{"id":24402,"date":"2021-03-11T20:58:55","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T12:58:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24402"},"modified":"2021-03-11T20:58:55","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T12:58:55","slug":"%e5%a4%8d%e7%8e%b0%e6%98%af%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e5%94%af%e4%b8%80%e6%a0%87%e5%87%86%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e5%8f%af%e9%87%8d%e5%a4%8d%e5%8d%b1%e6%9c%ba%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24402","title":{"rendered":"\u590d\u73b0\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u5417\uff1f\u8bba\u6587\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u5371\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

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James D. Nichols\u7b49 | \u4f5c\u8005Leo\u3001\u5f20\u6fb3 | \u8bd1\u8005\u5218\u57f9\u6e90 | \u5ba1\u6821
\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a
Opinion: A better approach for dealing with reproducibility and replicability in science
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/118\/7\/e2100769118<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u5bfc\u7740\u56fd\u5185\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u7b56[1]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7<\/a>\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728[2]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7275\u5934\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5171\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76Reproducibility and Replicability in Science\uff08NASEM 2019 \u62a5\u544a[3]\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u5e76\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u3002\u5728\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u5206\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027[3]\uff0c\u4f46NASEM 2019 \u62a5\u544a\u4ecd\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5355\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u79cd\u6218\u7565\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u79ef\u7d2f\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002 \u56fe1.  \u7f8e\u56fd NASEM 2019 \u62a5\u544a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u73b0\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u300b \u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u51ed\u501f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388 John Rader Platt [4]\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u5173\u952e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u627e\u5230\u4f46\u662f\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u53a6\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u7814\u7a76[5-7]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u505a\u51fa\u6218\u7565\u6027\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bd4\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u66f4\u6709\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8bc4\u4f30\u5177\u4f53\u5047\u8bbe\u53ca\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6[8]\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u79ef\u7d2f\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9010\u6b65\u68c0\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n


 <\/p>\n

1. \u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u6001\u6f14\u53d8<\/p>\n

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2. \u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027<\/p>\n

\u5728 NASEM 2019 \u62a5\u544a \u4e2d\u5c06\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027\uff08Reproducibility\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u6761\u4ef6\u5e94\u5f53\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u201d[3]\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u6307\u5bfc\u5efa\u8bae\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u8f83\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u6765\u6e90\u3002 \u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u5355\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u79ef\u7d2f\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6837\u672c\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6837\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u79ef\u7d2f\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u5f02\u6765\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u662f\u8bc1\u636e\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u6240\u5728\u3002\u82e5\u5e0c\u671b\u51cf\u5c11\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u539f\u56e0\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u91cd\u70b9\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u7b49\u3002\u79ef\u7d2f\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u7528\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u3002 NASEM 2019 \u62a5\u544a\u5c06\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff08Replicability\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u76f8\u540c\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u201c\u4e24\u7ed3\u679c\u95f4\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u201d\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6307\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0e\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u81f4\u7a0b\u5ea6\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002 \u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u5047\u8bbe\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u57fa\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u95f4\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc1\u636e\u3002 \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9884\u6ce8\u518c\uff08preregistration\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5[3]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u5148\u9a8c\u5047\u8bbe\u53ca\u5176\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bf4\u660e\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u201d\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027\u201d\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u53d6\u672a\u96e8\u7ef8\u7f2a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u6253\u72ec\u6597\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u53cd\u590d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e13\u4e3a\u7d2f\u8ba1\u8bc1\u636e\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002 NASEM 2019 \u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u6210\uff08research synthesis\uff09\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u5373\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u201c\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u6210\u662f\u5bf9\u5404\u7c7b\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7efc\u8ff0\u53ca\u5143\u5206\u6790\uff08meta-analyses\uff09[3]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u68c0\u7d22\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u6574\u5408\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bed\u5883\u7406\u89e3\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5f97\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56de\u987e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u56de\u987e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u504f\u501a\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u5904\u7406\u53d1\u8868\u504f\u501a\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u56de\u987e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u67d0\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u79ef\u7d2f\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76[9]\u3002 NASEM 2019 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3. \u8fdb\u5c55<\/p>\n

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Science 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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e
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(\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8\u67e5\u770b)<\/p>\n

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