{"id":24598,"date":"2021-03-16T22:04:24","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T14:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24598"},"modified":"2021-03-16T22:04:24","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T14:04:24","slug":"cesar-hidalgo-%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e5%8f%8a%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24598","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e9sar Hidalgo \u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u5747\u8861\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u5728 Nature Reviews Physics \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u300c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005C\u00e9sar A. Hidalgo\u662f\u56fe\u5362\u5179\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u5de5\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u66fe\u9886\u5bfcMIT\u5a92\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u96c6\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u6210\u679c\u4e30\u7855\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6b63\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u671f15\u5468\u7684\u300c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u300d\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u7814\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u524d\u6cbf\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 200 \u540d\u8001\u5e08\u540c\u5b66\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u66f4\u591a\u5bf9\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u6587\u672b\u3002
C\u00e9sar A. Hidalgo | \u4f5c\u8005\u9646\u6021\u821f | \u8bd1\u8005\u674e\u5c0f\u840c\u3001\u5218\u57f9\u6e90 | \u5ba1\u6821
\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a
Economic complexity theory and applications\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42254-020-00275-1<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

1. \u6458\u8981
2. \u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e
3. \u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49
4. \u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5e94\u7528
5. \u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e94\u7528
6. \u5efa\u6a21
7. \u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd
8. \u5c55\u671b<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n


1. \u6458\u8981<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u56de\u987e\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6f14\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u5316\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff08\u964d\u7ef4\uff09\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u6536\u5165\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3001\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\u4ee5\u5236\u9488\u5de5\u573a\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u65e9\u5c31\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf[1-6]\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\u3002\u8fd1\u5341\u6765\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u52a0\u901f\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u540c\u6837\u5173\u6ce8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u6295\u5165-\u4ea7\u51fa\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u8981\u4e48\u901a\u8fc7GDP\uff08\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\uff09\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u603b\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u6216\u8005\u77e5\u8bc6\u7b49\u6295\u5165\u3002\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53bb\u5f52\u7eb3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5229\u7b49\u5730\u57df\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u964d\u7ef4\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u57fa\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u4f7f\u7528\u6781\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u964d\u7ef4\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5ea6\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f15\u5165[7,8]\uff0c\u5ea6\u91cf\u7279\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5ea6\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u67d0\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c06\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6269\u5f20\u6216\u662f\u51cf\u7f13\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\u57fa\u591a\uff08\u5384\u74dc\u5c14\u591a\u9996\u90fd\uff09\u3001\u57fa\u8f85\uff08\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u9996\u90fd\uff09\u3001\u74dc\u8fbe\u62c9\u54c8\u62c9\uff08\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce\u5e02\uff09\u79bb\u62e5\u6709\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5236\u836f\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fd8\u5dee\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55[9]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u5404\u56fd\u51fa\u53e3\u3001\u5404\u57ce\u5e02\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u5c31\u4e1a\u7b49\uff09\u6765\u4f30\u7b97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u6295\u5165\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u62bd\u53d6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u6f5c\u529b[9]\u548c\u521b\u9020\u548c\u5206\u914d\u6536\u5165\u7684\u80fd\u529b[10]\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5219\u4e0d\u7279\u610f\u53bb\u7ec6\u81f4\u5206\u8fa8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u6548\u679c\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u8fd9\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u523b\u610f\u53bb\u5173\u6ce8\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u56e0\u7d20\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316[7,8,11-18]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u7ec8\u6b62\u67d0\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u964d\u7ef4\u6280\u672f\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\uff08singular value decomposition\uff0cSVD\uff09\uff1b\u4e13\u680f1\uff09\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6700\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5047\u5b9a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u964d\u7ef4\u6280\u672f\u5219\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6c42\u5f97\u89e3\u91ca\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u9884\u6d4b[9,19-25]\u3001\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49[10,26-29]\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e[30-33]\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5916\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd8\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u590d\u5174\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u751f\u589e\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6df1\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3001\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u590d\u5174\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9a\u91cf\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u6b27\u76df\u7684Smart Specialization Strategy [36-38]\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a[39-41]\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684Smart Diversification strategy\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684Super clusters Initiative\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd[14,42-46]\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd[26,47-52]\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5[25,53,54]\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927[55]\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af[56,57]\u3001\u5df4\u897f[58-62]\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d[63]\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a[64]\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176[65-67]\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259[68]\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229[69-73]\u3001\u5df4\u62c9\u572d[74]\u548c\u82f1\u56fd[75,76]\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf[77,78]\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u70b9\u51fb\u7387\u6216\u8005\u5728\u7ebf\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u533a\u57df\u7279\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u5219\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3aSVD\u3001\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u7c7b\u964d\u7ef4\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5411\u91cf\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4f5c\u5185\u751f\u589e\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55[79-81]\u3002\u5185\u751f\u589e\u957f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u6765\u81ea\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65[79,81]\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08non-rival good\uff09[79,81]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u591a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4eba\u5747\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u957f\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u590d\u5236\u548c\u5171\u4eab[82-85]\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6269\u6563\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883[82,85]\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb[7,8,11,19,58,86,87]\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc[88-90]\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e5f\u662f\u7f04\u9ed8\u7684[91-93]\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5916\u663e\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027[58,93]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5730\u7406\u7c98\u6027\uff08geographically sticky\uff09[94,95]\u3002\u968f\u4e4b\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u77e5\u8bc6[19,93]\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5c1a\u5728\u8941\u8913\u4e2d\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5173\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6[7]\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027[9]\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u5fd7\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e8b\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u8054\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u800c\u540e\u662f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u518d\u5176\u540e\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3001\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u3001\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u987e\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5c55\u671b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u672c\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n


2. \u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08organized complexity\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u5b66<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u548cAI\u5148\u9a71\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u97e6\u5f17\uff08Warren Weaver\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201cScience and complexity\u201d[96]\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u66f4\u5177\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4fbf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u97e6\u5f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u8d77\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u50cf\u949f\u6446\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u884c\u661f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u3001\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5374\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u9010\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5404\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u6574\u4f53\u6982\u7387\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6c14\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u97e6\u5f17\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u8f68\u8ff9\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6982\u7387\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u9488\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u5206\u53ef\u8fa8\u8ba4\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4fbf\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u97e6\u5f17\u53d1\u8868\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u90a3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5316\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u97e6\u5f17\u7684\u773c\u5149\u4e4b\u957f\u8fdc\u3002\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u6216\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u548c\u6210\u5206\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u6839\u53d1\u82bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9075\u4ece\u97e6\u5f17\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u8054\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u56e0\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u9879\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u548c\u6210\u5206\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u964d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u800c\u8a00\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u201c\u5438\u6536\u6d88\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff08absorptive capacity\uff09[97]\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u6307\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5438\u6536\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5176\u539f\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u5438\u6536\u6d88\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u65f6[82-86,98,99]\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u67d0\u4e00\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u5165\u573a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7980\u8d4b\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u539f\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u6280\u672f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u805a\u96c6\u60c5\u51b5[98,103,105]\u6216\u8005\u662f\u884c\u653f\u5206\u5c42[104]\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[103,104]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d7\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e92\u6709\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e92\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662fMarshall-Arrow-Romer\uff08MAR\uff09\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6548\u5e94\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7fa4\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u80fd\u3001\u77ed\u671f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u662fJacobs\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ea7\u4e1a\u95f4\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u957f\u671f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4ee5MAR\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\u3001Jacobs\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\u4e3a\u4e24\u7aef\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65e2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4[104,107]\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u952e\u7684\u533a\u522b\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u5ba2\u6237\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7a0d\u8bb8\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a[107]\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u53c8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5b83\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6295\u5165\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5374\u6709\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u9664\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8054\u7ed3\u5173\u7cfb[108,109]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff08proximity\uff09[7]\u3001\u5171\u805a\u5ea6\uff08coagglomeration\uff09[98]\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u957f\u8db3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5730\u533a\u3001\u533a\u57df\uff09\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb[7]\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u8fd8\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1[7]\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a[11,12,58]\u3001\u6280\u672f[13,14,42]\u3001\u804c\u4e1a[16,17,46,110]\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df[15,18]\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8[111]\u4ee5\u53ca\u97f3\u4e50[112]\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u56fe\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5730\u533a\u3001\u533a\u57df\uff09\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u9000\u51fa\u67d0\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684[7,12,15,19,41]\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5f52\u7eb3\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u5f8b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u6cd5\u5219[8]\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u52a8\uff08\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u9000\u51fa\uff09\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e0e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u8fd1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u540c\u6837\u8d77\u5230\u52a0\u901f\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528[9]\u3002\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u627f\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u8054\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u6307\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6280\u672f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762[113-115]\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u964d\u7ef4\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u6307\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e13\u5229\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c[117-119]\u3001\u6536\u5165[120]\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b[9,19]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fc5\u901f\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u8fd0\u7528[20-24]\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55[121-126]\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5916\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e[44,127]\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e[45,128]\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e[25]\u4e0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5229\u7528\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u63a2\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49[10,26-29]\u3001\u4eba\u7fa4\u798f\u5229[129,130]\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e[30-33,131]\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6807\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u5b9a\u671f\u5728\u7ebf\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u5982Observatory of Economic Complexity [132]\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u7684Data Mexico\u7b49\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5747\u80fd\u67e5\u9605\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u524d\u65b9\u5411<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e0b\u94bb\u548c\u6df1\u7a76\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u5728\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55[46,58,133-138]\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6[58]\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u5143\u5316\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272[135,136]\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e1a\u5df2\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u5bf9\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e13\u5229\u3001\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09[139,140]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u53cc\u8fb9\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76[134]\u4e2d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u63a2\u7a76\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ea7\u51fa[141]\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55[142]\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55[143-147]\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e[148]\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u5b9a\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u591a\u6837\u5316\u8def\u5f84\u7b56\u7565[149]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u6548\u679c\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7[150,151]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u62d3\u5c55\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49[10,26-28,152]\u3001\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49[153,154]\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55[129,130,155]\u3001\u4ea7\u51fa\u6ce2\u52a8[156]\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u529b[157]\u3001\u5065\u5eb7[158]\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e[30,31,131]\u7b49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u8fdb\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5730\u57df\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u97e6\u5f17\u957f\u8fdc\u773c\u5149\u7684\u81f4\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n


3. \u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\uff08Specialized matrix\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u5730\u533a\u7b49\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u4e0b\u6807c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u4e0b\u6807p\u8868\u793a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d-\u201c\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u7fa4\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n

Xcp\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u793a\u533a\u57dfc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8p\u7684\u6570\u91cf \uff081\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u3001\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u91cf\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u7387\u7b49\u6570\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d-\u201c\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u6bd4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e3a\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\uff08R\uff09\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20Xcp\u90fd\u88ab\u9664\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u884c\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u53eb\u505a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5546\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u663e\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\uff08revealed comparative advantage\uff09\u3002\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u548c\u8bb0\u4e3a   \uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Einstein\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c42\u548c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635Aij,  )\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635Rcp\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

