{"id":22608,"date":"2020-12-10T18:08:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T10:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22608"},"modified":"2020-12-10T18:08:00","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T10:08:00","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e7%bb%8f%e9%aa%8c%e5%88%b0%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e3%80%81%e4%bb%8e%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%88%b0%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c-%e8%84%91%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22608","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56db\u6b21\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span>
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What I cannot create\uff0c I do not understand<\/span><\/section>\n
 \u2014\u2014physicist Richard Feynman<\/span><\/section>\n


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3. \u7ecf\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\uff0f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6851\u4ee3\u514b\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u6548\u679c\u5f8b \uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5f3a\u5316\u5f80\u540e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1913\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u534e\u751f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u6ca1\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u6839\u636e\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u4e0e\u51af\u7279\u7684\u5185\u7701\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u548c\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u957f\u8fbe\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1918\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u795e\u7ecf\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751fWalter Dandy\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8111\u5ba4\u50cf\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eX\u5149\u6210\u50cf\u5bf9\u4fa7\u8111\u5ba4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6ce8\u5c04\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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20 \u4e16\u7eaa 20 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5fb7\u56fd\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Hans Berger\u5728 \u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 EmilDuBois\u2043Reymond\u53d1 \u73b0\u795e\u7ecf\u7535\u6d3b\u52a8\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u5934\u76ae\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53c8\u76f8\u7ee7\u53d1\u660e\u8111\u78c1\u56fe\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u7535\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u78c1\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u795e\u7ecf\u7535\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u9635\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1927\u5e74\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Egas Moniz\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u5448\u73b0\u9885\u5185\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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20 \u4e16\u7eaa 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Kety \u56e2\u961f\u5c06\u6838\u7d20\u663e\u50cf\u5f15\u5165\u8111\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u653e\u5c04\u81ea\u663e\u50cf\u672f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4f53\u8111\u8840\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u8111\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6982\u62ec\u3002\u5728\u6069\u683c\u65af\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5904\u4e8e\u6574\u7406\u6750\u6599\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6309\u7167\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u77e5<\/span>\u8bc6\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u4e0e\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c \u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u6027\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5165\u56fe\u8bba\u3001\u6570\u8bba\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u3001\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u5404\u9886\u57df\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u6f14\u7ece\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u67d3\u8272\u6cd5\u3001\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5165\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\uff0f\u6a21\u62df\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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1946\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201cENIAC\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u83ab\u514b\u5229\u548c\u827e\u514b\u7279\u3002ENIAC\u4ee5\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u7528\u4e8618000\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\uff0c\u5360\u5730170\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u91cd\u8fbe30\u5428\uff0c\u8017\u7535\u529f\u7387\u7ea6150\u5343\u74e6\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c5000\u6b21\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1950\u81f31960\u5e74\u4ee3\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u601d\u7ef4\u53ca\u5176\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1956\u5e74\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u9769\u547d\u5f00\u7aef\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u795e\u5947\u6570\u5b577\u00b12\u300b<\/span>(\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6700\u9891\u7e41\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8bba\u6587)<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4f7f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53d1\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e09\u6a21\u578b\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\u6587\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u88ab\u201c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u201d\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u4f7f\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u505c\u673a\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u897f\u8499\u548c\u7ebd\u5384\u5c14\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u673a\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aLTM\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u673a\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u667a\u529b\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5b50\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u88ab\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u8f85\u52a9\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
1957\u5e74\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u201c\u8f6c\u6362 -\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u8f6c\u6362-\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63cf\u5199\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8981\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1958\u5e74\uff0c\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e03\u7f57\u5fb7\u672c\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u77e5\u89c9\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u300b\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u5fc3\u667a\u5904\u7406\u6765\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bf8\u5982\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8868\u5f81\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f93\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5\u6d8c\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u63a8\u7406\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4fbf\u50cf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5728\u7535\u8111\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5143\u7d20\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1959\u5e74\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u56de\u987eb.f.\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u3001\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u7ebd\u5384\u5c14\u3001\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u7b49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8457\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u30021967\u5e74\u5948\u745f\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u88ab\u4e1a\u754c\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u900f\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u6ce8\u610f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5185\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u548c\u52a8\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u573a\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u6d9f\u6f2a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 \u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5e73\u514b\u53d1\u8868\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u767d\u677f\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e94\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u8ba4\u77e5\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u89c2\u70b9:<\/span><\/section>\n

