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Postman\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u73af\u5883\u5b66\u6d3e\u3001\u4ee5\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u57fa\u7279\u52d2\uff08Fredirch Kittler\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u6280\u672f\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u96f7\u5409\u65af\u00b7\u5fb7\u5e03\u96f7\uff08R\u00e9gis Debray\uff09\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e\u897f\u5317\u6b27\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5efa\u6784\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u8981\u628a\u5a92\u4ecb\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u5f62\u65e0\u8c61\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u5185\u6db5\u548c\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff08\u80e1\u7ffc\u9752\uff0c\u738b\u7115\u8d85\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u53cd\u601d\u201c\u4ee5\u89c6\u89c9\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ee5\u5177\u8eab\u5b9e\u8df5\u89c2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u975e\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u89c6\u57df\u548c\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5a92\u4ecb\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4eba\u3001\u7269\u3001\u60c5\u3001\u666f\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u975e\u8868\u5f81\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5c06\u8868\u5f81\uff08\u6743\u529b\/\u6587\u5316\uff09\u548c\u975e\u8868\u5f81\uff08\u5b9e\u8df5\/\u8eab\u4f53\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\uff08\u5b8b\u7f8e\u6770\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u300a\u5947\u4e91\u300b\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u8ba9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5a92\u4ecb\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u5c45\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u4e4b\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6d77\u6d0b\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u706b\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u5929\u7a7a\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u4e66\u5199\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5a92\u4ecb\u7b49\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u65af\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u53ea\u662f\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4ecb\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5883\u5373\u5a92\u4ecb\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u540e\u52e4\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5f0f\u5a92\u4ecb\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff08\u5f7c\u5f97\u65af\uff0c2015\/2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94.\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e4b\u7ef4<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><br style=\"font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"  \/><br \/>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6279\u5224<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u82f1\u5c3c\u65af\uff08Harold Innis\uff09\u65e9\u5df2\u5c06\u5a92\u4ecb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bca\u65ad\u6587\u660e\u5174\u8870\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4ee5\u65f6\u7a7a\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7d22\u63a2\u7a76\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff08\u4f55\u6676\u5a07\uff0c\u891a\u4f20\u5f18\uff0c\u9648\u5a9b\u5a9b\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u5a92\u4f53\u6df1\u5ea6\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u8bf8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5a92\u4ecb\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u201c\u573a\u666f\u5316\u65f6\u7a7a\u201d\uff08\u5218\u5b8f\uff0c\u5468\u5a77\uff0c2020\uff09\u201c\u5a92\u4ecb\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u901f\u5ea6\u201d\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5185\u5728\u4e8e\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u89c2\u770b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5f20\u767b\u5cf0\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u5b66\u6d3e\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u54c8\u7279\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u8428\uff08Hartmut Rosa\uff09\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u673a\u5236\uff08\u8fde\u6c34\u5174\uff0c\u9093\u4e39\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f57\u8428\u66fe\u5728\u591a\u5904\u8bba\u53ca\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e0e\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5173\u8054\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\uff08Martin Heidegger\uff09\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u57fa\u7279\u52d2\uff08Fredirch Kittler\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6e90\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u64cd\u63a7\u6027\u4e2d\u4ecb\u201d\u3002\u800c\u201c\u5a92\u4ecb\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6570\u5b57\/\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u548c\u9694\u79bb\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u51cf\u901f\u548c\u5a92\u4ecb\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6b63\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\u793e\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u5f20\u78ca\uff0c2020\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5a92\u4ecb\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\u5bfb\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7f57\u8428\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6df9\u6ca1\u5728\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9f\u9700\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u652f\u67f1\uff08\u5f20\u78ca\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\uff08Robert Hassan\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5206\u6563\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u9ad8\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u4e66\u5199\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff08The Age of Distraction: Reading, Writing, and Politics in a High-speed Networked Economy\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u89e6\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4ed6\u6c47\u5408\u4f17\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u5c31\u65f6\u95f4\u5f02\u5316\u5c55\u5f00\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5206\u6563\u3001\u788e\u7247\u5316\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u5224\u529b\u5ea6\uff08\u80e1\u7ffc\u9752\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6d88\u706d\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\/\u5730\u7406\u89c6\u89d2\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u538b\u6291\u3002\u4f46\u79fb\u52a8\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5355\u8f66\u7b49\u9002\u5730\u6027\u5a92\u4ecb\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5a92\u4ecb\uff09\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u4e92\u5d4c\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\uff08Paul 