(2)<\/p>\n

Rcp\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\uff08Xcp\uff09\u4e0e\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff08XcXp\/X\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eRcp\uff1e1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u533a\u57dfc\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8p\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u66f4\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9[124,125,166]\u3002\u5982\u679cPc\u6307\u7684\u662f\u533a\u57dfc\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\uff0c \u662f\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u53e3\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u540e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635[166]\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

(3)<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\uff082\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u77e9\u9635R\uff0c\u7c97\u7565\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u5bf9\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u548c\u5373\u662f\u5206\u6bcd\u4e2d\u7684Xc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u4e8e\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\uff083\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u77e9\u9635Rpop\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5747\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u53bb\u9664\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u683c\u6ce2\u52a8\u3001\u5b63\u8282\u6548\u5e94\u6216\u8005\u6c47\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6cb9\u4ef7\u4e0b\u8dcc\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea7\u6cb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u975e\u6cb9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u663e\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u53bb\u566a\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5bf93-5\u5e74\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eR\u548cRpop\u8868\u793a\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53log\u5316\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8c\u503c\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635M\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8eR\u65f6\uff0cR*\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a1\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8eRpop\u65f6\uff0cR*\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a0.25[166]\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u663e\u8457\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08Mcp=1\uff09\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08Mcp=0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9M\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u52a0\u603b\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0cdiversity\uff09\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e00\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0cubiquity\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff085\uff09
\uff086\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e0e\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4[9]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5185\u5d4c\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u5173[166]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7aef\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u6563\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927[44]\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ea\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u53d7\u5230\u7c92\u5ea6\u3001\u9891\u7387\u3001\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u7c92\u5ea6\u6781\u7ec6\uff08\u4f7f\u75286\u4f4d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u534f\u8c03\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u636e\uff08Harmonized System\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc75000\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u522b\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u66f4\u7c97\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u6709\u5341\u6765\u4e2a\u54c1\u7c7b\uff09\u3002\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u56fd\u9645\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u8f83\u597d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7c7b\u6807\u51c6\u4ec5\u5728\u67d0\u56fd\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u533a\u5185\u9002\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5357\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u2014\u2014Mercosur\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u7406\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5212\u5206\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57ce\u5e02\u7fa4\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5212\u5206\u5219\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5dee\u522b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u8005\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u4e0a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5c0f\u81f3\u4e0d\u523012000\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5c9b\u56fd\u56fe\u74e6\u5362\uff0c\u548c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u66f4\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u622a\u65ad\u5c3e\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56db\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u5927\u4e8e10\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u8d85\u8fc71\u767e\u4e07\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u8fc7\u4f4e\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e8e5\u4ebf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5982\u4ea7\u51fa\u3001\u8d27\u7269\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6d4b\u7b97\u7684\u8d8a\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u8d8a\u6709\u671b\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4f5c\u8d8a\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d-\u201c\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u4f18\u52bf\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4f18\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5e73\u51e1\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u03c9cp\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff087\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91ccB\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6b63\u503c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u5982M\u3001Rpop\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u591a\u671f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0a\uff08\u5982Rcp(t), Rcp(t-1)\uff09<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u6765\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u6280\u672f[7]\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u62d3\u5c55\u4e3a\u89c2\u6d4b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u8fd1\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u91cf[167]\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u62d3\u5c55\u4e3a\u89c2\u6d4b\u591a\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u91cf[139,140]\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u6216\u76f8\u8fd1\u5ea6\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff0cProximity\uff09[7]\u3002\u5bf9\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8ddd\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u03d5pp\u2032\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u533a\u57df\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8ddd\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u03d5cc\u2032\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d[7]\u3001\u201c\u884c\u4e1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d[11]\u3001\u201c\u6280\u672f\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d[13]\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d[15]\uff08\u56fe1\uff09\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5219\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d[167]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u805a\u96c6\uff08collocation\uff09\u3001\u62b1\u56e2\uff08coagglomeration\uff09[98]\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387[7]\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff088\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff089\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u6d4b\u540c\u4e00\u5de5\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u79cd\u7c7b[11]\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u6216\u884c\u4e1a\u95f4\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6d41\u52a8\uff08\u6280\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff09[12,58,168,169]\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u805a\u96c6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u503c\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u8fd1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u56fe1\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u8fd1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7c07\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u670d\u88c5\u7c7b\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u7c7b\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u7c7b\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u660e\u663e\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u660e\u663e\u3002\u884c\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u54d1\u94c3\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u578b\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u578b\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u8fd1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ea6\u91cf\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff08relatedness or affinity\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528\u76f8\u8fd1\u5ea6\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0810\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8[7]\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u76f8\u8fd1\u5ea6\u6c42\u5e73\u65b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u4e49\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u5b9e\u52a1\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\uff0810\uff09\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\uff0810\uff09\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u660e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff08Mc\uff09\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5355\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u3001\u5355\u4e00\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u3001\u8de8\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6[171]\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Z-score\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u9664\u4e0a\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u6570\u503c\u800c\u6c42\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u548c\u4f30\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u65b9\u6cd5[172]\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u81ea\u52a9\u9910\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Indian buffet process\uff09[173]\u3001SVD[174]\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u9690\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n




\u56fe1\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u8fd1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u8fd1\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7c07\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5916\u5468\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u6784\u6210\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u7ea2\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u57c3\u53ca\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u663e\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u5927\u4e8e1\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u804c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff0c\u7740\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6280\u672f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u5206\u7c7b\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86[13,14,15,18,58,12,17,16]\u7684\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u5ea6\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4ece\u800c\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0eSVD\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u964d\u7ef4\u5de5\u5177\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u4e13\u680f1\uff09\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6807\u4ee5\u975e\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u591a\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57dfc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027Kc\u3001\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8p\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027Kp\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u6784\u6210\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0811\uff09
\uff0812\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u8868\u660e\u533a\u57df\u590d\u6742\u6027\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u8026\u6210\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u6d3d\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u523b\u753b\u533a\u57df\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff0813\uff09
\uff0814\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e0d\u542b\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9999\u519c\u4fe1\u606f\u71b5\u3001HHI\u6307\u6570\uff08Herfindahl-Hirschman index\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cHHI\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aKc=f(Mcp)\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d-\u201c\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u57282009\u5e74[9]\u3002\u5c06\u51fd\u6570f\u3001g\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u5373\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff08ECI\uff1bKc\uff09\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff08PCI\uff1bKp\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0815\uff09
\uff0816\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5012\u6570\u5e73\u5747\u6cd5\u7b49\u4ef7[175,176]\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u89e3\u8026\u540e\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0817\uff09
\uff0818\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0819\uff09
\uff0820\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635  \u3001 \u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662fMcp\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206[176]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e  \u3001 \u5747\u4e3a\u884c\u968f\u673a\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u5373 \u3001  \uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e3a1\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u673a\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u5bf9\u5747\u8861\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5206\u5272\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0cECI\u662f\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5206\u7fa4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5206\u5272\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e13\u680f1\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0eSVD\u5206\u89e3\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5206\u89e3\u6280\u672f\u662f\u68c0\u89c6\u77e9\u9635\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u5e38\u6570\u9879\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7Z\u53d8\u6362\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff08\u7531\u4e8eECI\u4e0d\u662f\u539a\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0821\uff09
\uff0822\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5927\u4e8e0\u7684ECI\u503c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u5bf9PCI\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88681\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f
<\/p>\n

\u88681\u548c\u56fe2\u30013\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u533a\u57df\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7fa4\uff08metropolitan statistical areas\uff0cMSA\uff09\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u6570\u3001\u5404\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5404\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6280\u672f\u9886\u5148\u578b\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5730\u533a\uff09\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u7845\u8c37\uff08\u5723\u4f55\u585e\uff09\u5728\u4e24\u7c7b\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u9886\u5148\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u56fd\u9645\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u60c5\u51b5\u7a0d\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a\u7387\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u9886\u5148\u7684\u662f\u6280\u672f\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u3001\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u3001\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u548c\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u9886\u5148\u8005\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f8e\u5149\uff08Micron\uff09\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u603b\u90e8\u6240\u5728\u5730\u535a\u4f0a\u897f\uff08\u7231\u8fbe\u8377\u5dde\u9996\u5e9c\uff09\uff0c3M\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u5728\u5730\u660e\u5c3c\u82cf\u8fbe\u5dde\u7684\u7f57\u5207\u65af\u7279\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

ECI\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u5747\u503c\u5316\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ec5\u5f53\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u590d\u6742\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u5165\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635  \u3001 \u5206\u522b\u88ab\u884c\u3001\u5217\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u66f4\u5927\uff08\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u5bf9\u89d2\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f97\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0cECI\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6280\u672f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570[178,117-119]\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u572883%-93%\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6570\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6269\u6563\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d44\u672c\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u56e0\u7d20\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800cECI\u6307\u6570\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u8d4b\u6743\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5185\u751f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa[178]\u3002ECI\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5b83\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8c31\u5f97\u6765\uff08   \u3001 \u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u77e9\u9635\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97ECI\u3001PCI\u6210\u4e3a\u4f30\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e[9,19]\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e[44]\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e[128]\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e[45]\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6d88\u8d39\u6570\u636e[179]\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eceECI\u3001PCI\u51fa\u73b0[9]\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\uff08Rpop\uff09[125]\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528Google\u7684PageRank\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684[180]\uff0c\u6709\u8c03\u6574\u51fd\u6570f\u3001g\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684[121,122,181]\uff0c\u6709\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5229\u7528\u4e09\u90e8\u56fe\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684[123,124]\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u521b\u65b0\u8c03\u6574ECI\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684[126]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62d3\u5c55\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06ECI\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684log\u62df\u5408[121]\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a86%[10]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\uff0cECI\u4e0elog\u62df\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u572890.3%[45]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0cECI\u4e0elog\u62df\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u572876%[49]\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4[20]\u3002<\/p>\n



\u56fe2\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u56fea\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\u3002\u56feb\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5404\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u5708\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u6ce5\u6cbc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u662f\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6216\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7531ECI\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u662f\u6b63\u4ea4\u4e8e[176]\u5173\u4e8e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6216\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceHHI\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u8868\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u6307\u6807\u4e0eECI\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56fe\uff08\u56fe4\uff09\u4e0a\u770b\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u8ba1\u91cf\u57fa\u7840\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e[44]\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e[128]\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e[45]\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6d88\u8d39\u6570\u636e[179]\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53bb\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8005\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n