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1\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u501f\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u56de\u9988\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
2\u3001\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u767d\u677f\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
3\u3001\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u8ba1\u5212\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u9650\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
4\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5dee\u5f02\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
5\u3001\u5fc3\u7075\u662f\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8ba4\u77e5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u5206\u6821\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d44\u8baf\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1970\u5e74\uff0cA. M. \u79d1\u5c14\u9a6c\u514b\u548cG. N. \u8c6a\u6069\u65af\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65ad\u9762\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8f83\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8e1979\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u533b\u5b66\u6216\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u30021973 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7535\u6c14\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08 Hounsfield \u53d1\u660e CT \u6280\u672f\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u914d\u5b50<\/span>\uff08Radioligand\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4f7f\u5f97CT \u4e0e\u6838\u7d20\u663e\u50cf\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5149\u5b50\u53d1\u5c04\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65ad\u9762\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08SPECT\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6b63\u7535\u5b50\u53d1\u5c04\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08PET\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e09\u7ef4<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\uff09<\/span>\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002PET \u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u8c22\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u704c\u6ce8\u6210\u50cf\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u53d7\u4f53\u6210\u50cf\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u52b3\u7279\u5e03\u5c14\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u66fc\u65af\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u53d1\u660e\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u6838\u78c1\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08MRI\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8e2003\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u533b\u5b66\u6216\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u533b\u7528\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\u4eea\u95ee\u4e16\u3002\u5176\u539f\u7406\u6839\u636e\u6709\u78c1\u8ddd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5728\u78c1\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u80fd\u7ea7\u95f4\u8dc3\u8fc1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u4eba\u4f53\u90e8\u4f4d\u6210\u50cf\u8bca\u65ad \uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8111\u90e8\uff0c\u53ef\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6\u6027\u7684\u8111\u6897\u585e\u3001\u8111\u840e\u7f29\u3001 \u8111\u52a8\u8109\u7624\u3001\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u72ed\u7a84\u3001\u7578\u5f62\u548c\u75c5\u53d8\u7b49\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u98ce\u98ce\u9669\u3002MRI\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6a2a\u8de8\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956<\/span>\uff081944 \u548c 1952 \u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5956<\/span>\uff081991 \u548c 2002 \u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956<\/span>\uff082003 \u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u793a\u8e2a\u5242<\/span>\uff08tracer\uff09<\/span>\u89c2\u5bdf\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6ce8\u5165\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\u4f1a\u88ab\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5185\u4f9d\u9760\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u8f6c\u8fd0\u529f\u80fd\u6269\u6563\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8fbe\u5230\u793a\u8e2a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1992 \u5e74\u9ebb\u7701\u603b\u533b\u9662 Kwong \u548c Belliveau\u5b9e\u73b0fMRI \u7684 \u4eba \u8111 \u6d4b \u56fe<\/span>\uff08Human Brain Mapping\uff09<\/span>\u3002 \u540c \u5e74Ogawa \u7b49\u5f15\u5165\u8840\u6c27\u6c34\u5e73\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027<\/span>\uff08BOLD\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5176 1990 \u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u660e\u786e fMRI \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e0ePET \u663e\u50cf\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cBOLD\u2043fMRI \u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u529b\u4e3a\u6beb\u79d2\u81f3\u79d2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56db\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0cfMRI \u7ed3\u5408 MRI \u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u529b\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u6280\u672f\u7b80\u4fbf\u3001\u8d39\u7528\u8f83\u4f4e\u3001\u65e0\u653e\u5c04\u5b66\u635f\u5bb3\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u4f73\u3002\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u7535\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u91cd\u5efa\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cBOLD\u2043fMRI \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002BOLD\u2043fMRI \u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u8457\uff1a\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u63d0\u4f9b\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u795e\u7ecf\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8111\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u9879\u6280\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c \u8111\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08brain default