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Schramm\uff09\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u79d1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ed5\u5f00\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5168\u7403\u51b7\u6218\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4ee5\u65bd\u62c9\u59c6\u4e3a\u955c\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5171\u8bc6\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5218\u6d77\u9f99\uff0c2020a\uff09\u3002\u5a92\u4ecb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u5b66\u754c\u901a\u8fc7\u754c\u5b9a\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u5212\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c55\u5f00\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u4e92\u52a8\u573a\u57df\u62d3\u5c55\u51fa\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u60f3\u8c61\uff08\u674e\u7ea2\u6d9b\uff0c\u9ec4\u987a\u94ed\uff0c2020a\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u8fb9\u754c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u77e5\u8bc6\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u521b\u7acb\u8005\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\uff08Max Weber\uff09\u548c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e15\u514b\uff08Robert Park\uff09\uff08\u767d\u7ea2\u4e49\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53d1\u6398\u53e6\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ece\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u548c\u906e\u853d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ec6\u8282\u4e2d\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u5173\u7167\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u5854\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Jean Gabriel Tarde\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u4f0a\u83b1\u4f11\u00b7\u5361\u8328\uff08Elihu Katz\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u62c9\u624e\u65af\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Paul Lazarsfeld\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72\uff08Emile Durkheim\uff09\u8131\u94a9\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u7531\u6b64\u5c06\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u6548\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u5546\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u65b9\u5411\u4e0b\uff0c\u5361\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u4e8e\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4e3b\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5c55\u5b81\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u800c\u9020\u5c31\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e00\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u79d1\u652f\u6491\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u53d7\u5230\u5c3c\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u5362\u66fc\uff08Niklas Luhmann\uff09\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5362\u66fc\u5c06\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5236\u6280\u672f\u6765\u4f20\u6563\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u5173\u6ce8\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u5a92\u4f53\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u5206\u6765\u638c\u63e1\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u73af\u5883\u5dee\u5f02\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u57fa\u6a21\u201d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u5728\u90fd\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89c2\u5bdf\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\uff0c\u8baf\u606f\u3001\u544a\u77e5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5145\u6ee1\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6c9f\u901a\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u8fde\u7ef5\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u9009\u62e9\/\u820d\u5f03\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u201d\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f62\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u6000\u65e7\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6d41\u9732\u201d\uff08\u9ec4\u65e6\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u4f46\u88ab\u5efa\u5236\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u4e22\u6389\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u4f20\u64ad\u7406\u8bba\u5185\u90e8\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u3002\u5e15\u514b\u548c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u9ed8\u987f\uff08Robert Merton\uff09\u90fd\u66fe\u5c06\u65b0\u95fb\/\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5173\u8054\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u8054\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u3002\u63d0\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5c06\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u6ce8\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5c06\u4f20\u64ad\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e0a\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7c7b\u89c2\u5ff5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u652f\u70b9\uff08\u5218\u6d77\u9f99\uff0c2020b\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u77e5\u8bc6\u5149\u8c31\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u83ab\u5229\uff08David Morley\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u201c\u53d7\u4f17\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u201d\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u8be0\u91ca\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u8f6c\u5411\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fa\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u62f7\u95ee\uff0c\u5b83\u542f\u8fea\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u53d1\u6398\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u906e\u853d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u751f\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8f6c\u5411\u3002\u5728\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u8f6c\u5411\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u6d1b\u4f26\uff08James D. Halloran\uff09\u7b49\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u300a\u6e38\u884c\u793a\u5a01\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Demonstrations