{"id":22494,"date":"2020-12-07T23:10:05","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T15:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22494"},"modified":"2020-12-07T23:10:05","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T15:10:05","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e5%85%83%e8%83%9e%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e6%9c%ba-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22494","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n

\u201c\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u7cbe\u9009\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u4e13\u680f\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u63a8\u9001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u79d1\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u5e0c\u671b\u6253\u9020\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6700\u5168\u9762\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u77e5\u8bc6\u6574\u7406\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u52a0\u5165\uff01<\/span>
<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u201c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u201d\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u6458\u5f55\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u8bcd\u6761\u7531\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4f17\u5305\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u5b58\u5728\u7eb0\u6f0f\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u7559\u8a00\u53cd\u9988\u6216\u8005\u524d\u5f80\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u9875\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u79ef\u5206\u5956\u52b1\u5662\uff01<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001<\/strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u521d\u7b49\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5316\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001\u5efa\u6a21\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90\u63a8\u8350<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u62db\u52df<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n

                                             <\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

1.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a cellular automata\uff08CA<\/span><\/strong>\uff09 \uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e5f\u8bd1\u4f5c\u7ec6\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u70b9\u683c\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u5355\u5143\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u79bb\u6563\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u62df\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7531\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u521b\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4f55\u987f\u00b7\u5eb7\u5a01 John Horton Conway\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u52d2\u59c6 Stephen Wolfram\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf Complex Systems\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5143\u80de\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u68cb\u76d8\u81ea\u52a8\u673a tessellation automata\uff0c\u540c\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u68cb\u76d8\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u5c55\u793a<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5143\u80de\u7f51\u683c\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6563\u5e03\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u683c\u7f51 Lattice Grid \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5143\u80de Cell \u53d6\u6709\u9650\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u89c4\u5219\u4f5c\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4e0e\u8026\u5408\u6620\u8c61\u6676\u683c coupled map lattice \u76f8\u53cd\uff09\u3002\u7f51\u683c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u6709\u9650\u7ef4\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5176\u90bb\u57df\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u65f6\u95f4t = 0\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08t\u589e\u52a01\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u8fd1\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e5f\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u968f\u673a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6d1b\u65af\u963f\u62c9\u83ab\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4 Los Alamos National Laboratory \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65af\u5766\u5c3c\u65af\u74e6\u592b\u2022\u4e4c\u62c9\u59c6 Stanislaw Ulam \u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc John von Neumann\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba120\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u523060\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5eb7\u5a01\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f Conway’s Game of Life\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u5f15\u8d77\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u52d2\u59c6 Stephen \u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u521d\u7b49\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u7406\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u5e93\u514b Matthew Cook \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u5907 Turing-complete <\/strong>\u7684\u3002\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u57282002\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66 a New Kind of Science\u300b\u8fd9\u4e00\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5df2\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

2.\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u62df\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u5f20\u65e0\u9650\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u683c\u7eb8\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u5957\u5143\u80de\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u6784\u6210\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5355\u5143\u683c\u201d \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u548c\u767d\u8272\u3002\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u662f\u6307\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002 <\/span>
<\/h1>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u90bb\u57df\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u90bb\u57df von Neumann neighborhood \u548c\u6469\u5c14\u90bb\u57df Moore neighborhood\u3002\u524d\u8005\u75314\u4e2a\u6b63\u4ea4\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u9886\u57df\u548c\u659c\u5bf9\u89d2\u76f8\u90bb\u76844\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u53ca\u5176\u6469\u5c14\u90bb\u57df\uff0c\u6709512(29)\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u5c06\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5355\u5143\u683c\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u8fd8\u662f\u767d\u8272\u3002\u5eb7\u5a01\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f Conway’s Game of Life<\/strong><\/a>\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7248\u672c\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ea2\u8272\u5355\u5143\u683c\u662f\u84dd\u8272\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u90bb\u57df<\/span>