\u56fe3\uff1a\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684ECI\u6307\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u534f\u8c03\u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u8d38\u6613\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\u3001\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\uff08Mcp\uff0c\u7531Rcp=\uff08Xcplocal\/Xclocal)\/(Xpworld\/Xworld)\u5f97\u6765\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5404\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u91ccRcp\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\uff0cXcp\u6307\u533a\u57dfc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91cfp\u3002\u6570\u636e\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u6587\u732e[132]\uff0c\u53ef\u4eceoec.world\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4. \u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5f8b<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f18\u52bf\u8d8b\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u6216\u662f\u51cf\u5f31\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u5f8b\uff08\u56fe5\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7[7,19]\u3001\u884c\u4e1a[11,12,50,58,182]\u3001\u4e13\u5229[13,14]\u3001\u804c\u4e1a[16,17]\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76[15,18,183]\u7b49\u4e0d\u5c11\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u90fd\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0823\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5904|c, p\u8868\u793a\u533a\u57df\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u53d7\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5f8b\u5199\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\u56de\u5f52\u5f62\u5f0f[135,136]\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0824\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684Fc\u3001Fp\u5206\u522b\u662f\u533a\u57df\u56e0\u7d20\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u03b5\u662f\u6b8b\u5dee\u9879\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5f8b\u8868\u660e\u56de\u5f52\u7cfb\u6570B\u662f\u663e\u8457\u6b63\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n




\u56fe4\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u6536\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\u9488\u5bf9\u5730\u533a\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u5e02\u5708\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u3001GDP\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u5206\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6784\u9020\u9884\u6d4b\u4f18\u52bf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5ea6\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u6e20\u9053\u6548\u5e94\u4e0a[46,58,133,134]\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u884c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6[58]\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6a21\u578b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0825\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c  \u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0826\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc  \u662f\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5ea6\u91cf\uff08partialized metric\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u7531\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u53bb\u8d8b\u52bf\u5316\uff08detrended\uff09\u540e\u5f97\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0827\uff09
\uff0828\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e[58]\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u5168\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u6570\u636e\uff08entire  formal-sector economy of Brazil\uff09\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e09\u9879\u6e20\u9053\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u884c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u548c\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6d41\u52a8\u4e3a\u8ba1\u91cf\u6307\u6807[12]\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u884c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u533a\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u521b\u7acb\u60c5\u51b5\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fdb\u5165\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[58]\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u793a\u884c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u662f\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5148\u950b\u4f01\u4e1a\uff08\u67d0\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\uff09\u7684\u521b\u8bbe\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u76f8\u4f3c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u5e26\u4e2d\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u79cd\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4e92\u8865\u6027\uff08\u67d0\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff09\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff08\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u4f3c\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff09\u548c\u533a\u57df\u540c\u6b65\u6027\uff08\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff09[46]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u9879\u6df7\u6742\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u4e09\u79cd\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u65b0\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff08Rcp\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e14\u8d85\u8fc71\u8fd9\u4e00\u9608\u503c\uff09\u548c\u6d88\u4ea1\uff08Rcp\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4e14\u4f4e\u4e8e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u9608\u503c\uff09\u5747\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u9884\u6d4b\u529b\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff08\u533a\u57df\u540c\u6b65\u6027\uff09\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u804c\u4e1a\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5206\u89e3\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5171\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5f31\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u53d8\u5316\u4e0a\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u884c\u4e1a\u503e\u5411\u4e0e\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5171\u5b58\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5bf9\u804c\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0[138]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7814\u7a76[133,134]\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5229\u7528\u5230\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6[133]\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u53cc\u8fb9\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u7ef4\u5ea6[134,184,185]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5ea6\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u884c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u4ece\u96c6\u6210\u88c5\u914d\u5230\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\uff09\u4e2d\u6bd4\u5728\u4e0b\u884c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u4ece\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5230\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7531\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u65b0\u5165\u5c40\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u653f\u7b56\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5176\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5230\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u5316\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ece\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5230\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u53cc\u8fb9\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u6548\u5e94\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\u53cc\u8fb9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u6e20\u9053\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u5546\uff08\u539f\u4ea7\u5730\uff09\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff09[134]\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u4e09\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u5c06Rcp\u62d3\u5c55\u4e3aRcpd\uff0cd\u4ee3\u8868\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u5206\u522b\u9488\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1[7]\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u5546[167]\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546[184,185]\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u8a00[134]\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\uff0c\u7c97\u7565\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u662f\u5730\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff0c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5206\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u53c9\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f18\u52bf\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u7740\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0829\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91ccFc\u3001Fp\u5206\u522b\u662f\u533a\u57df\u56e0\u5b50\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u5730\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\uff0cB2\u3001B3\u5206\u522b\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u5b50\u4ea4\u53c9\u9879\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u5728\u533a\u57df\u56e0\u5b50Fc\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f18\u52bf\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\uff08B1+B2Fc\uff09\u03c9cp\uff0cB2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fFc\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u524a\u5f31\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u5224\u5b9a\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff08\u534f\u8c03\u578b\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u5f3a\u6216\u8005\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5[135]\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u534f\u8c03\u578b\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d[136]\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u5546\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\uff08FDI\uff09\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7814\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7b49\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u5206\u89e3\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0eFDI\u3001\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6570\u636e\u663e\u8457\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8bf4\u660eFDI\u3001\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u533a\u57df\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7a81\u7834\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e[171]\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u3001\u66f4\u968f\u673a\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u5165\u5c40\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5730\u533a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5229\u7528\u57ce\u5e02\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6392\u6c61\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76[137]\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u673a\u5236\u662f\uff0c\u6c61\u67d3\u8d8a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u73af\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u7ea6\u675f\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5e26\u6765\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55[137]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u90fd\u8d77\u5230\u524a\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8d77\u5230\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u56e2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\uff09\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6[186]\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u5173\u8054\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u56e0\u5b50\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u9879\u7684\u91cf\u7ea7\u504f\u5c0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u6548\u5e94\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e8c\u9636\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe5\uff1a\u76f8\u5173\u5f8b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5f8b\u8868\u660e\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u5165\u6216\u9000\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u4e0e\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5426\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e[15]\u3002RCA\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u663e\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6388\u6743\u6765\u81ea[8]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5165\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u804c\u4e1a[12,58,187,188]\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6d41\u51fa\u65b9\u548c\u6d41\u5165\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u745e\u5178[168,189]\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229[169]\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u5165\u76f8\u8fd1\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u5de5\u5382\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u6d41\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5230\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6062\u590d[190]\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e5f\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u533a\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e5f\u66f4\u9ad8[191]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5173\u95ed\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u635f\u5931\u66f4\u5c0f[141]\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e1a\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u957f\u671f\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u635f\u5931\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u91cd\u65b0\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6536\u5165\u635f\u5931[141]\u3002\u745e\u5178\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6536\u5165\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8[192]\u3002\u800c\u8f6c\u6362\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6536\u5165\u4f1a\u5267\u51cf[193]\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6291\u5236\u5931\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5931\u4e1a\u3001\u6536\u5165\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027<\/p>\n

\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7eff\u8272\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5728\u539f\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u4ea7\u54c1[143-146,194]\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a[60]\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7980\u8d4b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u76ee\u6807\u7eff\u8272\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u98ce\u529b\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u53d1\u5c55\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc5\u901f[146,194]\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u5e94\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u6301[194]\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7eff\u8272\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n


5. \u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u8bf8\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55[9,19-23,25]\u3001\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49[10,26-29,152]\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e[30-32]\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a[195]\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6[95]\u7b49\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u4eceECI\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f[9]\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u5747GDP\uff09\u4e0eECI\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u521d\u59cb\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff08Fc\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0830\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5341\u5e74\u4e3a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0cECI\u7684\u786e\u662f\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u597d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u9489\u4f4f\u5747\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u7a33\u5065\u7684[19]\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76[20-25,196,197]\u90fd\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7a33\u5065\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u51fa\u53e3\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8bdd[19]\u3002ECI\u548c\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u8fc7\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5f97\u4ee5\u518d\u73b0[24]\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u3001\u89c2\u6d4b\u671f\u5185\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u51fa\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020ECI\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4eba\u5747GDP\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u6027[20]\u3002\u5bf9210\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9762\u677f\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6b63\u5411\u76f8\u5173[198]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684ECI\u6307\u6570\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5448\u73b0\u6b63\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c1855\u52301900\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u4e16\u754c\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u5341\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2ECI\u6307\u6570\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a00\u758f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u671f\u521d\u6536\u5165\u548c\u9759\u6001\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5e74\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94\uff09\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0ECI\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u80fd\u8d21\u732e3-4%\u7684\u672a\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9221\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u548c\u5bf9\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u3001FDI\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u7387\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u8d21\u732e\u4e860.7\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u5747GDP\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u521d\u59cb\u4eba\u5747GDP\u3001\u539f\u6cb9\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u56fa\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5927\u7ea6\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5404\u7701\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u5927\u7ea6\u5bf9\u5e943\u5e74\u95f47-10%\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f[199]\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u804c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5272\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5728\u4f53\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa[200]\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d8b\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u5dee\u8ddd[201]\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u6027[197]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fd8\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6536\u5165\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u6bd4\u7684\u5730\u533a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u4f4e[10]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5e93\u5179\u6d85\u8328\u66f2\u7ebf[202]\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5148\u653e\u5927\u3001\u540e\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6216\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7ebf\u6027\uff09\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u975e\u5012U\u578b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u4f46\u6536\u5165\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u77ff\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5982\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u667a\u5229\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u4f46\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5982\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u732e[152]\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u95f4\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u56fd\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5374\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u589e\u957f\u7684\u3002\u6587\u732e[152,203]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u53c9\u9879\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u826f\u597d\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u624d\u5177\u6709\u5747\u8861\u6548\u5e94\uff08equalizing effect\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u56fd\u4e4b\u5185\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u7701\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4e8c\u9636\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u8bf4\u660e\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u51f8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591f\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5012U\u578b\u5173\u7cfb\uff09[28]\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53bf\u7ea7\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u5ea6\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u5c0f\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4e8c\u9636\u6548\u5e94[27]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6587\u732e[154]\u7528\u5df4\u897f\u5168\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u6570\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u522b\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u964d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u5f02\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fd8\u4e0e\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6027\u522b\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u6709\u5173[153]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u6bd4\u5982[26]\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5bf9\u964d\u4f4e\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5916\u8d38\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u5dee\u5f02\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f00\u5c55\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4e0e\u964d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6027[29]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u51fa\u53e3\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u6bd4\u91cd\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6743\u201d[10]\u3002\u8bb0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0831\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cGinic\u5373\u662f\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u7528\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6743\u91cdWcp\u5373\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0832\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ec4\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u57fa\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08counterfactual\uff09[10]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff0cECI\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e[30-33,59,204]\u548c\u7eff\u8272\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d[60]\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n