and Communication: A Case Study\uff09\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff08\u5f20\u653e\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\uff0c\u683c\u5965\u5c14\u683c\u00b7\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\uff08Georg Simmel\uff09\u6216\u5c06\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u628a\u63e1\u5f53\u4eca\u652f\u4ed8\u60c5\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff08\u674e\u534e\u541b\uff0c\u5f20\u667a\u9e4f\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8fd4\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u77e5\u3002\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a92\u4ecb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u7406\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u8fb9\u754c\u5730\u5e26\u63a8\u52a8\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u201c\u65b0\u95fb\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u85e9\u7bf1\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u524d\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u674e\u7ea2\u6d9b\uff0c\u9ec4\u987a\u94ed\uff0c2020b\uff09\u3002\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5384\uff08Pierre Bourdieu\uff09\u7684\u573a\u57df\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u6398\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5c14\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e0d\u591f\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u591f\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672a\u80fd\u5c06\u573a\u57df\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u65b0\u95fb\u573a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u518d\u53d1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u597d\u5a92\u4ecb\u573a\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u573a\u57df\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5438\u6536\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u8fd1\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5218\u6d77\u9f99\uff0c2020c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><br  \/>\u4e03.\u5a92\u4ecb\u5316\u653f\u6cbb<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5a92\u4ecb\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u89c1\u4e0e\u8206\u8bba<\/p>\n<p>\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5a92\u4ecb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5c31\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8d38\u6613\u4e89\u7aef\u8bae\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5a92\u4f53\u5728\u8be5\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u53d7\u4f17\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u597d\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u6fc0\u53d1\u5176\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u6218\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u6001\u5ea6\uff08\u9a6c\u5f97\u52c7\uff0c\u9646\u5c79\u6d32\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eb2\u4e2d\u6846\u67b6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u8f83\u4e3a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u9646\u5c79\u6d32\uff0c\u9a6c\u5f97\u52c7\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5a92\u4ecb\u5e73\u53f0\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u94c1\u677f\u4e00\u5757\u3002\u5bf9\u5a92\u4ecb\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u4e0a\u6b63\u5411\u8c03\u8282\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u9752\u5e74\u7f51\u7edc\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u89c1\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u5a92\u4ecb\u5e73\u53f0\u63a5\u89e6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u63a5\u89e6\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u6ce8\u5f71\u54cd\u5185\u5728\u6548\u80fd\u611f\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u6ce8\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4f53\u610f\u89c1\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\u8f83\u5927\uff1b\u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u6ce8\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u5728\u6548\u80fd\u611f\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u6ce8\u5f71\u54cd\u610f\u89c1\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\u8f83\u5c0f\uff08\u664f\u9f50\u5b8f\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u52a0\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8327\u623f\u201d\u201c\u8206\u8bba\u6781\u5316\u201d\u7b49\u8bae\u9898\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5f15\u53d1\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u51ef\u65af\u00b7R.\u6851\u65af\u5766\uff08Cass R. Sunstein\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8327\u623f\u201d\u51e0\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8327\u623f\u201d\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6781\u5c11\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8327\u623f\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u9648\u660c\u51e4\uff0c\u4ec7\u7b60\u831c\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u8206\u8bba\u6781\u5316\u4ea6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u6a21\u578b\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u5de5\u793e\u4f1a\u83ab\u5c14\u56fd\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8206\u8bba\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u7a33\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u4fe1\u8a89\u6d41\u5931\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u624d\u5bf9\u6781\u5316\u6709\u660e\u663e\u63a8\u52a9\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u845b\u5ca9\uff0c\u79e6\u88d5\u6797\uff0c\u8d75\u6c57\u9752\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65b0\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u786e\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5e08\u6587\uff0c\u9648\u660c\u51e4\uff0c2020a\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6e17\u5165\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5e08\u6587\uff0c\u9648\u660c\u51e4\uff0c2020a\uff09\u3002\u57282020\u5e74\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6b66\u6c49\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u75c5\u6bd2\u201d\u201c\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u8c23\u8a00\u201d\uff08\u5e08\u6587\uff0c\u9648\u660c\u51e4\uff0c2020b\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8206\u8bba\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u517b\u6210\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u54c1\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u8bc6\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65bd\u653f\u56fe\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u80e1\u767e\u7cbe\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8bdd\u8bed\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5a92\u4ecb\u8bdd\u8bed\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u6258\u82ac\uff08Jacob