{"id":23119,"date":"2021-01-04T12:36:16","date_gmt":"2021-01-04T04:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23119"},"modified":"2021-01-04T12:36:16","modified_gmt":"2021-01-04T04:36:16","slug":"%e7%9b%96%e4%ba%9a%e5%81%87%e8%af%b4%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e4%bd%93%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23119","title":{"rendered":"\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Okavango \u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u4e2d\u7684\u7761\u83b2<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

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 \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fbe\u5c14\u8c6a\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388 W Ford Doolittle \u4f1a\u5bf9\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u76d6\u4e9a\u201d\uff08Darwinise Gaia\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7ade\u4e89\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c06\u5730\u7403\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5c42\u9762\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5e76\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002W Ford Doolittle | \u4f5c\u8005
Leo | \u8bd1\u8005
\u8d75\u96e8\u4ead | \u5ba1\u6821
\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u201c\u5730\u7403\u6bcd\u4eb2\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u6d8c\u4e0a\u5fc3\u5934\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u5907\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768440\u4ebf\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u8c03\u8282\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5730\u7403\u7684\u751f\u6001\u4ecd\u6709\u8106\u5f31\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u4ee5\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u5b58\u3002 \u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u58f0\u97f3\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u4e16\u95f4\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u751f\u7269\u5708\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u610f\u5916\u3002
 <\/p>\n

1. \u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u751f\u7269\u5708\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6d1b\u592b\u6d1b\u514b\uff08James. E. Lovelock\uff09\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6797\u6069\u00b7\u9a6c\u53e4\u5229\u65af\uff08Lynn Margulis\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\uff08Gaia hypothesis\uff09\u3002\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5730\u7403\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\uff09\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u76d6\u4e9a\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a8\u8bba\u663e\u5f97\u5929\u9a6c\u884c\u7a7a\u2014\u2014\u6d1b\u592b\u6d1b\u514b\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u793a\u6d77\u85fb\u85fb\u4e1b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5927\u5821\u7901\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u6d77\u6c34\u542b\u76d0\u91cf\u7684\u6cfb\u6e56\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bf4\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u76d6\u4e9a\u79f0\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u5973\u795e\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bf4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u8511\u89c6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cd\u5bf9\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c06\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u505a\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u5316\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u6765\u5e26\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u5730\u7403\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u4e0e\u9e1f\u7c7b\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u7684\u773c\u775b\u4e0e\u7fc5\u8180\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6d77\u85fb\u85fb\u4e1b\u3001\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u8fdd\u80cc\u3002  <\/p>\n

2. \u7269\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u65b9\u5411\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7559\u4e0b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u62e5\u6709\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u751f\u7269\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u5b83\u4eec\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7528\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u4e14\u6709\u7e41\u6b96\u4f18\u52bf\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9057\u4f20\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u5b9a\u9879\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u968f\u673a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79cd\u7fa4\u51e0\u4ee3\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6709\u810a\u690e\u751f\u7269\u7684\u773c\u775b\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u805a\u7126\u548c\u5206\u8fa8\u989c\u8272\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u9010\u4ee3\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u773c\u775b\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6f14\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u80fd\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002 \u65e9\u57281979\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u6d1b\u592b\u6d1b\u514b\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u300a\u76d6\u5a05\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u91ce\u300b\uff08Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u9886\u57df\u5bbd\u5e7f\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u63a8\u5d07\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\uff08The Selfish Gene\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u624d\u662f\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u9057\u4f20\u7ed9\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u590d\u5236\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u8d4b\u503c\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7e41\u6b96\u5c31\u8981\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9f99\u751f\u4e5d\u79cd\uff0c\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u6240\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5404\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u65f6\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u4e5f\u81ea\u7136\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\u3002  \u76d6\u5a05\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u91ce\uff08\u5de6\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff08\u53f3\u56fe\uff09
 \u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\uff1a\u56ca\u62ec\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u590d\u5236\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u6709\u6027\u7e41\u6b96\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u591a\u7ea7\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u591a\u7ea7\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u5c42\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6 Peter Godfrey-Smith \u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7269\u79cd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u5316\u3002 \u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea4\u6d41\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u2014\u2014\u4e92\u6709\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u9057\u4f20\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0e\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u65e0\u4ece\u754c\u5b9a\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u53c8\u4f55\u8c08\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5462\uff1f <\/p>\n