ECI\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7ee9\u6548\u6307\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662fECI\u4e0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u8d1f\u7684[32,59]\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5e93\u5179\u6d85\u8328\u73af\u5883\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u5373\u6c61\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u5148\u5347\u540e\u964d[31,59,131,205,206]\u3002\u66fe\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6570\u636e\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u5747GDP\u53ca\u5176\u5e73\u65b9\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u9ad8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4f4e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u663e\u8457\u76f8\u5173[31]\u3002\u4ee555\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6837\u672c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u503e\u5411\u5e26\u6765\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6062\u590d\u76f8\u5173[206]\u3002\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5229\u752825\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9762\u677f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u7684\u5012U\u578b\u5173\u7cfb[30]\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005[205]\u5229\u7528118\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9762\u677f\u6570\u636e\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5148\u589e\u957f\u800c\u540e\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u652f\u6301\u5b58\u5728\u5e93\u5179\u6d85\u8328\u73af\u5883\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u5047\u8bf4[31,131]\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u5148\u589e\u540e\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5173\u4e8eECI\u3001\u6ede\u540eECI\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5355\u4f4dGDP\u6392\u653e\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u7814\u7a76[33]\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u5747GDP\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7387\u3001\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7b49\u591a\u9879\u56e0\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u6ede\u540eECI\u4e0e\u6392\u653e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6309\u7167\u6587\u732e[10]\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7ee9\u6548\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u3001\u6392\u653e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7b49\u6307\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6392\u653e\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u6743\u76ca\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5065\u5eb7<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55[129,130]\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u6307\u6570[158]\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6587\u732e[129]\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u732e[130]\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76[158]\u4e2d\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u90bb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u5185\u751f\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u7acb\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3001\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u3001\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u56fa\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c[19,22,24,25,198]\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9884\u6d4b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4f53\u5236[19]\u3001\u6559\u80b2[19,22]\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6[9,19]\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6[22]\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u51fa\u53e3[19,25]\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44[22]\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u85c9\u7531\u672c\u5730\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u7387\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u6570\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u9057\u6f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u504f\u8bef\uff08omitted-variable bias\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u68c0\u9a8c\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u76f8\u90bb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb[158]\u3002\u4ee5\u53ca\uff0c\u6587\u732e[207]\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\u662f\u4eba\u5747GDP\u589e\u957f\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u91cf\u5ea6\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u91ca\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u66f4\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u5e38\u8bc6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u814a\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u5047\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u9ad8GDP\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5047\u5b9a\u9ad8\u4eba\u5747GDP\u3001\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u3001\u963f\u66fc\u3001\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u5df4\u6797\u3001\u52a0\u84ec\u548c\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u5bc6\u4ee5\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f4\u89c9\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u6e90\u4e8e\u5206\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n


6. \u5efa\u6a21<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5efa\u6a21\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5[208-211]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u98df\u8c31\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u6599\u7ec4\u5408[210]\u3001\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd[19]\u6216\u8005\u4e50\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b[9,210]\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u51fa\u73b0\u57282009\u5e74[9]\uff0c\u57282011\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89e3[208]\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5efa\u6a21\u51fa\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u5c06\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff08[0,1]\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff08[0,1]\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5177\u5907\u67d0\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6295\u5165\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff0833\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4fbf\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5047\u8bbe\u77e9\u9635C\u548cP\u662f\u968f\u673a\u76840-1\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u6982\u7387r\u548cq\u51fa\u73b0\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u8fd8\u539f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff08Mc\uff09\u4e0e\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08\u4e0e\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5185\u5d4c\u7279\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9884\u6d4b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\uff0834\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2dNc\u662f\u533a\u57df\u6570\u91cf\uff0cNp\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u91cf\uff0cNa\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u518d\u73b0\u5171\u805a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u5e03[208]\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86[213]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6807\u5ea6\u5f8b\u4e2d\u6807\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5dee\u5f02[212]\u3002
\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u6709\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u56de\u62a5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7279\u5316\u7684\uff08\u6295\u5165\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u7279\u522b\u591a\uff09\u6216\u8005\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u6563\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u589e\u957f\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u5c11\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u53d1\u5c55\u9677\u9631\uff08\u7528\u5b57\u6bcd-\u5355\u8bcd\u6765\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u5c94\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6587\u732e[210]\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6f14\u8fdb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6295\u5165\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u7684\u6709\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u5165\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u65b0\u6d3b\u52a8\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5b88\u6052\u5f8b\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u5b88\u6052\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4ea7\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u7528\u4ea7\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6295\u5165\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n


7. \u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u8fdb\uff1f\u8be5\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u9650\u5236\u548c\u56e0\u5b50\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u6f5c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5217\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790[19,36]\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u67d0\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6709\u201c\u591a\u5bb9\u6613\u201d\u3002\u800c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u201c\u4f4e\u5904\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u6269\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u65f6\u6700\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u591a\u6837\u6027\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u8fdb\u5165\u5bb9\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u505a\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u662f\u5426\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7acb\u8db3\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f[19,36,150]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u6cbf\u7740\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u503e\u5411\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8[151]\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u8054[150]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u505a\u6cd5\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc6\u522b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u6280\u672f\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u76f8\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u505a\u8fc7\u591a\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e73\u5747\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8003\u8651\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u5165\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8fdb\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b21\u4f18\u9009\u62e9[149,214]\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u63a5\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5374\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6293\u4f4f\u4e2d\u7b49\u53d1\u5c55\u589e\u901f\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u653f\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u5173\u548c\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u66f4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u86d9\u8df3\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8df3\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e2d\u95f4\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\u52a0\u901f\u53d6\u5f97\u56de\u62a5[215-217]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u6563\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c[82-85]\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u6563\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5448\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d8a\u8fdc[44]\uff08\u590d\u6742\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u8870\u51cf\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927[44]\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u805a\u96c6\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u590d\u6742\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5171\u805a\u5ea6[95]\u3002<\/p>\n


\u56fe6\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u53d7\u7248\u9762\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4ec5\u5c55\u793a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76[164]\u5229\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u6bcf\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u589e\u52a0\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6ce8\u811a\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u94c1\u8def\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94[50]\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f53\u5236\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u66f4\u5f3a\u5065\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u9020\u5c31\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u5c31\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u7684[160]\u3002\u7a0e\u5236\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8f83\u5c11\u4f9d\u8d56\u8d44\u672c\u7a0e\u5236\u3001\u66f4\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u52b3\u5de5\u7a0e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u51fa\u53e3\u7cbe\u7ec6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1[159]\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5236\u5ea6\u8d28\u91cf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6[161]\u3002\u6587\u732e[218-220]\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u5916\u5546\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\uff08FDI\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u968f\u7740FDI\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u8d70\u9ad8\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6848\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8bf4\u660e\u65b9\u6848\u672c\u8eab\u6216\u8005\u9644\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5f62\u6210\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd[165]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f2a\u5f15\u529b\u6a21\u578b\uff08pseudo-gravity model\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u5173\u7cfb[162]\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u5f69\u8679\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0cLGBTQ+\uff09\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u76f8\u5173[163]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u786e\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u6797\u6797\u603b\u603b\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u5f15\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n


8. \u5c55\u671b<\/p>\n

1791\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u54c8\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5173\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5386\u53f2[221]\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5021\u8bae\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u5f53\u7a81\u7834\u539f\u6709\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7b49\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u54c8\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9886\u5148\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u591a\u5143\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52a0\u603b\uff08aggregation\uff09[1]\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u51b2\u6de1\u4e86\u54c8\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u628a\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u56e0\u7d20\u52a0\u603b\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5219\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u964d\u7ef4\u7684\u601d\u8def\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u52a0\u603b\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u5927\u6709\u52a9\u76ca\uff08\u56fe6\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u70b9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u51b2\u7a81\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u5728\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7279\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u54cd\u5e94\u97e6\u5f17\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u201d[96]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u5730\u533a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u6e05\u6670\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f00\u59cb\u626d\u8f6c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u63a2\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u522b\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u6295\u5165\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f71\u7247\u8bc4\u5206\uff08film credits\uff09\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5de5\u4e1a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6[222]\u3002\u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u539f\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6295\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e3a\u7a0e\u52a1\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u6240\u9700\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6293\u4f4f\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f71\u7247\u6444\u50cf\u3001\u5bfc\u6f14\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5173\u4e8e\u521b\u610f\u884c\u4e1a\uff08creative industry\uff09\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bf4\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5f71\u7247\u62cd\u6444\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f16\u5199\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6700\u521d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u5316\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u534f\u4f5c\u6027\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982GitHub\u3001LinkedIn\u6216\u8005IMDb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u97f3\u4e50[112]\u3001\u4f53\u80b2[111]\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u57df\u6027[223,224]\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u76ca\u5f15\u53d1\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u9886\u57df\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u679c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8[151]\uff0c\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7406\u8bba[149]\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u6218\u7565\uff08Smart Specialization Strategy\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5176\u5f53\u524d\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u7ebf[150]\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u4f55\u65f6\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u4f73\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u8fdc\u672a\u67af\u7aed\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u590d\u6742\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u6563\u7684\u8f83\u6162[44]\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5173\u7cfb[225]\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76[226,227]\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u3001\u90bb\u56fd\u3001\u90bb\u533a\u57df\u95f4[228]\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6548\u5e94\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u589e\u8fdb\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u6765\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11[176]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u8fc7\u96c7\u4f63\u6570\u636e[25,45,54,58,128]\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e[44]\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u51fa\u53e3\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6b63\u786e\u8861\u91cf\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba1\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u7528\u8d27\u7269\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u54c1\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7164\u70ad\u3001\u94c1\u77ff\u77f3\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u3002\u4f46\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8fd8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d38\u6613\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8d38\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6392\u540d\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u672a\u6765\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u521b\u65b0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u964d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08\u5730\u533a\u95f4\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u95f4\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5ea6\u91cf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ec5\u5229\u7528\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5f53\u9ad8\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65f6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u529b\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u975e\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u6216\u8005\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u597d\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u548c\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u8fd8\u5206\u5c5e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u800c\u4eca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u4e00\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u5f25\u5408\u5b66\u79d1\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u91cd\u5851\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u770b\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e13\u680f1
\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6295\u5165\u548c\u4ea7\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\uff08SVD\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u8054\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u89e3\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u77e9\u9635\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7SVD\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u7406\u7279\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2am\u00d7n\u7684\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u5047\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u6570\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u5176SVD\u5206\u89e3\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

