.69.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12] N. Goldenfeld, C. Woese, Annu. Rev. Cond. Mat. Phys. 2, 375 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140509.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13] S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media (2002). <\/span><\/p>\n

[14] A. Adams et al., Sci. Rep. 7, 997 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep37716.<\/span><\/p>\n

[15] J. McFadden, J. Al-Khalili, Life on the Edge: The Coming of Age of Quantum Biology, Broadway Books (2014). <\/span><\/p>\n

[16] G. Vattay et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 626, 012023 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/626\/1\/012023.<\/span><\/p>\n

[17] V. Serreli et al., Nature 445, 523 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05452, <\/span><\/p>\n

[18] J. V. Koski et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 13786 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1406966111.<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aPaul Davies<\/span><\/section>\n
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