{"id":22097,"date":"2020-11-22T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2020-11-22T14:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22097"},"modified":"2020-11-22T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2020-11-22T14:14:26","slug":"%e7%be%a4%e4%bd%93%e5%86%b3%e7%ad%96%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%90%8e%e5%85%a5%e8%80%85%e4%bc%98%e5%8a%bf%ef%bc%9a%e5%bc%82%e8%b4%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%a1%91%e9%80%a0%e6%9b%b4%e8%81%aa%e6%98%8e%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22097","title":{"rendered":"\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u5165\u8005\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5851\u9020\u66f4\u806a\u660e\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1. \u57fa\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/a>\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7531\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u56e0\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66[1]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u6f14\u53d8[2]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u968f\u673a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u63a2\u5458\u641c\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u65f6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u88d5\u4e14\u73af\u4fdd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91c7\u7528\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u201d\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\uff1a\u5f53\u671d\u7740\u627f\u62c5\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6f14\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u671d\u7740\u7ed3\u679c\u76f4\u7ebf\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u53ca\u4f55\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u30fc\u30fc\u5373\u89e6\u53d1\u8d2d\u4e70\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u30fc\u30fc\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u5230\u8fbe\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/span>\uff08first-passage problem\uff09<\/span>[3] \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u62df\u5408\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6765\u81ea\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u539f\u5219[2, 4]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u57fa\u4e8e\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Karamched \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4eba<\/span>\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u5c1a\u672a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6a21\u62df\u4e3a\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b97\u6cd5\u53d1\u5c55[5]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Karamched \u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u597d\u671d\u7740\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

Heterogeneity Improves Speed and Accuracy in Social Networks<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.125.218302<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u8005\uff0cTa \u9010\u6e10\u8bf4\u670d\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u672a\u51b3\u5b9a\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u7eff\u8272\u4e3a\u843d\u540e\u8005<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5728\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53<\/a><\/span>\uff08agent\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u504f\u597d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c +\u03b8\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u5229\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8fbe\u5230 -\u03b8\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u03b8 \u7684\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u03b8 \u7684\u503c\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u843d\u540e\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u03b8 \u7684\u503c\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u504f\u597d\u670d\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5c06\u6162\u6162\u5411\u6709\u5229\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u503e\u659c\u3002\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u9608\u503c (+\u03b8 \u6216 -\u03b8) \u6765\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u540c\u8d28\u7684<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9608\u503c\uff09<\/span>\u8fd8\u662f\u5f02\u8d28\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6709\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u8005\u548c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9608\u503c\u7684\u843d\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u540c\u8d28\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5c06\u8bf4\u670d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u9608\u503c\u7684\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6709\u5229\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u7a0d\u5fae\u8fc7\u534a\u7684\u4eba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u8bf4\u670d\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4eba\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u843d\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u5360<\/span>\u66f4\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u843d\u540e\u8005\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u5229\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c[4]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u8005\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9501\u5b9a\u843d\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548<\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u5176\u521b\u65b0\u6027\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u8fc7\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u9501\u5b9a\u843d\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u5065\u5eb7\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6765\u81ea Karamched \u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u786e\u5b9a\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u8c01\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u6700\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7f16\u8bd1\u81ea\uff1a
https:\/\/physics.aps.org\/articles\/v13\/175<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

[1] C. Castellano, \u201cStatistical physics of social dynamics,\u201d Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 591 (2009).<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] R. A. Blythe, \u201cColloquium: Hierarchy of scales in language dynamics,\u201d Eur. Phys. J. B 88, 295 (2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] S. Redner, A guide to first passage processes (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001)<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] E. M. Rogers, Diffusion of innovations (Free Press, New York, 2003)<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] S. J. Gershman et al., \u201cComputational rationality: A converging paradigm for intelligence in brains, minds, and machines,\u201d Science 349, 273 (2015).<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
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\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6 <\/span>\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n

\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\ud83d\udc47\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u53d7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u8005\u201d\uff08adopter\uff09\u548c\u201c\u843d\u540e\u8005\u201d\uff08laggard\uff09\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Bhargav Karamched \u5728Physical Review Letters\u4e0a\u7684\u6700…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22097"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22097"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=22097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}