R=U\u00d7S\u00d7V       \uff0835\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684U\u662fm\u00d7m\u7684\u6b63\u4ea4\u77e9\u9635\uff0cV\u662fn\u00d7n\u7684\u6b63\u4ea4\u77e9\u9635\uff0cS\u5219\u662fm\u00d7n\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u5316\u77e9\u9635\u3002SVD\u5206\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6765\u590d\u539f\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0836\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684Un\u548cVn\u5206\u522b\u662fU\uff08\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\uff09\u7684\u7b2cn\u5217\u3001V\uff08\u5947\u5f02\u503c\uff09\u7684\u7b2cn\u5217\u3002\u2297\u662f\u5411\u91cf\u5916\u79ef\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u8003\u8651C-D\uff08Cobb-Douglas\uff09\u578b\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570\uff0cY\u4e3a\u4ea7\u51fa\u3001K\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u3001L\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u3001A\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

Y=AK\u03b1L\u03b2         \uff0837\uff09<\/p>\n

\u03b1\u3001\u03b2\u4ee3\u8868\u5f39\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8en\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0cC-D\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570\u62d3\u5c55\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0838\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6570\u5316\u540e\u7528\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff0839\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u7684SVD\u5206\u89e3\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u591a\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff08U1,…,Un\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u57df\u56e0\u7d20\uff0cV1,…,Vn\u5bf9\u5e94\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u3001\u5f39\u6027\uff08S11,S22,…\uff09\u5747\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u89e3\u5f97\u3002\u7531\u4e8eSVD\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u5bf9\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4f18\u52bf\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\u4e0eSVD\u5206\u89e3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u91cf\u6700\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cR2=89%\uff09\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n