model\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u540c\u671f\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5206\u652f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u9020\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u55dc\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u682a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\u3002\u55dc\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u3001\u793a\u8e2a\u6548\u7387\u3001\u8de8\u7a81\u89e6\u793a\u8e2a\u65b9\u9762\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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20\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u81f321\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u591c\uff0c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u7206\u53d1\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u3001 \u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u5206\u6790\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u91c7\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u7528\u56fe\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u5730\u9707\u3001\u6d77\u5578\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u6210\u50cf\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u6210\u50cf\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5927\u8111\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u3001\u751f\u5316\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7535\u751f\u7406\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u4ee3\u8c22\u5230\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u8bf8\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u89e3\u7b54\u4e0d\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9610\u8ff0\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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6. \u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u96c6\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\uff0f\u7b2c\u56db\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u300a21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4ece\u5173\u6ce8\u5927\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u52a8\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u5927\u8111\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u4ece\u5173\u6ce8\u90e8\u5206\u5c42\u9762\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u5168\u8111\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4ece\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u8003\u5bdf\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8111\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff1b\u4ece\u5173\u6ce8\u8111\u548c\u5916\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u73af\u5883-\u8111-\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u53cd\u5411\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u540c\u6e90\u91cd\u7ec4\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u8f91\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u75c5\u6bd2\u793a\u8e2a\u5242\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u5728\u75ab\u82d7\u682a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6539\u9020\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u6572\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u6bd2\u529b\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8367\u5149\u86cb\u767d\u7b49\u5916\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4f4e\u6bd2\u529b\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u643a\u5e26\u6807\u793a\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u793a\u8e2a\u5de5\u5177\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe7. RV\u75c5\u6bd2\u8de8\u5355\u5143\u7a81\u89e6\u793a\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8349\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65e5\u672c\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53d1\u80b2\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08RIKEN\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u900f\u660e\u8111\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u679c\u7cd6\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2<\/span>\uff08SeeDB\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6d78\u6ce1\u5df2\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u80da\u80ce\u6837\u672c\u6570\u65e5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u53cc\u5149\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u5c0f\u9f20\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u56fa\u5b9a\u6807\u672c\u6beb\u7c73\u7ea7\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe8.\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u5927\u8111\u7684SeeDB\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u91c7\u7528CLARITY\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u900f\u660e\u6750\u6599\u66ff\u6362\u8102\u8d28\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u795e\u7ecf\u793a\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u5168\u8111\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08MOST\uff0c\u5149\u7247\u6280\u672f\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7535\u955c\u91cd\u6784\u7b49\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2005\u5e745\u6708\u745e\u58eb\u6d1b\u6851\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8111\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span>\uff08EPFL\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u84dd\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u5927\u8111\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08\u8111\u6a21\u62df\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u7531\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u9a6c\u514b\u62c9\u59c6\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u7531Felix Sch\u00fcrmann\u548cSean Hill\u5171\u540c\u6267\u5bfc\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba1\u5212\u4f7f\u7528\u84dd\u8272\u57fa\u56e0\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u8111\u8fd0\u884cMichael Hines\u7684Neuron <\/span>(\u8f6f\u4ef6)<\/span>\uff0c\u7535\u8111\u6a21\u62df\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u91cd\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08connectome\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe9.\u84dd\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u505a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u5927\u8111\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u91cd\u6784\u548c\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111<\/span><\/section>\n

