{"id":23973,"date":"2021-02-21T21:23:16","date_gmt":"2021-02-21T13:23:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23973"},"modified":"2021-02-21T21:23:16","modified_gmt":"2021-02-21T13:23:16","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%bc%94%e7%94%9f%e7%8e%b0%e8%b1%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=23973","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u751f\u73b0\u8c61"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

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\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u671f\u520a\u7f51 | \u6765\u6e90<\/p>\n


1 \u5f15\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u548c\u5c40\u9650<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

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2 \u6f14\u751f\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f<\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e8f\u76f8\u53d8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u76f8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u662f\u6784\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u89c4\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u6e29\u5ea6\u5219\u662f\u8c03\u8282\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u5f3a\u5f31\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5916\u53c2\u91cf\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u76f8\u53d8\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u6216\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u76f8\u53d8\u70b9\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u9636\u5bfc\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u71b5\u6709\u8dc3\u53d8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u53eb\u505a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u51b0\u7684\u6eb6\u5316\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u6c7d\u5316\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u9636\u5bfc\u6570\u5728\u76f8\u53d8\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e8c\u9636\u5bfc\u6570\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u6709\u8dc3\u53d8\uff0c\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u5c31\u53eb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u8d85\u5bfc\u3001\u8d85\u6d41\u3001\u987a\u78c1-\u94c1\u78c1\u3001\u6c14-\u6db2\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u8fde\u7eed\u76f8\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002 <\/p>\n

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\u600e\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u76f8\u53d8? \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u201c\uff1a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u201c\u81ea\u6d3d\u201c\u5730\u5b9a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ece1873\u5e74\u7684\u8303\u5fb7\u74e6\u5c14\u65af\u6c14\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u52301907\u5e74\u7684\u5916\u65af\u5206\u5b50\u573a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u518d\u52301934\u5e74\u5e03\u62c9\u683c-\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\u7684\u5408\u91d1\u6709\u5e8f\u5316\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u76f4\u52301937\u5e74\u6717\u9053\u4e8c\u7c7b\u76f8\u53d8\u201c\u666e\u904d\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u5bf9\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c \u5728\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u8ddf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5dee\u522b\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u201c\u8c03\u548c\u201c\u7684[3]\u30021944 \u5e74\uff0c\u632a\u5a01\u7684\u7406\u8bba \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Onsager\u5bf9Ising\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u987a\u78c1-\u94c1\u78c1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4Ising\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u89e3\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6bd4\u70ed\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u65f6\u5448\u73b0\u5bf9\u6570\u53d1\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u6709\u9650\u8dc3\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u6807\u5ea6\u5047\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u78c1\u573a\u3001\u78c1\u5316\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u201c\u6807\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u94c1\u78c1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c14\u2014\u6db2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u6362\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u70b9\u90fd\u843d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u666e\u9002\u6027\u201d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6807\u5ea6\u53d8\u6362\u201c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u6362\u3002\u62ff\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u81ea\u65cb\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u591a\u6570\u201c\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u56e2\u7c07\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u81ea\u65cb\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u6362\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u51fa\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6807\u5ea6\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u201c\u666e\u9002\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6807\u5ea6\u5f8b\u201c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u4f53\u7cfb\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u4e92\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ea6\u800c\u540c\u5730\u96c6\u805a \uff08\u89c1\u56fe5\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u77ed\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u5173\u8054\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u957f\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u65f6\u5019\u5b83\u662f\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u63a2\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u5173\u8054\u957f\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u957f[4]\u3002 
<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 \u5728\u94c1\u78c1\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u78c1\u77e9\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6da8\u843d\u5f88\u5927\uff0c \u5173\u8054\u957f\u5ea6\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u5c0f\u76f8\u5957\u78c1\u7574<\/p>\n


4 \u91cd\u6b63\u5316\u7fa4\u2014\u2014\u7814\u7a76\u6f14\u751f\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5<\/p>\n


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\u56fe6 \u5728\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d,\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u91cd\u6b63\u5316\u6d41\u5f62\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u6b63\u5316\u7fa4\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u76f8\u53d8\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u8bb8\u591a\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u96be\u9898\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd1\u85e4(Kondo)\u95ee\u9898[6]\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5a01\u8033\u900a\u7528\u6570\u503c\u91cd\u6b63\u5316\u7fa4\u6c42\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd1\u85e4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7528\u8d1d\u7279(Bethe)\u5047\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89e3\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86 P.Noziers\u7684\u8d39\u7c73\u6db2\u4f53\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u7684poorman’s scaling\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd1\u85e4\u95ee\u9898\u8fd0\u7528\u91cd\u6b63\u5316\u7fa4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u91cd\u6b63\u5316\u7fa4\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6f14\u751f\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5343\u59ff\u767e\u6001\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5b50\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b83\u65e0\u7a77\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f\u201d\u4e00\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u201c\u6f14\u751f\u201d\u51fa\u6765[1]\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u78c1\u77e9\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u975e\u78c1\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u201c\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u62d3\u4e86\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u9886\u57df\uff0c \u4ece\u201c\u8d27\u90ce\u62c5\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u968f\u673a\u56fe\u8bba\uff0c\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u7ea0\u9519\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u3002 <\/p>\n

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5 \u5143\u6fc0\u53d1\u2014\u2014\u201c\u51c6\u201d\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/p>\n

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6 \u7ed3\u675f\u8bed<\/p>\n


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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a
[1] AndersonP W.Science,1972,177:393 
[2] Schweber S. PhysicsToday,1993,(11):34 
[3] \u4e8e\u6e0c,\u90dd\u67cf\u6797,\u9648\u6653\u677e.\u76f8\u53d8\u548c\u4e34\u754c\u73b0\u8c61.\u5317\u4eac:\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2005 [Yu L,Hao B L,Chen X S.Phase and critical phenomena. Beijing: Science Press, 2005(in Chinese)] 
[4] Anderson P W. Basic Notions of Conedensed Matter Physics.  Menlo Park: Benjamin,1984 
[5] \u51af\u7aef,\u91d1\u56fd\u94a7.\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66(\u4e0a\u5377).\u5317\u4eac:\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2003
[Feng D,Jin G J.Condensed Matter Physics(I).Beijing: Higher Education Press,2003(in Chinese)] 
[6] \u5f20\u5e7f\u94ed,\u4e8e \u6e0c.\u7269 \u7406,2007,36:434 [Zhang G M,Yu L.Wuli (physics) 2007, 36:434(in Chinese)] 
[7] \u6587\u5c0f\u521a.\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u4f53\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u58f0\u5b50\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5230\u5149\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8d77\u6e90.\u5317\u4eac:\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 2004[Wen X G. Theories of Quantum Many-Body Systems: From the origin of phonons to the origin of electrons. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2004 (in Chinese)]<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u7269\u7406\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb
\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f\uff1a\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u672c\u8d28 | \u7ecf\u5178\u56de\u987e<\/a><\/p>\n

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PNAS\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1f\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4e86<\/a><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/p>\n

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