{"id":24239,"date":"2021-03-04T17:47:11","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T09:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24239"},"modified":"2021-03-04T17:47:11","modified_gmt":"2021-03-04T09:47:11","slug":"%e5%90%91%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%af%bb%e6%89%be%e5%8f%8d%e5%90%91%e4%bc%a0%e6%92%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24239","title":{"rendered":"\u5411\u5927\u8111\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5bfb\u627e\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u751f\u7269\u673a\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u5f15\u9886\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u6df1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u7c7b\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u65e0\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8def\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5927\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5236\u6216\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u53cd\u9988\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u690e\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u94fa\u5f00\u3002
Anil Ananthaswamy | \u4f5c\u8005\u90ed\u745e\u4e1c | \u8bd1\u8005
\u8d75\u96e8\u4ead | \u5ba1\u6821
\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n

2007\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u95f4\u9699\uff0c\u6df1\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u536b\u661f\u201d\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u79c1\u4e0b\u7814\u8ba8\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6df1\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5360\u9886\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u8fdc\u3002\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Geoffrey Hinton \u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u538b\u8f74\u8bb2\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4ee5\u4e00\u53e5\u4fcf\u76ae\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u5403\u665a\u996d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u5b8c\u2018\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f04\u660e\u767d\u5927\u8111\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e86\u2019\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u621115\u5c81\u7684\u5973\u513f\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u54e6\uff0c\u7238\u7238\uff0c\u522b\u518d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\u89c2\u4f17\u5927\u7b11\u8d77\u6765\u3002Hinton \u7ee7\u7eed\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u201d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7b11\u58f0\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n


Geoffrey Hinton\uff0c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f15\u9886\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u7834<\/p>\n

Hinton \u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u9690\u55bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6df1\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u5f15\u9886\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff08backprop\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u6df1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u7c7b\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u65e0\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8def\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Yoshua Bengio \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u62ec\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5927\u8111\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u53ca\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

Yoshua Bengio\uff0c\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u4e00\u6837\u5177\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u7406\u4e0e\u53ef\u4fe1<\/p>\n

Bengio \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u53d7 Hinton \u542f\u53d1\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u601d\u8003\u66f4\u5177\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4f18\u826f\u8868\u73b0\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53cd\u9988\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6cd5\uff08feedback alignment\uff09\u3001\u5747\u8861\u4f20\u64ad\uff08equilibrium propagation\uff09\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7f16\u7801\uff08predictive coding\uff09\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u8bf8\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u76ae\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7b49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6240\u6709\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6108\u53d1\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8c1c\u56e2\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u5f00\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u52a9\u76ca\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4f46\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. \u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u4e60<\/p>\n

1949\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7 \u00b7 \u8d6b\u5e03\uff08Donald Hebb\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d6b\u5e03\u7406\u8bba\uff08Hebbian theory\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u731c\u60f3\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u201d\u5373\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8d8a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u8054\u7cfb\u5c31\u8d8a\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u6709\u9650\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5927\u578b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u8981\u5dee\u5f97\u591a\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14 \u00b7 \u4e9a\u660e\u65af\uff08Daniel Yamins\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8d6b\u5e03\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u72ed\u9698\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u4e14\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n


Daniel Yamins\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u751f\u7269\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8d6b\u5e03\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u57fa\u51c6\u2014\u2014\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e3b\u5bfc\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u63a5\u6536\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7a81\u89e6\u201d\u6743\u91cd\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u4e58\u4ee5\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u52a0\u6743\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u548c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u548c\u5373\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u5206\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u53ca\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u7531\u8bad\u7ec3\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u5176\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u6743\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e43\u81f3\u6d88\u9664\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u201d\u5c42\u3002\u622a\u81f31986\u5e74 Hinton\u3001\u5df2\u6545\u7684 David Rumelhart \u4e0e Ronald Williams \uff08\u73b0\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5317\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bad\u7ec3\u5e26\u6709\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f53\u7ed9\u4e88\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u201c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\u66f4\u65b0\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u66f4\u52a0\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e18\u9675\u548c\u5c71\u8c37\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u91cd\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u659c\u5761\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u671d\u7740\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c71\u8c37\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u635f\u5931\u4f1a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u65b0\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u9636\u6bb5\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u91cd\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u987a\u5e8f\u4ece\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u53cd\u5411\u53cd\u9988\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u671f\u671b\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u7ec4\u9002\u5408\u6574\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. \u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684 <\/p>\n

\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u7acb\u5373\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u4e3a\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u514b\uff08Francis Crick\uff09 \u2014\u2014\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3001 DNA \u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u4ece\u4e8b\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5c31\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u4f20\u9012\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u590d\u5236\u6216\u201c\u4f20\u8f93\u201d\u5173\u4e8e\u63a8\u7406\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u91cd\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u201dYamins \u8868\u793a\u3002\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f97\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n