<\/div>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e
1. Beinhocker, E. D. The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics(Harvard Business School Press, 2006).
2. Holland, J. H. & Miller, J. H. Artificial adaptive agents in economic theory. Am. Econ. Rev. 81, 365\u2013370 (1991).
3. Miller, J. H. & Page, S. E. Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life (Princeton Univ. Press, 2009).
4. Kauffman, S. A. The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution(Oxford Univ. Press, 1993).
5. Krugman, P. Complex landscapes in economic geography. Am. Econ. Rev. 84, 412\u2013416 (1994).
6. Schelling, T. C. Micromotives and Macrobehavior(W.W. Norton & Company, 2006).
7. Hidalgo, C. A., Klinger, B., Barab\u00e1si, A.-L. & Hausmann, R. The product space conditions the development of nations. Science 317, 482\u2013487 (2007).
8. Hidalgo et al. in Unifying Themes in Complex Systems IX (eds Morales, A. J., Gershenson, C., Braha, D., Minai, A. A. & Bar-Yam, Y.) 451\u2013457 (Springer International Publishing, 2018).
9. Hidalgo, C. A. & Hausmann, R. The building blocks of economic complexity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 10570\u201310575 (2009).
10. Hartmann, D., Guevara, M. R., Jara-Figueroa, C., Aristar\u00e1n, M. & Hidalgo, C. A. Linking economic complexity, institutions, and income inequality. World Dev. 93, 75\u201393 (2017).
11. Neffke, F., Henning, M. & Boschma, R. How do regions diversify over time? Industry relatedness and the development of new growth paths in regions. Econ. Geogr. 87, 237\u2013265 (2011).
12. Neffke, F. & Henning, M. Skill relatedness and firm diversification. Strategic Manag. J. 34, 297\u2013316 (2013).
13. Kogler, D. F., Rigby, D. L. & Tucker, I. Mapping knowledge space and technological relatedness in US cities. Eur. Plan. Stud. 21, 1374\u20131391 (2013).
14. Boschma, R., Balland, P.-A. & Kogler, D. F. Relatedness and technological change in cities: the rise and fall of technological knowledge in US metropolitan areas from 1981 to 2010. Ind. Corp. Change 24, 223\u2013250 (2015).
15. Guevara, M. R., Hartmann, D., Aristar\u00e1n, M., Mendoza, M. & Hidalgo, C. A. The research space: using career paths to predict the evolution of the research output of individuals, institutions, and nations. Scientometrics 109, 1695\u20131709 (2016).
16. Muneepeerakul, R., Lobo, J., Shutters, S. T., Gom\u00e9z-Li\u00e9vano, A. & Qubbaj, M. R. Urban economies and occupation space: can they get \u201cthere\u201d from \u201chere\u201d? PLoS ONE 8, e73676 (2013).
17. Alabdulkareem, A. et al. Unpacking the polarization of workplace skills. Sci. Adv. 4, eaao6030 (2018).
18. Chinazzi, M., Gon\u00e7alves, B., Zhang, Q. & Vespignani, A. Mapping the physics research space: a machine learning approach. EPJ Data Sci. 8, 33 (2019).
19. Hausmann, R. et al. The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity(MIT Press, 2014).
20. Stojkoski, V., Utkovski, Z. & Kocarev, L. The impact of services on economic complexity: service sophistication as route for economic growth. PLoS ONE 11, e0161633 (2016).
21. Tacchella, A., Mazzilli, D. & Pietronero, L. A dynamical systems approach to gross domestic product forecasting. Nat. Phys. 14, 861\u2013865 (2018).
22. Poncet, S. & de Waldemar, F. S. Economic complexity and growth. Rev. \u00c9con. 64, 495\u2013503 (2013).
23. Domini, G. Patterns of Specialisation and Economic Complexity Through the Lens of Universal Exhibitions, 1855\u20131900 LEM Papers Series 2019\/20 (Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), 2019).
24. Ourens, G. Can the Method of Reflections Help Predict Future Growth? Documento de Trabajo\/FCS-DE; 17\/12(Universidad de la Republica, 2012).
25. Ch\u00e1vez, J. C., Mosqueda, M. T. & G\u00f3mez-Zald\u00edvar, M. Economic complexity and regional growth performance: evidence from the Mexican economy. Rev. Reg. Stud. 47, 201\u2013219 (2017).
26. Zhu, S., Yu, C. & He, C. Export structures, income inequality and urban-rural divide in China.
Appl. Geogr. 115, 102150 (2020).
27. Sbardella, A., Pugliese, E. & Pietronero, L. Economic development and wage inequality: a complex system analysis. PLoS ONE 12, e0182774 (2017).
28. Bandeira Morais, M., Swart, J. & Jordaan, J. A. Economic Complexity and Inequality: Does Productive Structure Affect Regional Wage Differentials in Brazil? USE Working Paper Series (Utrecht University, 2018).
29. Fawaz, F. & Rahnama-Moghadamm, M. Spatial dependence of global income inequality: The role of economic complexity. Int. Trade J. 33, 542\u2013554 (2019).
30. Neagu, O. & Teodoru, M. C. The relationship between economic complexity, energy consumption structure and greenhouse gas emission: heterogeneous panel evidence from the EU countries. Sustainability 11, 497 (2019).
31. Can, M. & Gozgor, G. The impact of economic complexity on carbon emissions: evidence from
France. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24, 16364\u201316370(2017).
32. Lapatinas, A., Garas, A., Boleti, E. & Kyriakou, A.Economic complexity and environmental performance: evidence from a world sample. MDPI Open Access J.12, 1\u201318 (2019).
33. Romero, J. P. & Gramkow, C. Economic complexity and greenhouse gas emissions. World Dev. 139, 105317 (2021).
34. Mazzucato, M. The entrepreneurial state. Soundings49, 131\u2013142 (2011).
35. Rodrik, D. Where are we in the economics of industrial policies? Front. Econ. China 14, 329\u2013336 (2019).
36. Balland, P. A., Boschma, R., Crespo, J. & Rigby, D. L. Smart specialization policy in the European Union: relatedness, knowledge complexity and regional diversification. Reg. Stud. 53, 1252\u20131268 (2018).
37. Foray, D., David, P. A. & Hall, B. Smart specialisation\u2013the concept. Knowl. Econ. Policy Brief. 9, 100 (2009).
38. Montresor, S. & Quatraro, F. Green technologies and Smart Specialisation Strategies: a European patentbased analysis of the intertwining of technological relatedness and key enabling technologies. Reg. Stud.54, 1354\u20131365 (2019).
39. Zheng, S., Sun, W., Wu, J. & Kahn, M. E. Urban Agglomeration and Local Economic Growth in China: The Role of New Industrial Parks. Social Science Research Network (SSRN) https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2746711 (2016).
40. Kahn, M. E., Sun, W., Wu, J. & Zheng, S. The Revealed Preference of the Chinese Communist Party Leadership: Investing in Local Economic Development versus Rewarding Social Connections. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/ w24457 (2018).
41. De Waldemar, F. S. & Poncet, S. Product relatedness and firm exports in China. World Bank Econ. Rev. 51, 104\u00d0118 (2013).
42. Rigby, D. L. Technological relatedness and knowledge space: entry and exit of US cities from patent classes. Reg. Stud. 49, 1922\u20131937 (2015).
43. Essletzbichler, J. Relatedness, industrial branching and technological cohesion in US metropolitan areas. Reg. Stud. 49, 752\u2013766 (2015).
44. Balland, P.-A. & Rigby, D. The geography of complex knowledge. Econ. Geogr. 93, 1\u201323 (2017).
45. Fritz, B. S. L. & Manduca, R. A. The economic complexity of US metropolitan areas. Preprint at
arXiv https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1901.08112 (2019).
46. Farinha, T., Balland, P.-A., Morrison, A. & Boschma, R. What drives the geography of jobs in the US? unpacking relatedness. Ind. Innov. 26, 988\u20131022 (2019).
47. Guo, Q. & He, C. Production space and regional industrial evolution in China. GeoJournal 82,
379\u2013396 (2017).
48. He, C. & Zhu, S. Evolutionary Economic Geography in China (Springer Singapore, 2019).
49. Gao, J. & Zhou, T. Quantifying China\u2019s regional economic complexity. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 492, 1591\u20131603 (2018).
50. Gao, J., Jun, B., Pentland, A. \u201cSandy\u201d, Zhou, T. & Hidalgo, C. A. Collective learning in China\u2019s regional economic development. Preprint at arXiv https:\/\/arxiv. org\/abs\/1703.01369 (2017).
51. Chen, Z., Poncet, S. & Xiong, R. Inter-industry relatedness and industrial-policy efficiency: evidence from China\u2019s export processing zones. J. Comp. Econ.45, 809\u2013826 (2017).
52. Ferrarini, B. & Scaramozzino, P. The product space revisited: China\u2019s trade profile. World Econ. 38, 1368\u20131386 (2015).
53. P\u00e9rez Hern\u00e1ndez, C. C., Salazar Hern\u00e1ndez, B. C. & Mendoza Moheno, J. Diagn\u00f3stico de la complejidad econ\u00f3mica del estado de Hidalgo: de las capacidades a las oportunidades. Rev. Mex. Econ. Finanz. 14, 261\u2013277 (2019).
54. Zald\u00edvar, F. G., Molina, E., Flores, M., Zald\u00edvar, M. & de Jes\u00fas G\u00f3mez Zald\u00edvar, M. Economic complexity of the special economic zones in Mexico: opportunities for diversification and industrial sophistication. Ens. Rev. Econ. 38, 1\u201340 (2019).
55. Wang, Y. & Turkina, E. Economic complexity, product space network and Quebec\u2019s global competitiveness. Can. J. Adm. Sci. 37, 334\u2013349 (2019).
56. Lyubimov, I. L., Lysyuk, M. V. & Gvozdeva, M. A. Atlas of economic complexity, Russian regional pages. Vopr. Econ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32609\/0042-8736- 2018-6-71-91 (2018).
57. Lyubimov, I., Gvozdeva, M., Kazakova, M. & Nesterova, K. Economic complexity of Russian regions and their potential to diversify. J. New Econ. Assoc.34, 94\u2013122 (2017).
58. Jara-Figueroa, C., Jun, B., Glaeser, E. L. & Hidalgo, C. A. The role of industry-specific, occupation-specific, and location-specific knowledge in the growth and survival of new firms. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA 115, 12646\u201312653 (2018).
59. Swart, J. & Brinkmann, L. in Universities and Sustainable Communities: Meeting the Goals of
the Agenda 2030 (eds Filho, L., Tortato, U. & Frankenberger, F.) 3\u201345 (Springer, 2020).
60. Dordmond, G., de Oliveira, H. C., Silva, I. R. & Swart, J. The complexity of green job creation: an analysis of green job development in Brazil. Environ. Dev. Sustain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-020-00605-4 (2020).
61. Britto, G., Romero, J., Freitas, E. & Coelho, C. The great divide: economic complexity and development paths in Brazil and South Korea. Blucher Eng. Proc. 3, 1404\u20131425 (2016).
62. Gala, P. Complexidade Economica: Uma Nova Perspectiva Para Entender a Antiga Questao da
Riqueza das Nacoes (Contraponto, 2017).
63. Ferreira-Coimbra, N. & Vaillant, M. Evoluci\u00f3n del espacio de productos exportados:\u00bf est\u00e1 Uruguay en el lugar equivocado? Rev. Econ. 16, 97\u2013146 (2009).
64. Reynolds, C. et al. A sub-national economic complexity analysis of Australia\u2019s states and territories. Reg. Stud.52, 715\u2013726 (2018).
65. Erkan, B. & Yildirimci, E. Economic complexity and export competitiveness: the case of Turkey. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 195, 524\u2013533 (2015).
66. Hartmann, D. in International Innovation Networks and Knowledge Migration (eds Pyka, A., Ku\u015ftepeli, Y. & Hartmann, D.) 53\u201371 (Routledge, 2016).
67. Co\u015fkun, N., Lopcu, K. & Tuncer, \u0130. The economic complexity approach to development policy: where Turkey stands in comparison to OECD plus China? Proc. Middle East Econ. Assoc. 20, 112\u2013124 (2018).
68. Boschma, R., Minondo, A. & Navarro, M. The emergence of new industries at the regional level in Spain: a proximity approach based on product relatedness. Econ. Geogr. 89, 29\u201351 (2013).
69. Cicerone, G., McCann, P. & Venhorst, V. A. Promoting regional growth and innovation: relatedness, revealed comparative advantage and the product space. J. Econ. Geogr. 20, 293\u2013316 (2020).
70. Basile, R., Cicerone, G. & Iapadre, L. Economic complexity and regional labor productivity distribution: evidence from Italy. Rev. Reg. Stud. 47, 201\u2013219 (2019).
71. Innocenti, N. & Lazzeretti, L. Do the creative industries support growth and innovation in the wider economy? Industry relatedness and employment growth in Italy. Ind. Innov. 26, 1152\u20131173 (2019).
72. Innocenti, N. & Lazzeretti, L. Related variety and employment growth in Italy. Sci. Reg. 16, 325\u2013350 (2017).
73. Innocenti, N. & Lazzeretti, L. Growth in regions, knowledge bases and relatedness: some insights from the Italian case. Eur. Plan. Stud. 27, 2034\u20132048 (2019).
74. Gonz\u00e1lez, A., Ortigoza, E., Llamosas, C., Blanco, G. & Amarilla, R. Multi-criteria analysis of economic complexity transition in emerging economies: the case of Paraguay. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. 63, 100617 (2018).
75. Mealy, P. & Coyle, D. To Them That Hath: Economic Complexity and Local Industrial Strategy in the UK(Elsevier, 2019).
76. Bishop, A. & Mateos-Garcia, J. Exploring the link between economic complexity and emergent economic activities. Natl Inst. Econ. Rev. 249, R47\u2013R58 (2019).
77. Maes, P. in Readings in Human\u2013Computer Interaction(eds Baecker, R. M., Grudin, J., Buxton, W. A. S. & Greenberg, S.) 811\u2013821 (Morgan Kaufmann, 1995).
78. Resnick, P. & Varian, H. R. Recommender systems. Commun. ACM 40, 56\u201358 (1997).
79. Romer, P. M. Endogenous technological change. J. Polit. Econ. 98, S71\u2013S102 (1990).
80. Aghion, P. & Howitt, P. A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica 60, 323\u2013351 (1992).
81. Warsh, D. Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery (W.W. Norton & Company, 2007).
82. Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M. & Henderson, R. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Q. J. Econ. 108, 577\u2013598 (1993).
83. Feldman, M. P. & Florida, R. The geographic sources of innovation: technological infrastructure and product innovation in the United States. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr.84, 210\u2013229 (1994).
84. Audretsch, D. B. & Feldman, M. P. in Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics Vol. 4 Ch. 61 (eds Henderson, J. V. & Thisse, J.-F.) 2713\u20132739 (Elsevier, 2004).
85. Audretsch, D. B. & Feldman, M. P. R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. Am. Econ. Rev. 86, 630\u2013640 (1996).
86. Boschma, R. Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment. Reg. Stud. 39, 61\u201374 (2005).
87. Breschi, S., Lissoni, F. & Malerba, F. Knowledgerelatedness in firm technological diversification. Res. Policy 32, 69\u201387 (2003).
88. Breschi, S. & Lissoni, F. Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: an anatomy of localized knowledge flows. J. Econ. Geogr. 9, 439\u2013468 (2009).
89. Breschi, S. & Lissoni, F. in Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology Research (eds Moed, H. F., Gl\u00e4nzel, W. & Schmoch, U.) 613\u2013643 (Springer, 2004).
90. Singh, J. Collaborative networks as determinants of knowledge diffusion patterns. Manag. Sci. 51, 756\u2013770 (2005).
91. Collins, H. Tacit and Explicit Knowledge (Univ. Chicago Press, 2010).
92. Collins, H. M. The TEA set: tacit knowledge and scientific networks. Sci. Stud. 4, 165\u2013185 (1974).
93. Hidalgo, C. Why Information Grows: The Evolution of Order, from Atoms to Economies (Basic Books, 2015).
94. Florida, R. The world is spiky. Atlantic Mon. 296, 48\u201351 (2005).
95. Balland, P.-A. et al. Complex economic activities concentrate in large cities. Nat. Hum. Behav. 4, 248\u2013254 (2020).
96. Weaver, W. Science and complexity. Am. Sci. 36, 536\u2013544 (1948).
97. Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. A. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Adm. Sci. Q. 35, 128\u2013152 (1990).
98. Ellison, G. & Glaeser, E. L. Geographic concentration in US manufacturing industries: a dartboard approach. J. Polit. Econ. 105, 889\u2013927 (1997).
99. Almeida, P. & Kogut, B. Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Manag. Sci. 45, 905\u2013917 (1999).
100. Bellet, M., Colletis, G. & Lung, Y. \u00c9conomie de proximit\u00e9s. Rev. Econ. Reg. Urbaine 3, 357\u2013608 (1993).
101. Carrincazeaux, C., Lung, Y. & Vicente, J. The scientific trajectory of the French school of proximity: interactionand institution-based approaches to regional innovation systems. Eur. Plan. Stud. 16, 617\u2013628 (2008).
102. Rallet, A. & Torre, A. Proximit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique ou proximit\u00e9 organisationnelle? Une analyse spatiale des coop\u00e9rations technologiques dans les r\u00e9seaux localis\u00e9s d\u2019innovation, 54, 147\u2013171 (HAL INRAE, 2001).
103. Glaeser, E. L., Kallal, H. D., Scheinkman, J. A. & Shleifer, A. Growth in cities. J. Polit. Econ. 100, 1126\u20131152 (1992).
104. Frenken, K., Oort, F. V. & Verburg, T. Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Reg. Stud. 41, 685\u2013697 (2007).
105. Ellison, G. & Glaeser, E. L. The geographic concentration of industry: does natural advantage explain agglomeration? Am. Econ. Rev. 89, 311\u2013316 (1999).
106. Saviotti, P. P. & Frenken, K. Export variety and the economic performance of countries. J. Evol. Econ. 18, 201\u2013218 (2008).
107. Boschma, R. & Frenken, K. in Beyond Territory. Dynamic Geographies of Knowledge Creation, Diffusion and Innovation (eds Bathelt, H., Feldman, M. & Kogler, D.) 64\u201368 (Routledge, 2012).
108. Porter, M. E. Clusters and the New Economics of Competition (Harvard Business Review, 1998).
109. Porter, M. E. The Competitive Advantage of Nations(Simon and Shuster, 1990).
110. Shutters, S. T., Muneepeerakul, R. & Lobo, J. Constrained pathways to a creative urban economy. Urban Stud. 53, 3439\u20133454 (2016).
111. Knuepling, L. & Broekel, T. Does relatedness drive the diversification of countries\u2019 success in sports? Eur. Sport Manag. Q. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16184742. 2020.1770830 (2020).
112. Klement, B. & Strambach, S. How do new music genres emerge? Diversification processes in symbolic knowledge bases. Reg. Stud. 53, 1447\u20131458 (2019).
113. Dosi, G. in Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior (eds Naki\u0107enovi\u0107, N. & Gr\u00fcbler, A.)
179\u2013208 (Springer, 1991).
114. Dosi, G., Freeman, C., Nelson, R., Silverberg, G. & Soete, L. (eds) Technical Change and Economic Theory(Pinter Publishers, 1988).
115. Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. G. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982).
116. Fleming, L. & Sorenson, O. Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data. Res. Policy30, 1019\u20131039 (2001).
