{"id":23514,"date":"2021-01-23T13:07:37","date_gmt":"2021-01-23T05:07:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23514"},"modified":"2021-01-23T13:07:37","modified_gmt":"2021-01-23T05:07:37","slug":"dna%e5%bd%b1%e5%ad%90%e5%a5%b3%e5%a3%ab%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3%e2%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23514","title":{"rendered":"DNA\u5f71\u5b50\u5973\u58eb\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797
\u9648\u5173\u8363 | \u4f5c\u8005
\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u8001\u9e70\u201d\uff08Eagle\uff09\u9152\u5427\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u6c14\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e2a1667\u5e74\u5f00\u5f20\u7684\u8001\u5e97\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5750\u843d\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8\uff08Cavendish\uff09\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4ece1874\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8630\u4e2a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff09\u65c1\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a1953\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u514b\uff08Francis H. C. Crick\uff0c1916-2004\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u68ee\uff08James D. Watson\uff0c1928-\uff09\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\uff09\u7684\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u4f26\u6566\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u88d4\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\uff08Maurice H. F. Wilkins\uff0c1916-2004\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u4eab\u4e861962\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6838\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u548c\u6c83\u68ee\u4e24\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u53bb\u8fd9\u95f4\u5c0f\u5e97\u5403\u5348\u996d\u3001\u559d\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8ba8\u8bba\u79d1\u7814\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8fd8\u753b\u51fa\u4e8620\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c DNA \u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u4ed6\u4fe9\u8d62\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u540e\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u5e97\u7684\u5e38\u5ba2\u4eec\u4fbf\u591a\u4e86\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u548c\u620f\u79f0\uff1a\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u201cEagle’s DNA\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u91cc\u7684 Eagle \u9152\u5427\u53ca\u5176DNA\u724c\u533e<\/p>\n

\u4e0eDNA\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u8fd8\u6709RNA\u5373\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u643a\u5e26\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u6545\u4e8b\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5f71\u5b50\u5973\u58eb\u201d\uff08Dark Lady\uff09\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\uff08Rosalind Elsie Franklin\uff0c1920\u5e747\u670825\u65e5\uff0d1958\u5e744\u670816\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe2. Rosalind Elsie Franklin<\/p>\n

1921\u5e74\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b66\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8c2c\u4e3d\u5c14\uff08Muriel F. Waley\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb716\u5c81\u65f6\u5c31\u7acb\u5fd7\u7814\u8bfb\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d\u5979\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u827e\u91cc\u65af\uff08Ellis A. Franklin\uff09\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u5de5\u4eba\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bb2\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u6821\u6821\u957f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6559\u5458\u7236\u4eb2\u7adf\u7136\u53cd\u5bf9\u5973\u513f\u53bb\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u5973\u5b69\u7814\u8bfb\u79d1\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u59791938\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\u8fd8\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u5979\u652f\u4ed8\u5b66\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u4e8e1941\u5e74\u4ece\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u79d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u30021942-1946\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u8868\u4e865\u7bc7\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d3\u7bc7\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5199\u7684\u30021945\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u56fa\u6001\u6709\u673a\u77f3\u58a8\u4e0e\u7164\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5230\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b66\u4e60X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5979\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u60ec\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u5979\u7ecf\u5e38\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5348\u9910\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u4eba\u6743\u90fd\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5341\u5206\u60ca\u8bb6\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bf4\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e48\u597d\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5979\u559c\u6b22\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6e38\u6cf3\u3001\u722c\u5c71\u3001\u5065\u884c\u3002\u5728\u7a7f\u7740\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5341\u5206\u4f18\u96c5\u65f6\u5c1a\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u66f4\u662f\u5353\u8d8a\u51fa\u7fa4\u30021950\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u78b3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cdX\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u6563\u5c04\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u58f0\u540d\u9e4a\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