3. \u4ece\u53d8\u5f02\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u9002\u5e94<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\u5929\u9a6c\u884c\u7a7a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u805a\u96c6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u843d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e2d\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u80fd\u72ec\u81ea\u8fdb\u884c\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7e41\u884d\u2014\u2014\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u51fa\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u751f\u7269\u5708\u201d\u3002\u5373\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u9057\u4f20\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u800c\u662f\u590d\u6742\u591a\u6837\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7269\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u76d6\u4e9a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6d77\u8349\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u76d0\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u534f\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u751f\u7269\u73af\u5883\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u690d\u7269\u7684\u82b1\u6735\u4f1a\u5438\u5f15\u871c\u8702\u91c7\u96c6\u82b1\u871c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u690d\u7269\u624d\u80fd\u4f20\u7c89\u6388\u7c89\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7e41\u884d\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5c42\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u3002 \u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u57281981\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5728 The Extended Phenotype \u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7ade\u4e89\u3002 \u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u884c\u661f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u661f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u884c\u661f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u70b9\u7f00\u7740\u661f\u661f\u4e24\u4e24\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u8c03\u8282\u826f\u597d\u7684\u884c\u661f\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 The Extended Phenotype \u4e0d\u8fc7\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u5b9e\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u8bba\u8bc1\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u6027\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u661f\u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4ecd\u7136\u5360\u636e\u7740\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u57282015\u5e74\uff0c Godfrey-Smith \u5e94\u300a\u4f26\u6566\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u4e3a\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6d1b\u592b\u6d1b\u514b\u7684 A Rough Ride to the Future \u4e00\u4e66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u9053\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4e92\u52a8\u662f\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e92\u52a8\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u7269\u79cd\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u53cd\u9988\u662f\u7269\u79cd\u5185\u6f14\u5316\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u7269\u79cd\u5185\u7684\u7e41\u884d\u538b\u529b\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4fbf\u751f\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u3002 Godfrey-Smith \u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4eba\u62e9\u539f\u7406\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u671f\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8ba9\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u80fd\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u65b9\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\u6765\u7684\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u76ca\u5904\u7684\u201c\u610f\u5916\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u9057\u4f20\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\u3002  <\/p>\n

4. \u539f\u5b50\u8870\u53d8\u4e0e\u59d3\u6c0f\u5b58\u7559\uff1a
\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8c\u5219<\/p>\n

