{"id":24825,"date":"2021-03-25T22:17:59","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T14:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24825"},"modified":"2021-03-25T22:17:59","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T14:17:59","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e9%81%97%e4%bc%a0%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24825","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5 | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5 Genetic Algorithms \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u201c\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u5178\u89c2\u70b9\u3002R.A. \u8d39\u820d\u5c14 \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6570\u7406\u9057\u4f20\u5b66 Mathematical Genetics \uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\uff08Fisher\uff0c1958\uff09\u3002\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \u4e00\u7ec4\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fFisher\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9 Natural Selection\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u641c\u7d22\u53ef\u80fd\u4e2a\u4f53\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u5373\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u81ea\u7136\u79cd\u7fa4\u4ec5\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7ec4\u6210\u65f6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u4f53\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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    \u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u662fFisher\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6cdb\u5316\u540e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7248\u672c(Holland J, 1995)\uff0c\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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      \u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6cdb\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7528\u5404\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u52a0\u548c\u6765\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6cdb\u5316\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u50cf\u4ea4\u53c9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u5b50\u3002\u4ea4\u53c9\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u914d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u53d8\u5f02\u64cd\u4f5c\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4ea4\u53c9\u662f\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6df7\u5408\u4e86\u4eb2\u4ee3\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u4ea4\u53c9\u8fd8\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u6742\u4ea4\u80b2\u79cd\u6765\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u826f\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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      \u4ea4\u53c9\u7b97\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5355\u70b9\u4ea4\u53c9\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u4e24\u6761\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u5bf9\u9f50\u6392\u5217\u597d\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e24\u6761\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u4ece\u8be5\u70b9\u8d77\u76f4\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u540e\u4ee3\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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      \u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u64cd\u4f5c\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5355\u70b9\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u8ddd\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u8ddd\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u5219\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u67091001\u4e2a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u67091\/1001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u5806\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u5206\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u5934\u5c3e\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5219\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u53eb\u505a \u8fde\u9501 linkage\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u7531\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u72b6\u5728\u540e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u8fde\u9501\u73b0\u8c61\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5355\u70b9\u4ea4\u53c9\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u57fa\u56e0\u6d4b\u5e8f\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8eDNA\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u57281944\u5e74\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u7814\u7a76\u6240 Carnegie Institution of Washington \u5c31\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u672c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u679c\u8747\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u624b\u518c(Lindsley & Grell, 1944)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u5217\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u4ee3\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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      1. \n

        \u4ece\u6709 N \u4e2a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u4e32\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u6700\u521d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        \u968f\u673a\u4ece\u5f53\u4ee3\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        \u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u53c9\u7b97\u5b50\uff08\u5076\u5c14\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u53d8\u5f02\u7b97\u5b50\uff09\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7fa4\u4f53<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      4. \n

        \u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4\uff082\uff09\u548c\uff083\uff09N\/2\u6b21\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3N\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      5. \n

        \u56de\u5230\u6b65\u9aa4\uff081\uff09\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u4ee3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n


        <\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        \u4ea4\u53c9<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n
        <\/strong>
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u4ea4\u53c9\u7b97\u5b50\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a\u5728\u4eb2\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6781\u5176\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff09\u5728\u540e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e2d\u5730\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4f20\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eb2\u4ee3\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u4e00\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u9057\u4f20\u7740\u5462\uff1f\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u4e00\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\u7684\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u56e2\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406 Schema Theorem \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cdb\u5316\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406\u628a\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u56e2\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7 * \u6765\u8868\u793a\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a1\u548c0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e2\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e4\u4e3a0\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e5\u4e3a0\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u56e2\u5c31\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u6210\u7b26\u53f7\u4e32*1*00**…*\u3002\u7528 N(s,t) \u8868\u793a\u5728\u7b2ct\u4ee3\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u6a21\u5f0fs\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u6570\u76ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u643a\u5e26\u6a21\u5f0fs\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u9884\u671f\u7684\u6570\u76ee N(s,t+1)\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1aN(s,t+1)=u(s,t)[1-e]N(s,t)<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5176\u4e2d u(s,t) \u6307\u5728\u7b2c t \u4ee3\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u6a21\u5f0f s \u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\uff0ce\u6307\u6a21\u5f0fe\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u5f02\u7b97\u5b50\u548c\u4ea4\u53c9\u7b97\u5b50\u7834\u574f\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e2d\u5206\u5e03\u5f88\u5e7f\uff0c\u5373\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5219 e\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u503c\u5f62\u5f0f P(s,t)\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u6570\u7406\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1aP(s,t)=N(s,t)\/N(t) ,\u5176\u4e2dN(t) \u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u7b2c t \u4ee3\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u56e2\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5176\u901f\u7387\u7531\u5b83\u6240\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u9ad8\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4ea4\u53c9\u7b97\u5b50\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u89e3\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5757 building blocks\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u53ea\u5904\u7406 N(t) \u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e32\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u627f\u8f7d\u7684\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a40\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 2*exp(40)~16,000\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u8981\u5904\u7406\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a40\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4e32\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ca\u5176\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
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        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n


