{"id":23492,"date":"2021-01-22T15:09:35","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T07:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23492"},"modified":"2021-01-22T15:09:35","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T07:09:35","slug":"cesar-hidalgo%ef%bc%9a%e6%94%b6%e7%9b%8a%e9%80%92%e5%a2%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23492","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e9sar Hidalgo\uff1a\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u6269\u6563\u548c\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u6001\u2014\u2014\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u5c45\u4e8e\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u3002
  
\u4eca\u5929\u5206\u4eab\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u8005 C\u00e9sar A. Hidalgo \u4e8e2020\u5e7412\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u7531\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u674e\u7ea2\u521a\u6559\u6388\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e13\u9898\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u7528 15 \u5468\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u5171\u8bfb\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 100 \u540d\u8001\u5e08\u540c\u5b66\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\u5c06\u4e8e 1 \u6708 26 \u65e5\uff08\u4e0b\u5468\u4e8c\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u6587\u672b\u3002\u671f\u5f85\u4f60\u7684\u52a0\u5165~<\/p>\n

C\u00e9sar A. Hidalgo | \u4f5c\u8005
Leo | \u8bd1\u8005
\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n


\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1aC\u00e9sar A. Hidalgo\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u56fe\u5362\u5179\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u5de5\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4e8e2010\u5e74-2019\u5e74\u9886\u5bfcMIT\u5a92\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u96c6\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3002\u66fe\u5e08\u4ece\u5df4\u62c9\u5df4\u897f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 2008 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u53d1\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7f51\u7ad9 DataWheel \u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u884c\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u5374\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002 \u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u5747\u8861\u89e3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u60c5\u6709\u72ec\u949f\u3002\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u597d\u4e0e\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
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1. \u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\uff1a\u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\u5236\u5f0f\u6218<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u591a\u91cd\u5747\u8861\uff1b\u62db\u6765\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u6df7\u6c8c\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e03\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u963f\u745f\u624d\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u4ece\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b0\u7684\u5929\u5730\u3002 \u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff08\u5b66\u4e60\uff09\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u3002 \u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u65e5\u672cJVC\u516c\u53f8\u57281976\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 VHS\uff08\u5bb6\u7528\u5f55\u50cf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\u5236\u5f0f\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u7531 Sony \u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684 Betamax \u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\u5236\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e89\u593a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f55\u50cf\u673a\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u4e00\u573a\u4e89\u593a\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528 VHS \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5c31\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5747\u8861\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u9009\u62e9\u4e86 VHS\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c \u5bf9 Betamax \u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5632\u7b11\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5f71\u89c6\u5267\u4e2d\u3002 \u4e00\u5377Betamax\u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\uff08\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u5377VHS\u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\uff08\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09 | \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1awikipedia.org
 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6320\u5934\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5747\u8861\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7531\u8fd0\u6c14\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u56de\u62a5\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u52a0\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95e8\u3002 <\/p>\n


2. \u77e5\u8bc6\u58c1\u5792\uff1a\u9ad8\u6295\u5165\u5e26\u6765\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5c14\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u674e\u6839\uff08Keun Lee\uff09\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u5411\u718a\u5f7c\u7279\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08Schumpeter Society\uff09\u81f4\u8f9e\u65f6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u4e09\u661f\u3001LG\uff09\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728LCD \u6db2\u6676\u9762\u677f\u9886\u57df\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002LCD \u6db2\u6676\u9762\u677f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u6362\u4ee3\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u663e\u793a\u5668\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u66f4\u4f18\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u5b9e\u60e0\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4e8f\u672c\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5236\u9020\u5546\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7814\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u3002 \u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d76\u8d85\u7684\u718a\u5f7c\u7279\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u9677\u9631  \u674e\u6839\uff08Keun Lee\uff09
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3. \u62a2\u5360\u5148\u673a\uff1a\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6446\u8131\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u624b<\/p>\n

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 \u77e5\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u51c6\u786e\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u2014\u2014\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u6837\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u51cf\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u6d89\u8db3\u4ee5\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u51cf\u4e3a\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4e8e\u62b5\u5236\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9759\u89c2\u4e8b\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u843d\u540e\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5e61\u7136\u9192\u609f\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u884c\u8005\u65e9\u5df2\u7b51\u8d77\u4e86\u96be\u4ee5\u6500\u722c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c71\u5cf0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u60f3\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6446\u8131\u90a3\u53ea\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u624b\uff0c\u90a3\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5c71\u5cf0\u201d\u589e\u9ad8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5f81\u670d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.nae.edu\/244740\/The-Complexity-of-Increasing-Returns 
\u63a8\u8350\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ad9\uff08OEC Observatory of Economic Complexity\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u7531 Datawheel \u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u3002OEC \u6574\u5408\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u3002\u7f51\u7ad9\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/oec.world\/en 
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