<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u90bb\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b63\u4ea4\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6700\u8fd1\u76842\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u603b\u51718\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f kks\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d k \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0cs \u662f\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6570\u76ee(\u5305\u62ec\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u672c\u8eab)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u90bb\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5171\u6709229\u4e2a\uff0c\u53731.34*10154\u4e2a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ea2\u8272\u5355\u5143\u683c\u662f\u84dd\u8272\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u90bb\u57df\u3002\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7c89\u8272\u5355\u5143\u683c<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u7684\u5206\u914d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u914d\u7f6e configuration\u3002\u66f4\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5047\u8bbe\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7f51\u683c\u4e0a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u9650\u7f51\u683c\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u5e73\u9762\u3002\u6709\u9650\u7f51\u683c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u73af\u5f62\u6392\u5217\u5904\u7406: \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u65e0\u4e0a\u90bb\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u76f8\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u5e95\u90e8\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u90bb\u57df\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u65e0\u5de6\u90bb\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u76f8\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u53f3\u4fa7\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f3\u90bb\u57df\uff08\u8fd9\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u65e0\u9650\u5468\u671f\u7684\u62fc\u63a5\uff0c\u5728\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5468\u671f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6)\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u7528\u80f6\u5e26\u628a\u77e9\u5f62\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7c98\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u72b6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u7ba1\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u548c\u5e95\u90e8\u8fb9\u7f18\u7c98\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u73af(\u751c\u751c\u5708\u5f62\u72b6)\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u90bb\u57df\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u683c xit \u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u662f<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d t \u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u957f(\u7eb5\u8f74)\uff0ci \u662f\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15(\u6a2a\u8f74)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3.\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n
<\/span>
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e4c\u62c9\u59c6\u5728\u6d1b\u65af\u963f\u62c9\u83ab\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u957f\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e4c\u62c9\u59c6\u5728\u6d1b\u65af\u963f\u62c9\u83ab\u65af\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc John von Neumann\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u5236\u9020\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u672c\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u96f6\u4ef6\u201d\u6765\u5236\u9020\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u57281948\u5e74\u7684\u5e0c\u514b\u68ee\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a Hixon Symposium\u4e0a\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300aThe general and logical theory of automata\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4e4c\u62c9\u59c6\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u79bb\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u00b7\u5df4\u91cc\u5207\u5229\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e4c\u62c9\u59c6\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u6d41\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5c06\u6d41\u4f53\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u79bb\u6563\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u76f8\u90bb\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4c\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a Cellular Automata\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u590d\u5236\u548c\u6784\u9020\u5668\u5728\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5c0f\u90bb\u57df\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5185\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u662f\u90bb\u57df\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u662f\u90bb\u57df\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u670929\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a20\u4e07\u4e2a\u5143\u80de\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u683c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u5730\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u68cb\u76d8\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u7167\u7247<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3\u548c\u963f\u56fe\u7f57\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u53ef\u6fc0\u53d1\u4ecb\u8d28\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5fc3\u810f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8109\u51b2\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u6ce2\u524d\u662f\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

1978\u5e74\uff0cJ.m. Greenberg\u548cS. P. Hastings\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79cd\u53ef\u6fc0\u53d1\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u548c\u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5173\u4e8e\u5fc3\u5f8b\u5931\u5e38\u548c\u5174\u594b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8be6\u7ec6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\uff09\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5176\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c Gustav Arnold Hedlund\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6c47\u7f16\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u4ecd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5728Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon \u5b9a\u7406\u4e2d\u5c06\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u79fb\u4f4d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u81ea\u540c\u6001\u96c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

1969\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5148\u9a71\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u695a\u6cfd Konrad Zuse\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300aCalculating Space\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u695a\u6cfd\u7406\u8bba Zuse theory\u6210\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u662f\u57281969\u5e74\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5c14\u7ef4\u00b7\u96f7\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af Alvy Ray Smith\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5173\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u51fa\u81ea\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587: \u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u72b6\u90bb\u57df\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u6469\u5c14\u90bb\u57df\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u90bb\u57df\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u90bb\u57df\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u90bb\u57df\u3002\u4ed6\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5177\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u5185\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7ed3\u6784\u666e\u904d\u6027\u8bc1\u660e(\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668)\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u8ba1\u7b97\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5173\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e66\u7684\u5fb7\u6587\u7248\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u7bc7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u73b0\u4ee3\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u5eb7\u5a01\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f Conway’s Game of Life\u7684\u4e24\u6001\u3001\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u754c\u3002\u8be5\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4f55\u987f\u00b7\u5eb7\u5a01 John Horton Conway\u53d1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3 Martin Gardner\u5728\u300aScientific