        <\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
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        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        \u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n
        <\/strong>
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u89e3\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u3001\u76f8\u52a0\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u89e3(Mitchell, 2009)\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5178\u578b\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u98de\u673a\u5f15\u64ce\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5efa\u6a21\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u6210\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7b26\u53f7\u96c6\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u7b26\u53f7\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u751f\u7269\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u53ea\u7531\u56db\u79cd\u78b1\u57fa\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5230\u590d\u6742\u5b9e\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7b49\u3002\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u4e32\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u968f\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u751f\u6210\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u4e32\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u80fd\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u3001\u4f18\u826f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u7528\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
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        \n
        \n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
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        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n
        <\/strong>
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528python\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6c42\u4e0b\u9762\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u533a\u95f4[0,127]\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u70b9\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4ec5\u4f5c\u6f14\u793a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9075\u5faa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5947\u5947\u602a\u602a\u7684bug\uff0c\u671b\u4f53\u8c05\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        '''<\/span>
        \u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>

        \u672c\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0b\u9762\u51fd\u6570\u503c\u5728\u533a\u95f4[0, 127]\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u503c\u7684x<\/span>

           f(x) = x^2 - 50*x <\/span>

        \u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5f97\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5f53 x=25 \u65f6\uff0cf(x) \u7684\u503c\u6700\u5927<\/span>

        \u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u5019\u9009\u89e3\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7b26<\/span>
        \u4e32\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u7684\u201c\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u201d\u4e0a\u505a\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u4ea4\u53c9\u3001\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>


        :file:    GA.py<\/span>
        :author:  Ricky Zhu<\/span>
        :email:   rickyzhu@foxmail.com<\/span>
        :license: MIT<\/span>
        '''<\/span>

        import<\/span> random<\/span>

        N_bits =<\/span> 8<\/span> # \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6c42f(x)\u5728\u533a\u95f4[0, 127]\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u89818\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279<\/span>

        def<\/span> encode<\/span>(num: int<\/span>) -><\/span> str<\/span>:
            '''<\/span>
            \u628a\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/span>
            \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbenum\u662f\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u533a\u95f4\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/span>
            '''<\/span>
            chrom =<\/span> bin<\/span>(num)[2<\/span>:]
            chrom =<\/span> chrom.<\/span>zfill(N_bits-<\/span>len<\/span>(chrom))
            return<\/span> chrom

        def<\/span> decode<\/span>(gene: str<\/span>) -><\/span> int<\/span>:
            '''<\/span>
            \u628a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u7801\u6210\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/span>
            \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u533a\u95f4\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u3002<\/span>
            '''<\/span>
            return<\/span> int<\/span>(gene, 2<\/span>)

        def<\/span> selection<\/span>(pop: list<\/span>, fitness) -><\/span> (str<\/span>, str<\/span>):
            '''<\/span>
            \u4ece\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/span>
            \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u6309\u7167\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ea\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u6311\u9009\uff0c<\/span>
            \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u628a\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6dd8\u6c70\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/span>
            '''<\/span>
            pop.<\/span>sort(key=<\/span>lambda<\/span> x:fitness(decode(x)))
            return<\/span> random.<\/span>sample(pop[:len<\/span>(pop)\/\/2<\/span>], 2<\/span>)

        def<\/span> crossover<\/span>(chrom1: str<\/span>, chrom2: str<\/span>) -><\/span> (str<\/span>, str<\/span>):
            '''\u5355\u70b9\u4ea4\u53c9'''<\/span>
            point =<\/span> random.<\/span>randint(1<\/span>, len<\/span>(chrom1)-1<\/span>)
            return<\/span> chrom1[:point]+<\/span>chrom2[point:], chrom2[:point]+<\/span>chrom1[point:]