Torfing\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4f9d\u6258\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u201d\u5373\u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u6587\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\uff08Michel Foucault\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u62d3\u5c55\u81f3\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6279\u5224\u8bdd\u8bed\u5206\u6790\uff08critical discourse analysis\uff09\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5384\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u62c9\u514b\u52b3\uff08Ernesto Laclau\uff09\u548c\u5c1a\u5854\u5c14\u00b7\u58a8\u83f2\uff08Chantal Mouffe\uff09\u7b49\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u5f81\uff08\u5f90\u6842\u6743\uff0c\u9648\u4e00\u9e23\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u4f9d\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8bfa\u66fc\u00b7\u8d39\u5c14\u514b\u62c9\u592b\uff08Norman 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Silva\uff0c2006\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u539f\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u88ab\u6539\u9020\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u624b\u673a\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u5047\u6d88\u606f\u4ea4\u6742\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u4eba\u7fa4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u8d8a\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08\u80e1\u5175\uff0c\u949f\u5e03\uff0c2020\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u516c\u5171\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5f0f\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u55bb\u56fd\u660e\uff0c\u66f2\u6167\uff0c2020\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u5730\u56fe\u6539\u5199\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u800c\u8eab\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6d3b\u5149\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6d3b\u754c\u9762\u201d\uff08\u8bb8\u540c\u6587\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u65b0\u5a92\u4f53\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53d8\u8fc1\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8001\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c06\u5e74\u957f\u4e16\u4ee3\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7956\u4ee3\u548c\u4eb2\u4ee3\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8d8a\u5f31\u52bf\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6548\u80fd\u611f\u4f4e\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u591a\uff09\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u6570\u5b57\u53cd\u54fa\uff08\u5468\u88d5\u743c\uff0c\u4e01\u6d77\u743c\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u60ef\u4e60\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8d8a\u5e74\u8f7b\u3001\u6536\u5165\u548c\u5b66\u5386\u6c34\u5e73\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u5fae\u4fe1\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u610f\u613f\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u5b50\u4ee3\u8d8a\u5e74\u8f7b\u3001\u5b66\u5386\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u5730\u4f4d\u8d8a\u9ad8\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6570\u5b57\u53cd\u54fa\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u674e\u5f6a\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8de8\u8d8a\u6570\u5b57\u9e3f\u6c9f\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u91c7\u7eb3\u8005\u7684\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u903b\u8f91\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u9ed8\u4f1a\u4e3a\u9690\u542b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u201c\u65ad\u8fde\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e27\u5931\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u503c\u5f97\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec8\u5c06\u96be\u514d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u7ef4\u62a4\u8001\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u201c\u65ad\u8fde\u201d\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff08\u65b9\u60e0\uff0c\u66f9\u749e\uff0c2020\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u79fb\u5c45\u7fa4\u4f53\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u5730\u70b9\u548c\u65b0\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9002\u5730\u6027\u5a92\u4ecb\u6307\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u67d0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5a92\u4ecb\uff08Wilken &amp; 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\/>https:\/\/pattern.swarma.org\/path?id=6<br \/><img data-ratio=\"1\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"260\" style=\"width: 175px;height: 175px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/wxsync-2021-03-2cb822de773679ddf39020cfef84881d.png\"  \/><br \/>\u626b\u7801\u9605\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u6559\u6750\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6e05\u5355<\/p>\n<p>\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/p>\n<p>\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<br  \/><img class=\"rich_pages\" data-ratio=\"0.3088962108731466\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1214\"  style=\"box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/wxsync-2021-03-fdadfa689e4fd2c0d00404fdcd994125.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<br  \/><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247504185&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=bcf3bbe9c1128b4d4d3df0c78e96797e&amp;chksm=e8978bb4dfe002a269396bf4355c1f765169d1cd77eb54f700c96dbf72bf1fb8ef80036bd6ce&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature\uff1a\u6bd4\u75ab\u60c5\u66f4\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u8c23\u8a00\u7684\u4f20\u64ad<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247522975&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=bb0046cbeedbff6839f014696e21f4c2&amp;chksm=e897c012dfe04904ee0a9fa248da890c1d79e70aa43ec90dba222632f1835663c8ba5c489d29&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247501101&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ec85aab40ea9ee3b236627b05ed94f2d&amp;chksm=e8979fa0dfe016b66e237fb9baab9e30b542dcf21a5bc0a178df7fd1ab95b3a9aa3642d6ab1c&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6269\u6563\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u66f4\u80fd\u904f\u5236\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f20\u64ad\uff1f<\/a><br \/><a target=\"_blank\" 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