{"id":22219,"date":"2020-11-29T19:24:32","date_gmt":"2020-11-29T11:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22219"},"modified":"2020-11-29T19:24:32","modified_gmt":"2020-11-29T11:24:32","slug":"%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%aa%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9a2010-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22219","title":{"rendered":"\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\uff1a2010\u20132020"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u300c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u957f\u6bd4\u55bb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c2010\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5145\u6ee1\u70e6\u607c\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u300c\u9752\u6625\u671f\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span>\u300d<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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\u5b5f\u51e1\u5eb7\uff0cTom Ellis<\/span>
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Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology<\/span><\/p>\n

Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u6ce8\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea2020\u5e7410\u670814\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u5728Nature Communication<\/em>\u7684COMMENT\u6587\u7ae0: The second decade of synthetic biology: 2010\u20132020<\/strong><\/em>\u3002<\/span>\u6587\u7ae0\u7bc7\u5e45\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u8bc4\u8ff0\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf7\u89c1\u8c05\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Cite\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/em>Meng, F. and Ellis, T. (2020) The second decade of synthetic biology: 2010\u20132020. Nat Commun<\/em>, 11, 5174.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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2020\u5e74\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf20\u5c81\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5145\u6ee1\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span>\u4f46\u5728\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f2010\u5e74\u81f32020\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7092\u4f5c\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u88ab\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u56de\u987e2010\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5f15\u8d77\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662fJ. Craig Venter\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span>\uff08JCVI\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4<\/span>[1]<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u8868\u660e\uff1aDNA\u5408\u6210\u548c\u7ec4\u88c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5146\u78b1\u57fa\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6269\u5927DNA\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5176\u4ed6\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3002<\/span>\u57282010\u5e74\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u201cFive Hard Truths for Synthetic Biology\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u7406\u5ff5\/\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u8fdb\u5c55\u6b63\u5728\u62d6\u6162\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5151\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u5316\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u811a\u6b65[2]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe2\uff1a<\/span>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1-\u6784\u5efa-\u6d4b\u8bd5-\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u7684\u786e\uff0c<\/span>\u56de\u987e\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u7a0b\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u901a\u8fc7iGEM\u6bd4\u8d5b\u6765\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5143\u4ef6\uff1a\u5143\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7BioBrick\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e32\u8054\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u6784\u5efa\u8868\u8fbe\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u7ec6\u80de\u540e\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5982\u9884\u671f\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7f16\u8f91DNA\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u8feb\u5207<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u57282011\u5e74\u548c2012\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u7684CRISPR\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u8f91\u6280\u672f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u987a\u5176\u800c\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u30022006\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cGeorge Church\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2aTAG\u7ec8\u6b62\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u7a81\u53d8\u4e3aTAA\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u7684\u9879\u76ee[5]\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u591f\u7701\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u5929\u7136\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5f15\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u6539\u53d8\u7ec6\u80de\u5185DNA\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e2013\u5e74\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5c55\u793a\u4e86CRISPR\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u540c\u65f6George Church\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u5728CRISPR\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9a71\u52a8\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5207\u5272DNA\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684dCas\uff1adCas9\u4e0eDNA\u7ed3\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u5730\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u63a7[6]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136CRISPR\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5b83\u7684\u5148\u9a71TALENs\uff08TAL-Effector\u6838\u9178\u9176\uff09\u5728\u9769\u65b0\u8fc7\u53bb10\u5e74\u4e2d\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u503c\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d5e\u8a89\u3002<\/span><\/strong>TALENs\u672c\u8eab\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u7684DNA\u7ed3\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u57282011\u5e74\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cTALENs\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178DNA\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001PCR\u751a\u81f3Gibson\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u8bb0\u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u8033\u5149\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528TALENs\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u8d2d\u4e70\u5927\u91cf\u5408\u6210\u7684DNA\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7cbe\u901a\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7684DNA\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7ec4\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81eaAddgene\u7684Golden Gate Assembly TALEN\u514b\u9686\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e09\u4ef6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86DNA\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u5feb\u3002Golden Gate Assembly\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Addgene\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u514b\u9686<\/span><\/span>\uff08MoClo\uff09<\/span>\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5143\u4ef6\u5e93\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e13\u7528\u4e8eDNA\u81ea\u52a8\u514b\u9686\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684DNA\u5408\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u52a8\u624b\u6784\u5efa\u514b\u9686\u66f4\u5177\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u56e0\u5408\u6210\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u5e76\u884c\u5408\u6210\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u5be1\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u201c\u5be1\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6c60\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08NGS\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5408\u6210DNA\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0a\u66f4\u5177\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7a81\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5e76\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u8bbe\u8ba1[7]\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u57fa\u56e0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u548cNGS<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982barcoded RNAseq\uff09<\/span>\u5076\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u65b0\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7ec4\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/strong>\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5DNA\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f13\u6162\u800c\u6602\u8d35\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u6548\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f29\u5c0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1DNA\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7531David