\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u76f8\u90bb\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u66f4\u8fdc\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u8111\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u201dBengio \u603b\u7ed3\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cHinton \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7acb\u5373\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u3002\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Konrad Kording \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u5173\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u4e00\u6837\u4e45\u8fdc\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u652f\u6491\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u7b49\u6548\u7269\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. \u53cd\u9988\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u4f20\u64ad<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c2016\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4f26\u6566\u8c37\u6b4c DeepMind \u7684 Timothy lillirap \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u6743\u91cd\u4f20\u8f93\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u5947\u602a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u4f9d\u8d56\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u91cd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u524d\u5411\u6743\u503c\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u6b21\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u800c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f51\u7edc\u4ecd\u7136\u6cbf\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u964d\u4f4e\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u5411\u524d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u6162\u6162\u5730\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3001\u5411\u540e\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\uff1a\u53cd\u9988\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08feedback alignment\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u201d\u4e9a\u660e\u65af\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u201d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e0d\u5982\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u5411\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bad\u7ec3\u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8d6b\u5e03\u5b66\u4e60\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u5373\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ea\u5bf9\u76f8\u90bb\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8fbe\u5230\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Hinton\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u7ec4\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fHinton\u57282007\u5e74\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5728 Hinton \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0cBengio \u7684\u56e2\u961f\u57282017\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5faa\u73af\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143 a \u6fc0\u6d3b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143 b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u795e\u7ecf\u5143 b \u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6fc0\u6d3b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143 a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u56de\u54cd\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4e34\u8fd1\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5904\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u63a8\u5411\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u540e\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

Bengio \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u627e\u5230\u68af\u5ea6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u4f20\u64ad\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4. \u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ea\u6709\u5bf9\u6240\u5904\u73af\u5883\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u624d\u80fd\u7a81\u7834\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\u4e5f\u5728\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\u3002Beren Millidge \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8c03\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002Millidge\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u5047\u5b9a\u5927\u8111\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u671f\u671b\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u8138\uff0c\u5b83\u9884\u6d4b\u540e\u7eed\u5c42\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u5bf9\u66f4\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c42\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u843d\u5728\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4ece\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5c42\u6d41\u5411\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5bf9\u5b83\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u8c03\u6574\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u6574\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u5b83\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5b83\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u53f7\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

Millidge\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u655b\u5230\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u9012\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7f51\u7edc\u5fc5\u987b\u8fed\u4ee3\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5927\u8111\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\u524d\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

Millidge \u8865\u5145\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u2018\u6709\u53ea\u8001\u864e\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u8fb9\u8df3\u6765\u8df3\u53bb\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6765\u56de\u91cd\u590d100\u6b21\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8fd0\u8f6c\u2019\u8fd9\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5. \u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u7279\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u7c7b\u4f3c\u652f\u6301\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u62e5\u6709\u6811\u7a81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8f74\u7a81\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6811\u7a81\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u53f7\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\u3002\u5982\u679c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0d\u591f\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8f74\u7a81\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u5c06\u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u2014\u2014\u690e\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u2014\u2014\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e24\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u3002\u6811\u7a81\u5411\u4e0a\u4f38\u5c55\uff0c\u5206\u679d\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u9876\u7aef\u6811\u7a81\u3002\u9760\u8fd1\u80de\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5411\u4e0b\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5206\u679d\u5f62\u6210\u57fa\u90e8\u6811\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

2001\u5e74\u7531 Kording \u72ec\u7acb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u7531\u9ea6\u5409\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684 Blake Richards \u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6570\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u524d\u5411\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u6210\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u8fdb\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u5411\u63a8\u65ad\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8bef\u5dee\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u6811\u7a81\u548c\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8f74\u7a81\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

Kording\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5f53\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u201d Kording \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7a0d\u5fae\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b66\u4e60\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6240\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6. \u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u542b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8001\u5e08\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u72af\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8377\u5170\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience\uff09\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97 \u00b7 \u7f57\u592b\u65af\u739b\uff08Pieter Roelfsema\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u5e08\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0cRoelfsema\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u7334\u5b50\u76ef\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002\u7334\u5b50\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002Roelfsema \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u3001\u800c\u975e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u544a\u8bc9\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff1a\u4f60\u8981\u4e3a\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

Roelfsema \u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5f0f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Wolfram Schultz \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u52a8\u7269\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6bd4\u9884\u671f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002Roelfsema \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u6c34\u5e73\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5f3a\u5316\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

Roelfsema \u8865\u5145\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ea\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u5f3a\u5316\u4fe1\u53f7\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u65b0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6743\u91cd\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5176\u6570\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u3002\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\u3002\u201c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u572812\u6708\u7684NIPS\u5728\u7ebf\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bad\u7ec3\u6df1\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u201dRoelfsema \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u6bd4\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u653e\u7f13\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u500d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u201dBengio \u8865\u5145\u3002\u201c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cYamins \u548c\u4ed6\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u67901,056\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002Yamins \u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8ba9\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u8bc6\u522b\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u4e50\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u201c\u5927\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u201dKording\u8865\u5145\u3002\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5e26\u9886\u79d1\u7814\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/artificial-neural-nets-finally-yield-clues-to-how-brains-learn-20210218\/<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u65b0\u8bfe\u63a8\u8350\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/p>\n



\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u7279\u9080\u9648\u5173\u8363\u3001\u9879\u6797\u82f1\u3001\u6a0a\u745b\u3001\u5ba3\u7426\u3001\u674e\u7fd4\u3001\u53f2\u5b9a\u534e\u3001\u674e\u806a\u3001\u8363\u667a\u6d77\u3001\u5468\u8fdb\u3001\u738b\u7433\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u4f9d\u6258\u6c6a\u5c0f\u5e06\u3001\u674e\u7fd4\u3001\u9648\u5173\u8363\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u6750\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u81ea2\u670827\u65e5\u8d77\u5f00\u5c55\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0a\u7ebf\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5e0c\u671b\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4e0e\u4e00\u7ebf\u4e13\u5bb6\u63a2\u8ba8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u52a0\uff01<\/p>\n

<\/a>
\u70b9\u51fb\u67e5\u770b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8be6\u60c5\uff1a2021\u91cd\u78c5\u65b0\u8bfe\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f<\/a><\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb
Nature \u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u7c7b\u8111\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u8109\u51b2\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u6cbf<\/a>
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