American\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u5176\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b:<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6d3b\u7684\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u4e3a\u6b7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u8db3\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e09\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6d3b\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6d3b\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6b7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269\u9020\u6210\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \u4efb\u4f55\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6b7b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u82e5\u6b63\u597d\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6d3b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7e41\u6b96\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8868\u89c2\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6ed1\u7fd4\u673a\u201d\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6ed1\u7fd4\u673a\u7684\u6392\u5217\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u6392\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4f7f\u6ed1\u7fd4\u673a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u4eff\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a31\u4e50\u6027\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5219\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u52d2\u59c6 Stephen Wolfram\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u8fdd\u53cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e1981\u5e74\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u72ec\u7acb\u4ece\u4e8b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u5efa\u6a21\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    1983\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300aReviews of Modern Physics\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u521d\u7b49\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a(\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c30\u6761\u89c4\u5219)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u6000\u7591\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u673a\u5236\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u8fd8\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5185\u5728\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c110\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\u2014\u2014\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u624b\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u5e93\u514b Matthew Cook\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    2002\u5e74\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc71280\u9875\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66 a New Kind of Science\u300b \u5176\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f88\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u8be5\u4e66\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    4.\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n
    <\/span>
    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    Stephen Wolfram\u5728\u300a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66 a New Kind of Science\u300b\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u51e0\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b:<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    (1)\u5e73\u7a33\u578b\uff1a\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb,\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u6784\u5f62\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e73\u7a33\u5373\u6307\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u80de\u5904\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0d\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    (2)\u5468\u671f\u578b\uff1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784 Stable Paterns \u6216\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u6784 Perlodical Patterns\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668 Filter\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    (3)\u6df7\u6c8c\u578b\uff1a\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u975e\u5468\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u4e0d\u518d\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5206\u5f62\u5206\u7ef4\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    (4)\u590d\u6742\u578b\uff1a\u51fa\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u5c06\u521d\u8bd5\u70b9\u3001\u8f68\u9053\u3001\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u3001\u5468\u671f\u8f68\u548c\u7ec8\u6781\u8f68\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6982\u5ff5\u7528\u5230\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u5c06\u521d\u59cb\u70b9\u3001\u8f68\u9053\u3001\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u3001\u5468\u671f\u8f68\u548c\u7ec8\u6781\u8f68\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6982\u5ff5\u7528\u5230\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    (1)\u5747\u5300\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u70b9\u6001\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    (2)\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u5468\u671f\u8f68\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    (3)\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u6df7\u6c8c\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    (4)\u8fd9\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u8c61\u76f8\u6bd4\u62df\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5177\u6709\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u6d8c\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97 Emergent Computation<\/strong>\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a Universal Computer \u4ee5\u4eff\u771f\u4efb\u610f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006 Irreversibility<\/strong> \u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5728\u82e5\u5e72\u6709\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a “\u6b7b”\u6389\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5143\u80de\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u5173\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7814\u7a76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u6309\u7167\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u7c7b\u522b\u5982\u4e0b:<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7b2c1\u7c7b: \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u8fc5\u901f\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5747\u5300\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u968f\u673a\u6027\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7b2c2\u7c7b: \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u8fc5\u901f\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6216\u632f\u8361\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6ee4\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u66f4\u6539\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7b2c3\u7c7b:\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u4ee5\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6216\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u566a\u97f3\u8fc5\u901f\u7834\u574f\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u66f4\u6539\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7b2c4\u7c7b: \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u800c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7b2c2\u7c7b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6216\u632f\u8361\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u6b65\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u6563\u3002\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u63a8\u6d4b\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u89c4\u5219110\u548c\u5eb7\u5a01\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f Conway’s Game of Life\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u89e3\u91ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c…\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u901a\u7528\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64: \u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u201d\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u5df2\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u8f93\u51fa\u538b\u7f29\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u805a\u7c7b\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u53d7\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCulik \u548c Yu \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b(\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e94\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Culik-Yu \u7c7b; \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6c83\u5c14\u5f17\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u7b2c2\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a(\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9)\u548c\u5177\u6709\u632f\u8361(\u5468\u671f)\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5212\u52064\u7c7b\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6700\u521d\u6765\u81ea\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9a\u00b7\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25 Ilya Prigogine\uff0c\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b: (1)\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c(2)\u7a7a\u95f4 \/ \u65f6\u95f4\u5747\u5300\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c(3)\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c(4)\u5177\u6709\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u53ef\u9006\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u53ef\u9006\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784(\u539f\u50cf)\uff0c\u5219\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u53cc\u5c04\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u9006\u8f6c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a; \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662fCurtis-Hedlund-Lyndon\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9a\u7406\u662f\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u6709\u9884\u6620\u50cf\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6620\u50cf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u79f0\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u89c4\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u5b9a\u7406\u7531\u8d3e\u79d1\u00b7\u5361\u91cc Jarkko Kari\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0e\u738b\u6d69\u5e73\u94fa\u7684\u62fc\u8d34\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u9075\u5faa\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u8bf8\u5982\u6c14\u4f53\u548c\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u6784\u9020\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6258\u739b\u7d22\u00b7\u6258\u4f5b\u5229 Tommaso Toffoli\uff0c\u8bfa\u66fc\u00b7\u9a6c\u6208\u5362\u65af Norman Margolus\u7b49\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6784\u9020\u5177\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u4e8c\u9636\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u5206\u533a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6765\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5b8c\u5168\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a(\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ece\u6709\u9650\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c)\uff0ct\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u53d6\u503c\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e t-1\u65f6\u523b\u90bb\u8fd1\u5355\u5143\u683c\u53d6\u503c\u7684\u548c(\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c)\u3002\u5982\u679c t \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e t-1\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u5355\u5143\u683c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u5b8c\u5168\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5eb7\u5a01\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f Conway’s Game of Life \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u5b8c\u5168\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5355\u5143\u683c\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a0\u548c1; \u5916\u90e8\u5b8c\u5168\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u90bb\u57df\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4eff\u751f\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5173\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u5355\u5143\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u77e9\u5f62\uff08\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53\u7b49\uff09\u7f51\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u9762\u4ee5\u89c4\u5219\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5e73\u94fa\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u77e9\u5f62\u7f51\u683c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7f51\u683c\u672c\u8eab\u5f62\u72b6\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u5e73\u94fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6982\u7387\u89e6\u53d1\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u79f0\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4t\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4t+1\u65f6\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u89c4\u5219\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u91c7\u53d6\u300a\u5eb7\u5a01\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f Conway’s Game of Life\u300b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u67090.001\uff05\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u90bb\u57df\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5782\u76f4\u5355\u5143\u683c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a2\u00d72\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8fde\u7eed\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u50cf\u5b8c\u5168\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001{0,1,2}\u7684\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a[0,1]\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6570\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u6db2\u4f53\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u7ec4\u5408\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4ea7\u751fSierpi\u0144ski\u4e09\u89d2<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5177\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6570\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u636e\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7eb9\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075 Alan Turing\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6591\u9a6c\u548c\u8c79\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u7eb9\u7684\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u901a\u8fc7\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5bf9\u5176\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002MacLennan\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u793a\u4f8b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5a01\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f Conway’s Game of Life\u4e2d\u7684\u6ed1\u7fd4\u673a\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u56fe\u5f62\u518d\u751f\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fe\u5f62\u518d\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7ec4\u5408\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u5947\u6570\/\u5076\u6570\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u4e8e\u7f6e\u6362X\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u89c4\u5219\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684X\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c 120012101\u201d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u7816\u5899\u90bb\u5c45 Brickwall_neighborhood \u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u50cf\u903b\u8f91\u95e8 Logic gate\u4e00\u6837\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u5c45\u4e2d\u5355\u5143\u683c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684XOR \u95e8\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u9879\u5c06\u4ea7\u751fSierpi\u0144ski\u4e09\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    5.\u521d\u7b49\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u521d\u7b49\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a Elementary Cellular Automata\uff08ECA\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u5982\u4e0b\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n