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fixation\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f18\u52bf\u54c1\u79cd\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6324\u538b\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u5dee\u5f02\u6301\u7eed\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u52a3\u52bf\u54c1\u79cd\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u50cf\u539f\u5b50\u8870\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u4f18\u52bf\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u7269\u79cd\u6574\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u5973\u6027\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5c0f\u5c9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u670910\u540d\u59d3\u6c0f\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u9047\u96be\u6c34\u624b\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u6d77\u6ee9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c34\u624b\u4e0e\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u7ed3\u5408\u5e76\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u59d3\u6c0f\u5c31\u4ee5\u7236\u7cfb\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9057\u4f20\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9965\u8352\u5929\u707e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u968f\u673a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5458\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5728\u9965\u8352\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u5341\u4e2a\u59d3\u6c0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d3\u6c0f\u60e8\u906d\u201c\u706d\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u51e0\u6b21\u9965\u8352\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ec5\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d3\u6c0f\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u5c31\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u652f\uff08clade\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u7956\u5148\u7269\u79cd\u5230\u540e\u4ee3\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u6811\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5206\u652f\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u53ea\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u800c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u65b0\u65e7\u7269\u79cd\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5206\u652f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7956\u5148\u5206\u652f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5206\u652f\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u201c\u679d\u7e41\u53f6\u8302\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u652f\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002 \u6f14\u5316\u652f\u793a\u610f\u56fe \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u59d3\u6c0f\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u80dc\u51fa\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u7537\u6027\u80fd\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u517b\u80b2\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u5f53\u5927\u9965\u8352\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8be5\u5bb6\u65cf\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e5f\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u79cd\u7fa4\u5206\u652f\u4f1a\u65e5\u76ca\u58ee\u5927\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u56de\u5230\u76d6\u4e9a\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u76d6\u4e9a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u6700\u8fd1\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\uff08Last Universal Common Ancestor\uff0cLUCA\uff09\u6240\u6f14\u5316\u6d41\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5206\u652f\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u8fd1\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\uff0c\u5341\u4e2a\u59d3\u6c0f\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u5206\u652f\u9009\u62e9\u3002 \u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5bf9\u76d6\u4e9a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u76d6\u4e9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u524d\u6587\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5206\u652f\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u6279\u8bc4\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u521d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858\u91cc\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u76d6\u4e9a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76d6\u4e9a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u786e\u5b9e\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u751f\u6001\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5206\u652f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u80fd\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u7269\u79cd\u95f4\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 <\/p>\n


5. \u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u76d6\u4e9a\uff1a\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u76d6\u4e9a\uff08Darwinise Gaia\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u751f\u6548\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u6269\u5145\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u660e\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u6709\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e5f\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u8c10\u878d\u6d3d\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6574\u4f53\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u79c1\u8fdb\u884c\u3002 \u50cf\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5957\u5a03\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ea7\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u201c\u5185\u56db\u73af\u201d\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e2d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5916\u4e8c\u73af\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u201c\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u800c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
 \u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u628a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8d5b\u8247\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5212\u8247\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u591f\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u62d4\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u770b\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u5b66\u53c2\u8d5b\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ade\u4e89\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u3002  <\/p>\n

6. \u590d\u5236\u8005-\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u56fe\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u56db\u73af\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u6709\u673a\u7269\u3001\u7269\u79cd\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7e41\u6b96\u4ea7\u751f\u8840\u4eb2\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u5230\u7531\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6709\u673a\u751f\u7269\u518d\u5230\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\u56fe\u793a\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5916\u4e8c\u73af\u201d\u662f\u53c8\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f53\u4f1a\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u652f\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u6761\u652f\u7cfb\u80fd\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u7e41\u6b96\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u76d6\u4e9a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5236\u8005\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6 David Hull \u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u5728 Hull \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\uff1a \u590d\u5236\u8005\uff08replicator\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u5236\u8005\u80fd\u5728\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u6210\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ed3\u6784
\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005\uff08interactor\uff09\uff1a\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92
\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08selection\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005\u7684\u5174\u8870\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u590d\u5236\u8005\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u53bb \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76d6\u4e9a\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u7528\u201c\u7e41\u6b96\u8005\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u201c\u590d\u5236\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u7e41\u6b96\u201d\u3002\u5728\u505a\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u201c\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u4e0e\u6269\u5f20\u201d\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u590d\u5236\u8005\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u201c\u5b58\u7eed\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u201c\u7e41\u6b96\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76d6\u4e9a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u572840\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76d6\u4e9a\u4e2d\u7e41\u884d\u751f\u606f\u3002 \u50cf\u590d\u5236\u8005-\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u5176\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5f88\u591a\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u751f\u7269\u3001\u591a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u5408\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u5728\u751f\u7269\u53d1\u80b2\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u514d\u75ab\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5fc3\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u7559\u4e0b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u201c\u7e41\u6b96\u8005\u201d\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e78\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u201d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u590d\u5236\u8005\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u90fd\u80fd\u201c\u5b58\u7eed\u201d\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u3002 \u63a8\u800c\u5e7f\u4e4b\uff0c\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u5ba2\u6237\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u7fa4\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5708\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u4fc3\u6210\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5c42\u7ea7\u8f83\u4f4e\u4e14\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u7684\u590d\u5236\u8005\u3001\u7e41\u6b96\u8005\u3002\u5728\u524d\u6587\u56fe\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u5bbd\u9614\u7684\u601d\u8def\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u601d\u60f3\u3002  <\/p>\n