117. Archibugi, D. & Coco, A. A new indicator of technological capabilities for developed and developing countries (ArCo). World Dev. 32, 629\u2013654 (2004).
118. Lall, S. Indicators of the relative importance of IPRs in developing countries. Res. Policy 32, 1657\u20131680 (2003).
119. Desai, M., Fukuda-Parr, S., Johansson, C. & Sagasti, F. Measuring the technology achievement of nations and the capacity to participate in the network age. J. Hum. Dev. 3, 95\u2013122 (2002).
120. Hausmann, R., Hwang, J. & Rodrik, D. What you export matters. J. Econ. Growth 12, 1\u201325 (2007).
121. Tacchella, A., Cristelli, M., Caldarelli, G., Gabrielli, A. & Pietronero, L. A new metrics for countries\u2019 fitness and products\u2019 complexity. Sci. Rep. 2, srep00723 (2012).
122. Cristelli, M., Gabrielli, A., Tacchella, A., Caldarelli, G. & Pietronero, L. Measuring the intangibles: a metrics for the economic complexity of countries and products. PLoS ONE 8, e70726 (2013).
123. Ivanova, I., Strand, \u00d8., Kushnir, D. & Leydesdorff, L. Economic and technological complexity: a model study of indicators of knowledge-based innovation systems. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 120, 77\u201389 (2017).
124. Ivanova, I., Smorodinskaya, N. & Leydesdorff, L. On measuring complexity in a post-industrial economy: The ecosystem\u2019s approach. Qual. Quantity 54, 197\u2013212 (2020).
125. AlQurtas, A. M. A New Indicator of Economic Complexity to Guide Industrial Policies(George Washington University, 2018).
126. Xu, M. & Lybbert, T. J. Innovation-adjusted Economic Complexity and Growth: Does Product-Specific Patenting Reveal Enhanced Economic Capabilities?(University of California, 2019).
127. Petralia, S., Balland, P.-A. & Morrison, A. Climbing the ladder of technological development. Res. Policy 46, 956\u2013969 (2017).
128. Wohl, I. The Method of Reflections and US Occupational Employment (U.S. International Trade Commission, 2020).
129. Ferraz, D., Moralles, H. F., Campoli, J. S., de Oliveira, F. C. R. & Rebelatto, D. A. Economic complexity and human development: DEA performance measurement in Asia and Latin America. Gest\u00e3o Produ\u00e7\u00e3o 25, 839\u2013853 (2018).
130. Lapatinas, A. Economic complexity and human development: a note. Econ. Bull. 36, 1441\u20131452 (2016).
131. Neagu, O. The link between economic complexity and carbon emissions in the European Union countries: a model based on the environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) approach. Sustainability 11, 4753 (2019).
132. Simoes, A. J. G. & Hidalgo, C. A. in Workshops at the Twenty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence(MIT Media Lab, 2011).
133. Bahar, D., Rosenow, S., Stein, E. & Wagner, R. Export take-offs and acceleration: Unpacking crosssector linkages in the evolution of comparative advantage. World Dev. 117, 48\u201360 (2019).
134. Jun, B., Alshamsi, A., Gao, J. & Hidalgo, C. A. Bilateral relatedness: knowledge diffusion and the evolution of bilateral trade. J. Evol. Econ. 30, 247\u2013277 (2019).
135. Boschma, R. & Capone, G. Institutions and diversification: Related versus unrelated diversification in a varieties of capitalism framework. Res. Policy 44, 1902\u20131914 (2015).
136. Zhu, S., He, C. & Zhou, Y. How to jump further and catch up? Path-breaking in an uneven industry space. J. Econ. Geogr. 17, 521\u2013545 (2017).
137. Huang, Y. & Zhu, S. Regional industrial dynamics under the environmental pressures in China. J. Clean. Prod. 265, 121917 (2020).
138. Diodato, D., Neffke, F. & O\u2019Clery, N. Why do industries coagglomerate? How Marshallian externalities differ by industry and have evolved over time. J. Urban Econ.106, 1\u201326 (2018).
139. Pugliese, E. et al. Unfolding the innovation system for the development of countries: coevolution of Science, Technology and Production. Sci. Rep. 9, 16440 (2019).
140. Catal\u00e1n, P., Navarrete, C. & Figueroa, F. The scientific and technological cross-space: is technological diversification driven by scientific endogenous capacity? Res. Policy https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol. 2020.104016 (2020).
141. Neffke, F. M., Otto, A. & Hidalgo, C. The mobility of displaced workers: How the local industry mix affects job search. J. Urban Econ. 108, 124\u2013140 (2018).
142. Delgado, M., Porter, M. E. & Stern, S. Clusters, convergence, and economic performance. Res. Policy43, 1785\u20131799 (2014).
143. Hamwey, R., Pacini, H. & Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, L. Mapping green product spaces of nations. J. Environ. Dev. 22, 155\u2013168 (2013).
144. Mealy, P. & Teytelboym, A. Economic complexity and the green economy. Res. Policy https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1016\/j.respol.2020.103948 (2017).
145. Huberty, M. & Zachmann, G. Green Exports and the Global Product Space: Prospects for EU Industrial Policy (Bruegel, 2011).
146. Fraccascia, L., Giannoccaro, I. & Albino, V. Green product development: what does the country product space imply? J. Clean. Prod. 170, 1076\u20131088 (2018).
147. Perruchas, F., Consoli, D. & Barbieri, N. Specialisation, diversification and the ladder of green technology development. Res. Policy 49, 103922 (2020).
148. Delgado, M., Porter, M. E. & Stern, S. Clusters and entrepreneurship. J. Econ. Geogr. 10, 495\u2013518 (2010).
149. Alshamsi, A., Pinheiro, F. L. & Hidalgo, C. A. Optimal diversification strategies in the networks of related products and of related research areas. Nat. Commun.9, 1328 (2018).
150. Marrocu, E., Paci, R., Rigby, D. & Usai, S. Smart Specialization Strategy: Any Relatedness Between Theory and Practice? (University of Cagliari and University of Sassari, 2020).
151. Uhlbach, W.-H., Balland, P.-A. & Scherngell, T. R&D Policy and Technological Trajectories of Regions: Evidence from the EU Framework Programmes(Bruegel, 2017).
152. Lee, K.-K. & Vu, T. V. Economic complexity, human capital and income inequality: a cross-country analysis. Jpn. Econ. Rev. 71, 695\u2013718 (2019).
153. Ben Sa\u00e2d, M. & Assoumou-Ella, G. Economic complexity and gender inequality in education: an empirical study. Econ. Bull. 39, 321\u2013334 (2019).
154. Barza, R., Jara-Figueroa, C., Hidalgo, C. & Viarengo, M. Knowledge Intensity and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Linked Employer\u2013Employee Data(University of Munich, 2020).
155. Le Caous, E. & Huarng, F. Economic complexity and the mediating effects of income inequality: reaching sustainable development in developing countries. Sustainability 12, 2089 (2020).
156. G\u00fcneri, B. & Yalta, A. Y. Does economic complexity reduce output volatility in developing countries? Bull. Econ. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/boer.12257(2020).
157. Sweet, C. & Eterovic, D. Do patent rights matter? 40 years of innovation, complexity and productivity. World Dev. 115, 78\u201393 (2019).
158. Vu, T. V. Economic complexity and health outcomes: a global perspective. Soc. Sci. Med. 265, 113480 (2020).
159. Lapatinas, A., Kyriakou, A. & Garas, A. Taxation and economic sophistication: evidence from OECD countries. PLoS ONE 14, e0213498 (2019).
160. Sweet, C. M. & Eterovic Maggio, D. S. Do stronger intellectual property rights increase innovation? World Dev. 66, 665\u2013677 (2015).
161. Vu, T. V. Does Institutional Quality Foster Economic Complexity? (University of Otago, 2019).
162. Bahar, D., Rapoport, H. & Turati, R. Birthplace diversity and econoimc complexity: Cross-country evidence. Res. Policy https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j. respol.2020.103991 (2020).
163. Vu, T. V. Does LGBT Inclusion Promote National Innovative Capacity? Social Science Research Network (SSRN) https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=3523553(2020).
164. Lapatinas, A. The effect of the Internet on economic sophistication: An empirical analysis. Econ. Lett. 174, 35\u201338 (2019).
165. Demir, F. IMF Conditionality, Trade Structure and Economic Complexity: What Did Structural Adjustment Programs Really Adjust? (University of Oklahoma, 2019).
166. Bustos, S., Gomez, C., Hausmann, R. & Hidalgo, C. A. The dynamics of nestedness predicts the evolution of industrial ecosystems. PLoS ONE 7, e49393 (2012).
167. Bahar, D., Hausmann, R. & Hidalgo, C. A. Neighbors and the evolution of the comparative advantage of nations: evidence of international knowledge diffusion? J. Int. Econ. 92, 111\u2013123 (2014).
168. Boschma, R., Eriksson, R. & Lindgren, U. How does labour mobility affect the performance of plants? The importance of relatedness and geographical proximity. J. Econ. Geogr. 9, 169\u2013190 (2009).
169. Cs\u00e1fordi, Z., L\u0151rincz, L., Lengyel, B. & Kiss, K. M. Productivity spillovers through labor flows: Productivity gap, multinational experience and industry relatedness. J. Technol. Transf. 45, 86\u2013121 (2018).
170. B\u00f6rner, K. et al. Design and update of a classification system: The UCSD map of science. PLoS ONE 7, e39464 (2012).
171. Pinheiro, F. L., Alshamsi, A., Hartmann, D., Boschma, R. & Hidalgo, C. A. Shooting high or low: do countries benefit from entering unrelated activities? Preprint at arXiv https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1801.05352(2018).
172. Arvis, J.-F. How Many Dimensions do we Trade in? Product Space Geometry and Latent Comparative Advantage (The World Bank, 2013).
173. Utkovski, Z., Pradier, M. F., Stojkoski, V., Perez-Cruz, F. & Kocarev, L. Economic complexity unfolded: interpretable model for the productive structure of economies. PLoS ONE 13, e0200822 (2018).
174. Che, N. Intelligent Export Diversification: an Export Recommendation System with Machine Learning(International Monetary Fund, 2020).
175. Hill, M. O. Reciprocal averaging: an eigenvector method of ordination. J. Ecol. 61, 237\u2013249 (1973).
176. Mealy, P., Farmer, J. D. & Teytelboym, A. Interpreting economic complexity. Sci. Adv. 5, eaau1705 (2019).
177. Caldarelli, G. et al. A network analysis of countries\u2019 export flows: firm grounds for the building blocks of the economy. PLoS ONE 7, e47278 (2012).
178. Felipe, J., Kumar, U., Abdon, A. & Bacate, M. Product complexity and economic development. Struct. Change Econ. Dyn. 23, 36\u201368 (2012).
179. Lizardo, O. The mutual specification of genres and audiences: Reflective two-mode centralities in person-to-culture data. Poetics 68, 52\u201371 (2018).
180. Page, L., Brin, S., Motwani, R. & Winograd, T. The Pagerank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web (Stanford InfoLab, 1999).
181. Servedio, V. D., Butt\u00e0, P., Mazzilli, D., Tacchella, A. & Pietronero, L. A new and stable estimation method of country economic fitness and product complexity. Entropy 20, 783 (2018).
182. Ellison, G., Glaeser, E. L. & Kerr, W. R. What causes industry agglomeration? evidence from coagglomeration patterns. Am. Econ. Rev. 100, 1195\u20131213 (2010).
183. Boschma, R., Heimeriks, G. & Balland, P.-A. Scientific knowledge dynamics and relatedness in biotech cities. Res. Policy 43, 107\u2013114 (2014).
184. Morales, E., Sheu, G. & Zahler, A. Gravity and Extended Gravity: Estimating a Structural Model of Export Entry(University Library of Munich, 2011).
185. Chaney, T. The network structure of international trade. Am. Econ. Rev. 104, 3600\u20133634 (2014).
186. Cortinovis, N., Xiao, J., Boschma, R. & van Oort, F. G. Quality of government and social capital as drivers of regional diversification in Europe. J. Econ. Geogr. 17, 1179\u20131208 (2017).
187. Neffke, F. M., Otto, A. & Weyh, A. Inter-industry labor flows. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 142, 275\u2013292 (2017).
188. Hausmann, R. & Neffke, F. M. H. The workforce of pioneer plants: the role of worker mobility in the diffusion of industries. Res. Policy 48, 628\u2013648 (2019).
189. Borggren, J., Eriksson, R. H. & Lindgren, U. Knowledge flows in high-impact firms: How does relatedness influence survival, acquisition and exit? J. Econ. Geogr. 16, 637\u2013665 (2016).
190. Diodato, D. & Weterings, A. B. The resilience of regional labour markets to economic shocks: Exploring the role of interactions among firms and workers. J. Econ. Geogr.15, 723\u2013742 (2015).
191. Miguelez, E. & Moreno, R. Relatedness, external linkages and regional innovation in Europe. Reg. Stud.52, 688\u2013701 (2018).
192. Kekezi, O. & Boschma, A. R. Returns to Migration After Job Loss \u2013 The Importance of Job Match(Utrecht University, 2020).
193. Nedelkoska, L., Neffke, F. & Wiederhold, S. in Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association(American Economic Association, 2015).
194. Santoalha, A. & Boschma, R. Diversifying in green technologies in European regions: does political support matter? Reg. Stud. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/ 00343404.2020.1744122 (2020).
195. Adam, A., Garas, A. & Lapatinas, A. Economic Complexity and Jobs: An Empirical Analysis(University Library of Munich, 2019).
196. Cristelli, M., Tacchella, A. & Pietronero, L. The heterogeneous dynamics of economic complexity. PLoS ONE 10, e0117174 (2015).
197. Balsalobre, S. J. P., Verduras, C. L. & Lanchas, J. D. Measuring the Economic Complexity at the SubNational Level Using International and Interregional Trade (Autonomous University of Madrid, 2017).
198. Zhu, S. & Li, R. Economic complexity, human capital and economic growth: empirical research based on cross-country panel data. Appl. Econ. 49, 3815\u20133828 (2017).
199. Coniglio, N. D., Lagravinese, R. & Vurchio, D. Production sophisticatedness and growth: evidence from Italian provinces before and during the crisis, 1997\u20132013. Camb. J. Reg. Econ. Soc. 9, 423\u2013442 (2016).
200. Lo Turco, A. & Maggioni, D. The knowledge and skill content of production complexity. Res. Policyhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2020.104059(2020).
201. Buccellato, T. & Cor\u00f2, G. in Capitalism, Global Change and Sustainable Development (ed. Paganetto, L.) 149\u2013167 (Springer International Publishing, 2020)
202. Kuznets, S. Economic growth and income inequality. Am. Econ. Rev. 45, 1\u201328 (1955).
203. Chu, L. K. & Hoang, D. P. How does economic complexity influence income inequality? New evidence from international data. Econ. Anal. Policy 68, 44\u201357 (2020).
204. Dong, Z., Chen, W. & Wang, S. Emission reduction target, complexity and industrial performance. J. Environ. Manag. 260, 110148 (2020).
205. Chu, L. K. Economic structure and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: new evidence from economic complexity. Appl. Econ. Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1080\/13504851.2020.1767280 (2020).
206. Do\u011fan, B., Saboori, B. & Can, M. Does economic complexity matter for environmental degradation? An empirical analysis for different stages of development. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26, 31900\u201331912 (2019).
207. G\u00fcneri, B. Economic complexity and economic performance. Res. Policy https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/ j.respol.2020.103948 (2020).
208. Hausmann, R. & Hidalgo, C. A. The network structure of economic output. J. Econ. Growth 16, 309\u2013342 (2011).
209. Weitzman, M. L. Recombinant growth. Q. J. Econ.113, 331\u2013360 (1998).
210. Fink, T. M. A., Reeves, M., Palma, R. & Farr, R. S. Serendipity and strategy in rapid innovation. Nat. Commun. 8, 2002 (2017).
211. Hidalgo, C. A. Economic complexity: from useless to keystone. Nat. Phys. 14, 9\u201310 (2018).
212. Gomez-Lievano, A., Patterson-Lomba, O. & Hausmann, R. Explaining the prevalence, scaling and variance of urban phenomena. Nat. Hum. Behav. 1, 0012 (2018).
213. Bettencourt, L. M. A., Lobo, J., Helbing, D., K\u00fchnert, C. & West, G. B. Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 7301\u20137306 (2007).
214. Waniek, M., Elbassioni, K., Pinheiro, F. L., Hidalgo, C. A. & Alshamsi, A. Computational aspects of optimal strategic network diffusion. Theor. Comput. Sci. 814, 153\u2013168 (2020).
215. Lee, K. & Ki, J. Rise of latecomers and catch-up cycles in the world steel industry. Res. Policy 46, 365\u2013375 (2017).
216. Lee, K. & Malerba, F. Catch-up cycles and changes in industrial leadership: Windows of opportunity and responses of firms and countries in the evolution of sectoral systems. Res. Policy 46, 338\u2013351 (2017).
217. Arthur, W. B. Positive feedbacks in the economy. Sci. Am. 262, 92\u201399 (1990).
218. Antonietti, R. & Franco, C. From FDI to economic complexity: a panel Granger causality analysis. Struct. Chang. Econ. Dyn. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/ j.strueco.2020.11.001 (2020).
219. Khan, H., Khan, U. & Khan, M. A. Causal nexus between economic complexity and FDI: empirical evidence from time series analysis. Chinese Econ. 53, 374\u2013394 (2020).
220. Ozsoy, S., Fazlioglu, B. & Esen, S. Do FDI and patents drive sophistication of exports? A panel data approach. Prague Econ. Pap. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18267\/j.pep.755(2020).
221. Hamilton, A. Report on Manufactures (Good Press, 1791).
222. Tinits, P. & Sobchuk, O. Open-ended cumulative cultural evolution of Hollywood film crews. Evol. Hum. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ehs.2020.21(2020).
223. Yu, A. Z., Ronen, S., Hu, K., Lu, T. & Hidalgo, C. A. Pantheon 1.0, a manually verified dataset of globally famous biographies. Sci. Data 3, 1\u201316 (2016).
224. Ronen, S. et al. Links that speak: the global language network and its association with global fame. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, E5616\u2013E5622 (2014).
225. Hidalgo, C. A. The Dynamics of Economic Complexity and the Product Space Over a 42 Year Period(Harvard University, 2009).
226. Kuusk, K. & Martynovich, M. Dynamic nature of relatedness, or what kind of related variety for longterm regional growth. Tijdschr. Econ. Soc. Geogr.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tesg.12427 (2020).
227. Juh\u00e1sz, S., Broekel, T. & Boschma, R. Explaining the dynamics of relatedness: the role of co\u2010location and complexity. Pap. Reg. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ pirs.12567 (2020).
228. Hidalgo, C. A., Casta\u00f1er, E. & Sevtsuk, A. The amenity mix of urban neighborhoods. Habitat Int. 106, 102205 (2020).
229. Koch, P. Economic complexity and growth: can valueadded exports better explain the link?. Econ. Lett.198, 109682 (2021).<\/p>\n

