{"id":22954,"date":"2020-12-25T12:39:30","date_gmt":"2020-12-25T04:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22954"},"modified":"2020-12-25T12:39:30","modified_gmt":"2020-12-25T04:39:30","slug":"%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e3%80%81%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%92%8c%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e4%b8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=22954","title":{"rendered":"\u524d\u6cbf\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u5c06\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8ff0\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\uff1f\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\uff1f\u77e5\u8bc6\u600e\u6837\u4fee\u6b63\uff1f\u89e3\u7b54\u5927\u8111\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8c1c\u9898\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002Nature reviews Physics \u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u3002
\u725b\u6d69\u6960 | \u4f5c\u8005
\u5218\u57f9\u6e90 | \u5ba1\u6821
\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n

\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u65e0\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65e5\u76ca\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5176\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5728 Nature reviews Physics \u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u300aThe physics of brain network structure, function, and control\u300b\u5176\u4f5c\u8005Danielle S. Bassett\u662f\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5916\u8058\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u6d45\u51fa\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u76f4\u89c9\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a
The physics of brain network structure, function, and control
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42254-019-0040-8
arXiv\u5730\u5740\uff1a
https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1809.06441<\/p>\n


1. \u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u8f74\u7a81\uff09\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u8fde\u8fb9\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\uff08Ising Model\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u7ef4\u6676\u683c\u5b50\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7ef4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5374\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0[1, 2]\u3002\u4e0e\u5f88\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u8bba\u8bc1\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5747\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8f6c\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u6765\u5bfb\u6c42\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u4ece\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe1. \u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u6a21\u62df<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff08Generative Model\uff09\u3002\u5982\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u5256\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u533a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Community Structure\uff09[3]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u793a\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u5f88\u5bc6\u96c6\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f88\u7a00\u758f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8def\u5f84\u8ddd\u79bb\u8981\u6bd4\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9ad8\u805a\u5408\u5ea6\u548c\u77ed\u5e73\u5747\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8111\u5185\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u548c\u6574\u5408\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5904\u7406\u5916\u6765\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4[4-6]\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017\u4e3a\u7279\u70b9\u6765\u8fdb\u5316\u7684[5, 7, 8]\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e0a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u6216\u8005\u51e0\u4f55\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0[9]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7279\u6027\u3001\u80a5\u5c3e\u7279\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\uff1a\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u805a\u5408[10]\u3002<\/p>\n


2. \u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u6765\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u5355\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u5143\u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u5173\uff08Long-Range Correlation\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f[10-17]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8111\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u662f\u6307\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u548c\u8111\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u767d\u8d28\u675f\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u529f\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4f3c[18]\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08fMRI\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8840\u6c27\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u53bb\u9664\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u6563\u578b\u8111\u533a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7528\u76ae\u5c14\u68ee\u76f8\u5173\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u8111\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u591a\u5448\u73b0\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u754c\u805a\u7126\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u9898[19, 20]\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe2. \u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u6a21\u62df<\/p>\n

\u987a\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df[21-23]\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u8111\u533a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u795e\u7ecf\u8d28\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6784\u5efa[24, 25]\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u8111\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u62df[15, 26]\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\uff08Artificial Models\uff09\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff08Biophysical Models\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7531Warren McCulloch\u548cWalter Pitts\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u903b\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u8be5MP\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u8d4b\u4e88\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u540e\u770b\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u653e\u7535\u9608\u503c\uff08\u56fe2b\uff09[23]\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7ec4\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8868\u5f81\u5e03\u5c14\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u30021957\u5e74Frank Rosenblatt\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a8\u52a8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6John Hopfield\u57281982\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u7ec4MP\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u6309\u7167\u8d6b\u5e03\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u72b6\u6001[26]\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u968f\u7740\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u52a0[27]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7cfb\u5b97\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u6216\u96ea\u5d29\u72b6\u884c\u4e3a[28]\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Maximum Entropy Techniques\uff09\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u8111\u533a\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u957f\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9884\u6d4b[15, 29]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u4ea7\u751f\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u673a\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7531Alan Lloyd Hodgkin\u548cAndrew Fielding Huxley\u63d0\u51fa[22]\uff0c\u4ece\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5230\u6709\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u9707\u8361\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d8c\u73b0[30]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u653e\u7535\u9891\u7387\u7684\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5206\u5c94\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u56fe2c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5728Wilson-Cowan\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a[25]\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u53eb\u505a\u795e\u7ecf\u8d28\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08Neural Mass Models\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u6210\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u8111\u5168\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9707\u8361\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684Kuramoto\u6a21\u578b[31]\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8d28\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u9707\u8361\u7684\u968f\u673a\u540c\u6b65[32]\uff08\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n


3. \u5fae\u6270\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/p>\n

\u5224\u65ad\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u6709\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5e72\u9884\u6216\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u9884\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u8fbe\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u600e\u6837\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u523a\u6fc0\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7684[33, 34]\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u533a\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u5728\u5154\u5b50\u548c\u9e3d\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8111\u90e8\u635f\u4f24\u9020\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\uff09\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u968f\u540e\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u88ab\u8bd5\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u6795\u53f6\u53d7\u635f\u9020\u6210\u5bf9\u4fa7\u89c6\u89c9\u80fd\u529b\u6d88\u5931[35]\uff0c\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u6536\u7f29\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u5373\u5174\u5192\u9669\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u589e\u591a[36]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u7ecf\u9885\u78c1\u523a\u6fc0\uff08TMS\uff09\u548c\u8111\u6df1\u5c42\u523a\u6fc0\uff08DBS\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u63a7\u5236\u5c40\u90e8\u795e\u7ecf\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u795e\u7ecf\u7cbe\u795e\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd[37, 38]\u3002\u800c\u8981\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u523a\u6fc0\u624b\u6bb5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u5728\u8111\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3[39, 40]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u4ee5fMRI\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5168\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u8111\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u91cd\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5408\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4ea7\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94[4, 41]\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u75be\u75c5\u7ed9\u4e88\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u95ed\u73af[42, 43]\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe3. \u9776\u5411\u5fae\u6270\u548c\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\uff08Control Theory\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u53bb[44, 45]\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u8111\u533a\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8111\u533a\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5ea6\u503c\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u662f\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9[46, 47]\u3002\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u8f68\u8ff9\u72ec\u7acb\u77e9\u9635\u5982\u5e73\u5747\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u77e9\u9635\uff08Average Controllability Metrics\uff09\u548c\u6a21\u6001\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u77e9\u9635\uff08Modal Controllability Metrics\uff09\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u77e9\u9635\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u6362\u5230\u4e34\u8fd1\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6a21\u6001\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u8f83\u8fdc\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u56fe3b, \u56fe4\uff09\u3002\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u5e45\u5ea6\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8111\u533a\uff08\u5373\u5e73\u5747\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u9ad8\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5904\u4e8e\u57fa\u7ebf\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6a21\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u6027\u7684\u8111\u533a\u4e00\u822c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff08\u53ef\u63a8\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5267\u70c8\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe4. \u7ebf\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u63a7\u6027<\/p>\n


4. \u7ed3 \u8bed<\/p>\n

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