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2012\u5e74\uff0c\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684Chris Eliasmith\u4f1a\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u58f0\u79f0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u6a21\u578b\u4eff\u771f\u3002\u5b83\u7531250\u4e07\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u548c\u4e18\u8111\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5927\u8111\u5177\u6709\u7528\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u624b\u81c2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u5546\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe10.\u5927\u8111\u533a\u4f4d\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2017\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u84dd\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7c07\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u8fbe11\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u62c9\u59c6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u9762\u5411\u3002\u84dd\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u4ee3\u6570\u62d3\u625111\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2018\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u84dd\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u9996\u4e2a\u6570\u4f4d3D\u8111\u7ec6\u80de\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u624b\u7ed8\u5730\u56fe\u5230\u8c37\u6b4c\u5730\u7403\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u8111737\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d44\u8baf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2019\u5e74\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u201c\u84dd\u8111\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f0a\u4e39\u00b7\u585e\u683c\u592b\u63d0\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u8001\u9f20\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5373\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u8111\u6765\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6c89\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece21\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8bb2\u7a76\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u4e0a\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u6765\u62fc\u63a5\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u56fe\u3002<\/span>            <\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe11. \u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe12. \u8ba4\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u6240\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6a21\u578b\u91ca\u7591\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

4.1\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2\u7bb1\u4f53\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u57fa\u7840\u7684word model\u3001oracle model<\/span>\uff08\u8868\u5f81\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5927\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u56fe\u50cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u80fd\u6a21\u62df\u89c6\u89c9\u901a\u9053\u5f62\u6210\u773c\u775b\u5230\u5927\u8111\u7684\u89c6\u77e5\u89c9\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u89c6\u542c\u55c5\u5473\u89e6\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u7f16\u7801\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5927\u8111\u5185\u90e8\u8f6c\u5316\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08internal-transformation model\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u89e3\u7801\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08decoding\u884c\u4e3a\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8ddf\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3 \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u6a21\u578b\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

4.4 \u5fc3\u7406\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u611f\u89c9\u4e0a\u5dee\u5f02\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

4.5 \u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span>     <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe13. \u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/section>\n

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6. \u8303\u5f0f\u6f14\u53d8\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u7740\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u91ca\u7591\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u89c2\u6d4b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8303\u4f8b\u64bc\u52a8\u4e86\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe14.\u8ba4\u77e5\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u673a\u5668\u6a21\u62df\u2014\u2014\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u6210\u50cf\u2014\u2014\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\/\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\/\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4ece1\u7c73\u523010\u7684\u8d1f7\u6b21\u65b9\u7c73<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4ece\u5047\u8bbe\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684eScience<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\uff1b\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
2\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5de5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7b49\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
3\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u7528\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6210\u50cf\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8fd8\u539f\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u9488\u5bf9\u65f6\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8111\u7535\/\u8111\u78c1\u91c7\u7528\u7535\u6781\u5fae\u9635\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u6d4b\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5728\u79bb\u5b50\u5c42\u9762\u7528\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u751f\u5316\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u91c7\u7528\u5f25\u6563\u5f20\u91cf\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u5316\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u73a9\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
4\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0-\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269-\u751f\u5316\u5c42\u9762-\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7535\u751f\u7406-\u795e\u7ecf\u4ee3\u8c22\u5230\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5168\u901a\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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7. \u8303\u5f0f\u6447\u6446<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u5dee\u5f02\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5f15\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe15.\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408<\/span>
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\u7f51\u7edc\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u80fd\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u66f4\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe16. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5f69\u5de2\u8ba1\u5212\u56fe\u793a<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe17. \u8303\u5f0f\u6f14\u53d8\u56fe\u50cf\u793a\u610f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u8d77\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5168\u8111\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u9a71\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u6001\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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I would rather have questions that can’t be answered than answers which can’t be  questioned\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
1. Gyorgy Buzsaki*, Rodolfo Llinas\uff0cSpace and time in the brain\uff0c2017<\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u76d6\u4f26\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c<\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u7ef4\u8428\u91cc\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u4ece\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u8c08\u8d77\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7a7a\u95f4,https:\/\/www.psychspace.com\/psych\/viewnews-14578<\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u770b\u89c1\u795e\u7ecf\uff1a\u4ece\u5361\u54c8\u5c14\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\uff0c\u8d22\u65b0<\/span><\/section>\n
6. \u5a01\u5ec9\u51af\u7279\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/span><\/section>\n
7. \u84dd\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\uff0chttps:\/\/www.epfl.ch\/research\/domains\/bluebrain\/<\/span><\/section>\n
8. \u5f69\u5de2\u8ba1\u5212 ,\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u79d1\u6280\u8bba\u6587\u9884\u53d1\u5e03\u5e73\u53f0<\/span><\/section>\n
9. Jim Grey,A Transformed Scientific Method<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bb2\u5ea7\u89c6\u9891<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u89c6\u9891\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/2057<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n