\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b49\u4f60\u52a0\u5165<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u975e\u5747\u8861\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u718a\u5f7c\u7279\u3001\u51e1\u52c3\u4f26\u3001\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u3001\u6c99\u514b\u5c14\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5e78\u8d76\u4e0a\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u53ec\u5524\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5fd7\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u8005\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u63a8\u8fdb\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002
 
\u4ece\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5e2d\u5377\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u957f\u671f\u5173\u6ce8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u5f00\u4e00\u6247\u901a\u5411\u672a\u6765\u4e4b\u95e8\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b64\u6b21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u6b64\u666e\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002
 
\u6211\u4eec\u6b22\u8fce\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u540c\u5b66\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u9650\u4e13\u4e1a\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u7279\u522b\u6b22\u8fce\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u4ea4\u6d41\u4ee5\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u4e13\u8457\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u8bba\u6587\u9605\u8bfb\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7f3a\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4f46\u5174\u8da3\u7279\u522b\u6d53\u539a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b22\u8fce\u62a5\u540d\u3002
 
\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a1\u6708\u5e95-6\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e8c\u665a20:00-22:00\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u7ea615\u671f
\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u95ed\u95e8\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1b\u6536\u8d39-\u9000\u6b3e\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u8ba4\u9886\u89e3\u8bfb\u8bba\u6587
\u8d39\u7528\uff1a299\u5143\/\u4eba\uff08\u53ef\u770b\u5f55\u64ad\uff09
 

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u626b\u7801\u586b\u5199\u62a5\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u586b\u5199\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8d2d\u4e70\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1299\u5143\u3002\uff08\u8d2d\u8bfe\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u9000\u8d39\u6761\u4ef6\u540e\u53ef\u9000\u8d39\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\uff0c\u62c9\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7fa4\uff08\u9700\u9075\u5b88\u7fa4\u89c4\uff09\u3002 
 
\u8be6\u60c5\u53ca\u62a5\u540d\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u62db\u52df\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7d22\u975e\u5747\u8861\u7684\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>
 
\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5b89\u6392\u8868\uff1a
 
<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u505a\u51fa\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/a>C\u00e9sar Hidalgo\uff1a\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u589e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/a>Nature\u901a\u8baf\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u591a\u6837\u6027\u8861\u91cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73<\/a>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5224\u65ad\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b<\/a>
\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u5747\u8861\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u5728 Nature Reviews Physics \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u300c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u5411\u3002 \u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005C\u00e9sar A. Hidalgo\u662f\u56fe\u5362…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24531,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24598"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24598"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24598\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24598"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=24598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}