{"id":24015,"date":"2021-02-23T20:01:28","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T12:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24015"},"modified":"2021-02-23T20:01:28","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T12:01:28","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e5%92%8c%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%9c%9f%e4%b8%8e%e7%be%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24015","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u4e0e\u7f8e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u7b80\u6d01\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u5219\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u8fd1\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Nature Physics \u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u878d\u5408\u5f97\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u3002\u4f5c\u8005 Ben D. MacArthur \u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5357\u5b89\u666e\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e5f\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002
Ben D. MacArthur | \u4f5c\u8005
\u5341\u4e09\u7ef4 | \u8bd1\u8005
\u5218\u57f9\u6e90 | \u5ba1\u6821<\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n

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\u7269\u7406\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e<\/p>\n



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\u56fe4. \u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5948\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u65b0\u4e66 What Is Life\uff1f \u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u00b7\u8428\u514b\u65af\uff08Oliver Sacks\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u201c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u88ab\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7ffb\u201d[9]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6b23\u8d4f\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f18\u96c5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u89c1\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u539f\u5219\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u504f\u597d\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u6392\u9664\u5426\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u53cd\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u786e\u8ba4\u504f\u8bef\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u968f\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e8b\u7269\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u72c2\u91ce[10]\u3002\u8fd8\u6bd4\u5982\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e5f\u8981\u6bd4\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u2014\u2014\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u624d\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\uff08Paul Dirac\uff09\u540e\u6765\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ec6\u5fae\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u539f\u7406\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u7f8e[5]\u3002 \u7f8e\u56e0\u6b64\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u7f8e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u597d\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\uff08Alan Turing\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u5300\u6001\u7531\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u5b50\uff08morphogens\uff09\u7684\u6269\u6563\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6591\u56fe<\/a>[11] [12]\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u4f18\u7f8e\u901a\u7528\u7684\u901a\u8bba\uff0c\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891[13]\u3002\u4ee5\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002 \u56fe5. \u6591\u9a6c\u6761\u7eb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u522b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff1a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u5b50\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u964d\u89e3\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u6269\u6563\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6709\u591a\u5feb\uff1f\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u6b64\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\uff1f \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u7136\u5728\u5916\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u597d\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\uff08Turing Pattern\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u6216\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u5c06\u5176\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u6591\u56fe\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981[14]\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e24\u8005\u5e73\u8861\u5730\u878d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u672a\u6765<\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e 
1. Zeki, S., Romaya, J. P., Benincasa, D. M. T. & Atiyah, M. F. Front. 
Hum. Neurosci. 8, 68 (2014).
2. Breitenbach, A. Eur. J. Phil. 23, 955\u2013977 (2015).
3. Feynman, R. P. The Messenger Lectures on \u201cThe Character of Physical Law\u201d (Cornell Univ., 1964).
4. Gell-Mann, M. Beauty, truth and \u2026 physics? TED http:\/\/ go.nature.com\/3gNoGsu (2007).
5. Dirac, P. Proc. R. Soc. 59, 122\u2013129 (1939).
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8. Nurse, P. What is Life? Understand Biology in Five Steps (David Fickling Books, 2020).
9. Sacks, O. Gratitude (Picador, 2015).
10. Mulas, R. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.01128 (2020).
11. Turing, A. M. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 237, 37\u201372 (1952).
12. Kondo, S. & Takashi, M. Science 329, 1616\u20131620 (2010).
13. Surridge, C. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1452 (2004).
14. Maini, P. & Othmer, H. (eds) Mathematical Models for Biological Pattern Formation (Springer, 2012).<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-020-01132-9<\/p>\n

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<\/a>\u4ece\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1f<\/a><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/p>\n

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