Baker\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7406\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u5feb\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cDavid Baker\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u86cb\u767d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u9175\u6bcd\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u57fa\u56e0\u7ebf\u8def\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u5206[8]\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aMycoplasma genitalium\u5168\u7ec6\u80de\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5e03[9]\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u8fdbCraig Veter\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u57282016\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff1a\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u751f\u547dSynthia 3.0\u8bde\u751f\u4e86[10]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9645Sc2.0\u8ba1\u5212\u4e5f\u5c06\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5e26\u5165\u4e86\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fee\u9970\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u7684\u5408\u6210\u9175\u6bcd\u67d3\u8272\u4f53[11]\u3002\u57282019\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u80a0\u6746\u83cc\u5728\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5220\u51cf\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e0a\u76843\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u975e\u5929\u7136\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5206\u5b50[12]\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u975e\u5929\u7136\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u975e\u5929\u7136\u6838\u9178-\u975e\u5929\u7136\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u4e0e\u89e3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

DNA\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4f53\u5916\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eeaMolecular Recorder\u201d\u9057\u4f20\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eea\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u7ec4\u9176\u6216\u8005CRISPR\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u6765\u50a8\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5206\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eea\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u76ca\u751f\u83cc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u76ca\u751f\u83cc\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u80a0\u9053\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u76d1\u6d4b\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u6539\u9020\u76ca\u751f\u83cc\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u5c3f\u6db2\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u4e5f\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ea0\u6b63\u4ee3\u8c22\u7d0a\u4e71\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u6740\u6b7b\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5236\u836f\u884c\u4e1a\u6700\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u9776\u5411\u764c\u75c7\u7684CAR-T\u7ec6\u80de\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u57c3\u535a\u62c9\u548c\u5be8\u5361\u75c5\u539f\u4f53RNA\u7684\u7eb8\u8d28\u751f\u7269\u611f\u5e94\u5668[13]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u5927\u591a\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6838\u9178\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Toehold Switch\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u8005\u652f\u6491\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b[14]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u533b\u7597\u5065\u5eb7\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u6b62\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8000\u773c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ec6\u80de\u56fa\u5b9aCO2\u548c\u6c2e\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u9175\u6bcd\u4ea7\u751f\u7c7b\u963f\u7247\u548c\u5927\u9ebb\u7d20\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u94f8\u9020\u5382\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6539\u9020\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210[15]\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u5728Amyris\u3001Genomatica\u3001Ginkgo\u548cZymergen\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56de\u987e\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u548c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u786e\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u4e3a\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u57282010\u5e74\u88ab\u7092\u4f5c\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5168\u7403\u6570\u767e\u5bb6\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u4f30\u503c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/strong>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u7acb\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u4ea7\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u751f\u7269\u836f\u7269\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3001\u76ca\u751f\u83cc\uff0c\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3001\u80a5\u6599\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u548ciGEM\u5b66\u751f\u521b\u7acb\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7279\u522b\u9e23\u8c22\uff1aWe wish to thank everyone who engaged with a July 2020 Twitter conversation on the most important achievements in synthetic biology from the last 10 years which helped to shape this article. A link to this conversation is here: https:\/\/twitter.com\/ProfTomEllis\/ status\/1280982288797446144<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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[1] Gibson, D. G. et al. Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome. Science 329, 52\u201356 (2010).<\/span><\/section>\n
[2] Kwok, R. Five hard truths for synthetic biology. Nature 463, 288\u2013290 (2010).<\/span><\/section>\n
[3] Wang, B., Kitney, R. I., Joly, N. & Buck, M. Engineering modular and orthogonal genetic logic gates for robust digital-like synthetic biology. Nat. Commun. 2, 508 (2011).<\/span><\/section>\n
[4] Nielsen, A. A. K. et al. Genetic circuit design automation. Science 352, aac7341 (2016).<\/span><\/section>\n
[5] Lajoie, M. J. et al. Genomically recoded organisms expand biological functions. Science 342, 357\u2013360 (2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
[6] Qi, L. S. et al. Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell 152, 1173\u20131183 (2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
[7] Cambray, G., Guimaraes, J. C. & Arkin, A. P. Evaluation of 244,000 synthetic sequences reveals design principles to optimize translation in Escherichia coli. Nat. Biotechnol. 36, 1005\u20131015 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n
[8] Ng, A. H. et al. Modular and tunable biological feedback control using a de novo protein switch. Nature 572, 265\u2013269 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
[9] Karr, J. R. et al. A whole-cell computational model predicts phenotype from genotype. Cell 150, 389\u2013401 (2012).<\/span><\/section>\n
[10] Hutchison, C. A. 3rd et al. Design and synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome. Science 351, aad6253 (2016).<\/span><\/section>\n
[11] Richardson, S. M. et al. Design of a synthetic yeast genome. Science 355, 1040\u20131044 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
[12] Fredens, J. et al. Total synthesis of Escherichia coli with a recoded genome. Nature 569, 514\u2013518 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
[13] Pardee, K. et al. Paper-based synthetic gene networks. Cell 159, 940\u2013954 (2014).<\/span><\/section>\n
[14] Tinafar, A., Jaenes, K. & Pardee, K. Synthetic biology goes cell-free. BMC Biol 17, 64 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
[15] Casini, A. et al. A pressure test to make 10 molecules in 90 days: external evaluation of methods to engineer biology. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 4302\u20134316 (2018).<\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cswarma@swarma.org
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\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u300c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u957f\u6bd4\u55bb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c2010\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5145\u6ee1\u70e6\u607c\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u300c\u9752\u6625\u671f\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u300d \u5b5f\u51e1\u5eb7\uff0cTom Ellis Imperial College Centre…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22212,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22219"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22219"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22219\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22219"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=22219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}