        def<\/span> mutation<\/span>(chrom: str<\/span>, rate=0.05<\/span>) -><\/span> str<\/span>:
            '''\u53d8\u5f02\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u90fd\u6709rate\u7684\u6982\u7387\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff1a\u4ece0\u53d81\uff0c\u4ece1\u53d80'''<\/span>
            for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(len<\/span>(chrom)-1<\/span>):
                if<\/span> random.<\/span>random() <<\/span> rate:
                    if<\/span> chrom[i] ==<\/span> '0'<\/span>:
                        chrom =<\/span> chrom[:i] +<\/span> '1'<\/span> +<\/span> chrom[i+1<\/span>:]
                    else<\/span>:
                        chrom =<\/span> chrom[:i] +<\/span> '0'<\/span> +<\/span> chrom[i+1<\/span>:]
            return<\/span> chrom

        def<\/span> _GA<\/span>(fitness, pop):
            '''\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u65e7\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3'''<\/span>
            new_pop =<\/span> []
            for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(len<\/span>(pop)\/\/2<\/span>):
                par1, par2 =<\/span> selection(pop, fitness)
                kid1, kid2 =<\/span> crossover(par1, par2)
                kid1 =<\/span> mutation(kid1)
                kid2 =<\/span> mutation(kid2)
                new_pop.<\/span>append(kid1)
                new_pop.<\/span>append(kid2)
            return<\/span> new_pop

        def<\/span> GA<\/span>(fitness, pop, runs=100<\/span>):
            '''\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u603b\u6d41\u7a0b'''<\/span>
            for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(runs):
                pop =<\/span> _GA(fitness, pop)
            print<\/span>('finial population:'<\/span>, [decode(i) for<\/span> i in<\/span> pop])
            pop.<\/span>sort(key=<\/span>lambda<\/span> x:fitness(decode(x)))  # \u9009\u51fa\u8868\u73b0\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3<\/span>
            return<\/span> decode(pop[0<\/span>])

        def<\/span> main<\/span>():
            '''\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570'''<\/span>

            # \u5b9a\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
            def<\/span> fitness_func<\/span>(x):        
                return<\/span> x**2<\/span> -<\/span> 50*<\/span>x +<\/span> 100<\/span>

            # \u968f\u673a\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
            init_pop =<\/span> [random.<\/span>randint(0<\/span>, 127<\/span>) for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(10<\/span>)]
            print<\/span>('initial population:'<\/span>, init_pop)

            # \u628a\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/span>
            encoded_init_pop =<\/span> [encode(i) for<\/span> i in<\/span> init_pop]

            solution =<\/span> GA(fitness_func, encoded_init_pop, 1000<\/span>)
            print<\/span>('solution:'<\/span>, solution)


        if<\/span> __name__<\/span> ==<\/span> '__main__'<\/span>:
            main()

        # One run in my machine: <\/span>
        # initial population: [92, 122, 54, 111, 122, 126, 20, 43, 106, 49]<\/span>
        # finial population: [25, 25, 25, 25, 27, 25, 25, 17, 25, 25]<\/span>
        # solution: 25<\/span><\/span>
        <\/pre>\n
        \u5173\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4f7f\u7528pythony\u5b9e\u73b0\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bcd\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
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        <\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n
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        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n
        \u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u62db\u52df<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/section>\n
        <\/strong>
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/p>\n
        \u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u7531 <\/span>Ricky <\/span><\/strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e13\u5c5e\u7b80\u4ecb\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u4e3b\u9875\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875\u3002<\/span>
        <\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n
        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u8fd9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u6709\u5ba1\u6821\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79c9\u6301\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ece\u6211\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5230\u6211\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f16\u64b0\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n
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        <\/p>\n
        \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u53d1\u4e0e\u4f19\u4f34\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u4f7f\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u5185\u5bb9\u5f97\u5230\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u5956\u52b1\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0e\u8d21\u732e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u610f\u53c2\u4e0e\u66f4\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u626b\u63cf\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u586b\u5199\u62a5\u540d\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u4f60\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n
        <\/section>\n
        \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u62a5\u540d\u8868<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/p>\n
        \n
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        \u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1<\/p>\n
        \u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u738b\u5efa\u840d<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n