1951\u5e74\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7814\u7a76DNA\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6bd4\u5979\u5e74\u957f\u51e0\u5c81\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u5e76\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5979\u8e0f\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53c8\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5979\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u628a\u5979\u5f53\u4f5c\u52a9\u624b\u4f7f\u5524\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53cc\u65b9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5730\u4f4d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e24\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u89c1\u9762\u65f6\u90fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5e72\u8106\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u9662\uff08Birkbeck College\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5e26\u9886\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u7814\u7a76\u70df\u8349\u82b1\u53f6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5979\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4e9a\u4f26\u00b7\u514b\u5362\u683c\uff08Aaron Klug\uff09\u56e0\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861982\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u6280\u672f\u5728DNA\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6d3e\u4e0a\u4e86\u7528\u573a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7528X\u5c04\u7ebf\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53X\u5c04\u7ebf\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u540e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884d\u5c04\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6676\u4f53\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u30021952\u5e745\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u6210\u529f\u5730\u62cd\u6444\u4e86DNA\u6676\u4f53\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5373\u540e\u6765\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u7167\u724751\u53f7\u201d\u3002\u5979\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u845b\u65af\u6797\uff08Raymond Gosling\uff0c1926-2015\uff09\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u4e86DNA\u7684A\u578b\uff08\u5e72\u578b\uff09\u548cB\u578b\uff08\u6e7f\u578b\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7ec6\u957f\u7684A\u578b\u5728\u6e7f\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u7c97\u77ed\u7684B\u578b\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u662fA\u578b\u7531\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800cB\u578b\u5219\u7531\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u8d1f\u8d23\u30021953\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7740\u624b\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u4e09\u7bc7\u7cfb\u5217\u6027\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8eA\u578bDNA\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e8e3\u67086\u65e5\u6295\u5230\u4e86\u300a\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\uff08ACTA Crystallographica\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u4e8e3\u670817\u65e5\u5199\u6210\u7684\u5173\u4e8eB\u578bDNA\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5374\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\uff0c\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u7531\u514b\u5362\u683c\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u57282\u670824\u65e5\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cdDNA\u7686\u4e3a\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u514b\u5362\u683c\u8fd8\u4f9d\u636e\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u672a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8349\u7a3f\u4e3a\u5979\u5728DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u521b\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u4f5c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe3. DNA\u6676\u4f53\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u201c\u7167\u724751\u53f7\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n

1953\u5e74\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u30021\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u77e5\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u6765\u8bbf\u7684\u6c83\u68ee\u770b\u4e86\u90a3\u5f20\u7167\u724751\u53f7\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6c83\u68ee\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u594b\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u65f6\u201c\u6211\u5634\u5df4\u5f20\u5f97\u5927\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u8109\u640f\u6025\u4fc3\u5730\u8df3\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u6c83\u68ee\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86DNA\u7684\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u66fe\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e09\u6761\u94fe\u7ec4\u6210\u7684DNA\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8ba9\u6c83\u68ee\u5bf9\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u57281953\u5e744\u670825\u65e5\u540c\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e09\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4ee5\u6c83\u68ee\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u6838\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1aDNA\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e3a\u5148\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u548c\u4e24\u4f4d\u52a9\u624b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201cDNA\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u548c\u845b\u65af\u6797\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u80f8\u7ebf\u6838\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u5408\u201d\u3002\u6c83\u68ee\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u62cd\u6444\u7684DNA\u6676\u4f53\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u7167\u724751\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u672a\u5f81\u6c42\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u793a\u201c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u3001\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u4e0e\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u6c83\u68ee\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f50\u30027\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u548c\u845b\u65af\u6797\u518d\u6b21\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u94a0DNA\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u8bc1\u636e\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8be6\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe4. DNA\u7684\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5bf9\u6c83\u68ee\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u672a\u7ecf\u5979\u8bb8\u53ef\u64c5\u81ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u7167\u724751\u53f7\u201d\u4e00\u4e8b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u793a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4ecb\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c83\u68ee\u5374\u4e0d\u65f6\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u5408\u5bf9\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u51b7\u5632\u70ed\u8bbd\u3002\u6c83\u68ee\u57281968\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3001\u540e\u6765\u9887\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u300a\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5145\u6ee1\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd8\u620f\u8c11\u5730\u628a\u5979\u79f0\u4e3a\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u620f\u5267\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u201c\u5f71\u5b50\u5973\u58eb\u201d\uff08Dark Lady\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u201c\u5f71\u5b50\u5973\u58eb\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5e55\u540e\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u7f8e\u540d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6c83\u68ee\u5bf9\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u4e3a\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6001\u5ea6\u4f9d\u7136\u5341\u5206\u656c\u4f69\u3002\u4ed6\u4e66\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u7684\u975e\u51e1\u52c7\u6c14\u548c\u6b63\u76f4\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff1b\u5979\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u7f79\u91cd\u75c5\u4ecd\u6beb\u4e0d\u987e\u8651\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u7740\u5979\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u5468\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u6c83\u68ee\u662f\u4e2a\u9887\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\u7e41\u591a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c2014\u5e74\u4ed6\u4ee5\u94b1\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u4e3a\u7531\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7ae0\u4ee5470\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u9ad8\u4ef7\u62cd\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5927\u4ea8Alisher Usmanov\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u8d3b\u7b11\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4e70\u5bb6\u6177\u6168\u5730\u628a\u5956\u724c\u9001\u8fd8\u7ed9\u6c83\u68ee\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5956\u724c\u5f97\u4e3b\u7adf\u7136\u4e5f\u8146\u989c\u9886\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6c83\u68ee\u4e0e\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u5728\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u9886\u5956\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u50cf\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u514b\u5362\u683c\u90a3\u6837\u53bb\u81f4\u8c22\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5728DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8d5e\u626c\u5979\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u30022003\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u5728\u7eaa\u5ff5DNA\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u73b040\u5468\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5979\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u578b\u6001\u7684DNA\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9a\u51faA\u578bDNA\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002\u201d\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\u5c06\u4e00\u680b\u65b0\u5927\u697c\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797-\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u697c\u201d\uff08Franklin-Wilkins Building\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6c83\u68ee\u5728\u5927\u697c\u547d\u540d\u81f4\u8bcd\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u8fd9\u9879\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n


