{"id":22404,"date":"2020-12-06T19:16:55","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T11:16:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22404"},"modified":"2020-12-06T19:16:55","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T11:16:55","slug":"pc%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%ef%bc%9a%e7%bc%ba%e5%a4%b1%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22404","title":{"rendered":"PC\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8ddf\u6570\u636e\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5168\u6216\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u56e0\u679c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5c60\u777f\u535a\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\u7684PC\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u5361\u8010\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u9ec4\u78a7\u8587\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u6240\u6574\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u7b97\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u798f\u5c14\u6469\u65af\u201d\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u90ed\u745e\u4e1c | \u8bb2\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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1. \u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u5e26\u6765\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u667a\u5546\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6bd4\u8f83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f55\u53d6\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u667a\u5546\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ea\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5305\u542b\u7f3a\u5931\u9879\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u667a\u5546\u548c\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u51fa\u201c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u5e73\u5747\u667a\u5546\u66f4\u9ad8\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe1. \u865a\u62df\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6807\u7ea2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u542b\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u667a\u5546\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2. \u667a\u5546\u548c\u6027\u522b\u5171\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u5b66\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5b66\u5f55\u53d6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eIQ\u9879\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u7ed9\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe3<\/span>
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\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cRy\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u6307\u793a\u53d8\u91cf<\/span> (missingness indicator)<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53d8\u91cfY\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u4e22\u5931\u6570\u636e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aRy\u7684\u6570\u503c\u7531\u53d8\u91cfW\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53d8\u91cfW\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u7f3a\u5931\u6307\u793a\u53d8\u91cfRy\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0<\/span>\uff08direct cause\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u56fe<\/span>\uff08missingness graph\uff09<\/span>[1]\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u53d8\u91cfY*<\/span>\uff08proxy variable\uff09<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u542b\u6709\u4e22\u5931\u6570\u636e\u7684Y\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8eY\uff0cRy\u548cY*\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u552f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540e\u6587\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\u4e2d\u5c06\u4e0d\u753b\u51faY*\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4. \u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u673a\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u6587\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5047\u5b9a\u4e22\u5931\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5e38\u8bc6\u548c\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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2. \u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e22\u5931\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931[4]\u3002<\/span>
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\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931<\/span>\uff08Missing Completely At Random\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u548c\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u4e8e\u786c\u76d8\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e22\u5305\u7b49\u4e0e\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0MCAR\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5. MCAR\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u79f0\u4e3a\u53d7\u968f\u673a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931<\/span>\uff08Missing At Random\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u662f\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u914d\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u989d\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0MAR\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6. MAR\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u4e0d\u968f\u673a<\/span>\uff08Missing Not At Random\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u8d2d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5f88\u8ba8\u538c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u662f\u5426\u7ed9\u5546\u54c1\u6253\u5206\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d2d\u7269\u8005\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f3a\u5931\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe7. MNAR\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u6709\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\uff0c\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u649e\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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<\/section>\n
\u56fe8. \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7531\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8fde\u8fb9\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea2\u8fb9\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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3. \u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u89e3\uff1a<\/span>
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<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7f3a\u5931\u6307\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c2\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7f3a\u5931\u6307\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u4ee3\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u7f3a\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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4. \u5305\u542b\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u636e\u7684PC\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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PC\u7b97\u6cd5[2]\u9996\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u751f\u6210\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u641c\u7d22\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe9. PC\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5728\u5047\u5b9a\u7ebf\u6027\u9ad8\u65af\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6743\u91cd\u548c\u566a\u58f0\u9879\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0W\u548cXYZ\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u548c\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b66\u5230\u7531W\u5230XYZ\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8865\u5168\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ee1\u8db3\u7406\u60f3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664W\u548cRy\u662f\u5426\u7f3a\u5931\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684W\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u5426\u7f3a\u5931Ry\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\u5728\u6253\u4e71\u540e\u7684Ws\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8865\u5168\u5668\u548c\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u4e16\u754c\u7684X’\uff0cY’\u548cZ’\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6837\u672c\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728X’\uff0cY’\u548cZ’\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0cMVPC\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8eMAR\u6216\u8005MNAR\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u60c5\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe12. \u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u4e0bMVPC\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5728\u66f4\u5c11\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u78a7\u8587\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u66f4\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

1. Mohan, Karthika, Judea Pearl, and Jin Tian. “Graphical models for inference with missing data.”  Advances in neural information processing systems. 2013<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Rubin, Donald B. “Inference and missing data.” Biometrika 63, no. 3 (1976): 581-592.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., Scheines, R., Kauffman, S., Aimale, V., & Wimberly, F. (2000). Constructing Bayesian network models of gene expression networks from microarray data<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Ruibo Tu, Cheng Zhang, Paul Ackermann, Karthika Mohan, Clark Glymour, Hedvig Kjellstr\u00f6m, and Kun Zhang. Causal discovery in the presence of missing data. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5c60\u777f\u535a\u5728\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal AI\u201d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u5185\u9644PPT\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/1970<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal AI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7531\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u667a\u6e90\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u529e\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u5c55\u4e3a\u671f\u6570\u6708\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u7814\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u524d\u6cbf\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4ed8\u8d39\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u770b\u5f80\u671f\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u5e76\u8fdb\u7fa4\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7200\u4f4d\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u9ad8\u6548\u79d1\u7814\u9662\u6240\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e00\u7ebf\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e Causal AI \u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a | \u4f17\u5305\u51fa\u4e66<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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