7. \u6b4c\u66f2\u6bd4\u6b4c\u624b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bc4\u4f30\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6f14\u5316\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6 Andrew Inkpen \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u6b4c\u66f2\u6bd4\u6b4c\u624b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff08It’s the song, not the singers\uff0cITSNTS\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u9996\u97f3\u4e50\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5ef6\u7eed\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f20\u5531\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b4c\u66f2\u4e2d\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u6a21\u56e0\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u5531\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4f20\u5531\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u7a81\u53d8\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u56e0\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51ed\u501f\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u3002 ITSNTS \u662f\u4ee5\u5168\u751f\u7269\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u80a0\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5206\u89e3\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u670d\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u836f\u7269\u6740\u6b7b\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6240\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u6062\u590d\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5f80\u65e5\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6b4c\u66f2\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u6bd4\u6f14\u5531\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u6b4c\u624b\u201d\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u76d6\u4e9a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e14\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f9d\u636e ITSNTS \u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u7269\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u751f\u7269\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u6b4c\u66f2\u6bd4\u6b4c\u58f0\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5168\u7403\u6c2e\u5faa\u73af\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u70b9\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u7269\u79cd\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002 \u5728 ITSNTS \u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b4c\u66f2\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f20\u5531\u8005\u7684\u518d\u5531\u4f5c\u800c\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6c2e\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u592a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5730\u7403\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u5373\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u540e\u671f\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6c2e\u5faa\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u524d\u6587\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u59d3\u6c0f\u8c31\u7cfb\u6765\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0 Hell \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u590d\u5236\u8005-\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u6b64\u5177\u5907\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u592a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5730\u7403 \u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u4e92\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4f20\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u751f\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u7b28\u62d9\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u201d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u88ab\u57fa\u56e0\u96c7\u4f63\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u3002  <\/p>\n

8. \u6c38\u6052\u7684\u57fa\u56e0<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6  David Haig \u66fe\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u606f\u57fa\u56e0\u5219\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u65f6\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u56e0\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u6807\u8bb0\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u606f\u57fa\u56e0\u5219\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u7c7b\u578b\u533a\u5206\u3002\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bc4\u8eab\u4e8e\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u4e0a\u3002 \u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u8fa8\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u590d\u5236\u8005-\u4ea4\u4e92\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u201c\u5b58\u7eed\u201d\u610f\u5883\u4e0d\u518d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u7e41\u6b96\u3001\u751f\u957f\u3001\u518d\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6c2e\u5faa\u73af\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u76d6\u4e9a\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u661f\u7403\u4e3a\u4f55\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9c\u5c45\u7684\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u6b64\u6765\u53cd\u601d\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u56de\u907f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u8f9e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u7136\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u80fd\u5f25\u8865\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u76d6\u4e9a\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u770b\u5f85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\u3002  \u539f\u6587\uff1aIs the Earth an organism?https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/the-gaia-hypothesis-reimagined-by-one-of-its-key-sceptics<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587


\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91<\/a><\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u767e\u5e74\u63a2\u7d22\uff1a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8c01\u662f\u4e3b\u89d2\uff1f<\/a>
\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u603b\u91cf\u768483%\u7adf\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u690d\u7269 | \u8ba1\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/a>
Physics Reports\u91cd\u78c5\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22<\/a><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587 <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okavango \u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u4e2d\u7684\u7761\u83b2 \u5bfc\u8bed \u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u3002\u800c\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5c42\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u65e0\u6570\u4e89\u8bba\u3002 \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fbe\u5c14\u8c6a\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388 W …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23110,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23119"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23119\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23119"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=23119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}