\u56fe5. \u300a\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u5c01\u9762\uff08March 5th, 2020\uff09<\/p>\n

1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5979\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08NIH\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u7b14\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u79d1\u7814\u5408\u4f5c\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75fa\u75c7\u75c5\u6bd2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5979\u7ecf\u5e38\u53c2\u52a0\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u5916\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u75c5\u6bd2\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u70df\u8349\u82b1\u53f6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08TMV\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u75c5\u6bd2\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u7684\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caTMV\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e2d\u7684RNA\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u30021956\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5979\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5dde\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5979\u5728\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u505c\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e0e\u9996\u4f4d\u7eaf\u5316\u51faTMV\u7ed3\u6676\u800c\u8363\u83b71946\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u6e29\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u53f2\u4e39\u5229\uff08Wendell Stanley, 1904-1971\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8bbf\u7f8e\u671f\u95f4\u5979\u53d1\u73b0\u8179\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb\u80bf\u80c0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8d8a\u53d1\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u7a7f\u7740\u88d9\u5b50\u90fd\u6709\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u56de\u82f1\u56fd\u540e\uff0c9\u67084\u65e5\u5979\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u533b\u9662\u624b\u672f\u68c0\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u8179\u90e8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u80bf\u7624\u3002\u5916\u754c\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5979\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528X\u5c04\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75c5\u53d8\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5979\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75fa\u75c7\u75c5\u6bd2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u57281956\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e867\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u57281957\u5e74\u53c8\u53d1\u8868\u4e866\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n

1957\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7ec8\u4e8e\u75c5\u5012\u4e86\u300212\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u9057\u5631\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7fcc\u5e741\u6708\u5979\u7a0d\u89c9\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u4fbf\u7acb\u9a6c\u51fa\u9662\u91cd\u8fd4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u8fd8\u5230\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u534f\u4f1a\u517c\u804c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c3\u670830\u65e5\u5979\u518d\u6b21\u75c5\u5012\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e8e4\u670816\u65e5\u56e0\u80ba\u708e\u53ca\u5375\u5de2\u764c\u5e76\u53d1\u75c7\u4e0d\u6cbb\uff0c\u62b1\u61be\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7438\u5c81\u3002\u5979\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u4f26\u6566Willesden\u72b9\u592a\u516c\u5893\u91cc\u3002\u5893\u7891\u4e2d\u592e\u954c\u523b\u7740\u201cScientist\u201d\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0a\u5934\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u7891\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u5979\u5bf9\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u5c06\u6301\u4e45\u5730\u9020\u798f\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n


\u56fe6. \u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5893\u7891<\/p>\n

\u5f531962\u5e74\u6c83\u68ee\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u91d1\u65af\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u4e16\u56db\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5e76\u4e0d\u6388\u4e88\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5956\u9879\u81f3\u591a\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5f53\u5e74\u4f9d\u7136\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4eba\u800c\u83b7\u5956\u5427\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u5386\u53f2\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5982\u679c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe7. 1962\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5fd8\u8bb0\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u6545\u5c45\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5217\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u7269\u5e76\u6302\u4e0a\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u724c\u533e\u540d\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe8. \u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u6545\u5c45\u724c\u533e<\/p>\n

2002\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5956\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe9. Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award<\/p>\n

2004\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u628a\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1912\u5e74\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2018\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u8d44\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8eOxfordshire\u7684Harwell\u79d1\u6280\u521b\u65b0\u56ed\u533a\u5185\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

2019\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u822a\u5929\u5c40\uff08ESA\uff09\u5c06\u706b\u661f\u63a2\u6d4b\u8ba1\u5212 ExoMars\u7684\u706b\u661f\u6f2b\u6e38\u8f66\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u53f7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2012\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u73cd\u59ae\u5f17\u00b7\u683c\u6797\uff08Jenifer Glynn\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300a\u6211\u7684\u59d0\u59d0\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u300b\uff08My Sister Rosalind Franklin: A Family Memoir\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u7f57\u838e\u7433\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5979\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4f4dDNA\u5f71\u5b50\u5973\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe10. \u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff082012\u5e744\u6708\uff09<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587


\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/p>\n

\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u6545\u4e8b | \u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a>\u5979\u662f\u5960\u57fa\u201c\u6838\u88c2\u53d8\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5374\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8ba1\u5212 | \u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a>\u79bb\u6563\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f20\u5947\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a>
\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587 <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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