{"id":24989,"date":"2021-03-28T21:36:45","date_gmt":"2021-03-28T13:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24989"},"modified":"2021-03-28T21:36:45","modified_gmt":"2021-03-28T13:36:45","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e5%85%b0%e9%81%93%e5%b0%94%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%ef%bc%9a%e6%93%a6%e9%99%a4-1-bit-%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%8e%e8%83%bd%e8%80%97-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=24989","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u64e6\u9664 1 bit \u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017 | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406 Landauer’s principle \u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0b\u9650\u7684\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c”\u4efb\u4f55\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u64e6\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u6761\u8ba1\u7b97\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u5176\u73af\u5883\u7684\u975e\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002”\u3002<\/span>
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\u6240\u8c13\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u64e6\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9 \u53ef\u9006\u8ba1\u7b97 reversible computing \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6781\u5927\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u9006\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u52302050\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6bcf\u5355\u4f4d\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5fc5\u987b\u505c\u6b62\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e \u5e93\u7c73\u5b9a\u5f8b Koomey’s law \uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u572820 \u00b0 c (\u5ba4\u6e29\uff0c\u6216293.15 k)\u65f6\uff0c\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u6781\u9650\u8868\u793a\u5927\u7ea60.0175 eV\uff0c\u62162.805 zJ \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u6781\u9650\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d210\u4ebf\u6bd4\u7279(1gbps)\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4ec52.805\u4e07\u4ebf\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u74e6\u7279\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u91cf(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u4ee52.805 pJ\/s \u7684\u901f\u5ea6)\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6bcf\u79d2\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u5176\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u500d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7f57\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u5170\u9053\u5c14 Rolf Landauer\u4e8e1961\u5e74\u5728IBM\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u9648\u8ff0\u4e86\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc John von Neumann\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6781\u9650\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u8fb9\u754c\u6216\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2011\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u5316\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4fe1\u606f\u64e6\u9664\u867d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a \u5b88\u6052\u91cf conserved quantity \uff0c\u5982 \u89d2\u52a8\u91cf angular momentum \u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u57282012\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u91cc\u6602\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821 \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon\u3001\u5965\u683c\u65af\u5821\u5927\u5b66 University of Augsburg\u548c\u51ef\u6cfd\u65af\u52b3\u6ed5\u5927\u5b66 University of Kaiserslautern\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e2\u961f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4f4d\u88ab\u64e6\u9664\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u70ed\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2014\u5e74\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2016\u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u6fc0\u5149\u63a2\u9488\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u78c1\u6027\u4f4d\u4ece\u5173\u5230\u5f00\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8017\u6563\u91cf\u3002\u7ffb\u8f6c\u8be5\u78c1\u6027\u4f4d\u9700\u898126\u6beb\u7535\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\uff084.2\u6cfd\u666e\u7126\u8033\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2018\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29(T = 1K)\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e00\u6392\u9ad8\u81ea\u65cb(S = 10)\u91cf\u5b50 \u5206\u5b50\u78c1\u4f53 molecular magnets \u8fdb\u884c\u7684 \u5170\u9053\u5c14\u64e6\u9664 Landauer erasure \u3002\u8be5\u9635\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u65cb\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7eb3\u7c73\u78c1\u94c1\u90fd\u7f16\u7801\u4e00\u4f4d\u8282\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b second law of thermodynamics \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u540e\u679c–\u8be5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u8d77\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u903b\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u800c\u51cf\u5c11(\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027)\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6784\u6210\u71b5\u7684\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u8865\u507f\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u53ef\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u603b\u6570\u4e0d\u6bd4\u539f\u6765\u5c11(\u5373\u603b\u71b5\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005(\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u672c\u8eab\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u201d)\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86; \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u71b5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6709\u754c\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002(\u5982\u679c \u5168\u606f\u539f\u7406 holographic principle \u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684; \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5168\u606f\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c \u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u7406\u8bba quantum field theory \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \u8d1d\u80af\u65af\u5766\u7ea6\u675f Bekenstein bound \uff0c\u534a\u5f84\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u71b5\u6700\u7ec8\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u64e6\u9664\u5355\u4f4d\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u6781\u9650\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c k<\/span>B<\/span>\u662f \u6ce2\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5e38\u6570 Boltzmann constant (\u5927\u7ea61.38 \u00d7 10^ <-23> J\/K) \uff0cT \u662f\u6563\u70ed\u5668\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u800cln 2\u662f2\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5bf9\u6570(\u5927\u7ea60.69315)\u3002\u8bbe T \u4e3a\u5ba4\u6e2920 \u00b0 c (293.15 k)\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u64e6\u9664\u5355\u4f4d\u4fe1\u606f0.0175 eV (2.805 zJ)\u7684\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3aT\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u71b5\u91cf\u4e3aS\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u73af\u5883\u653e\u51fa\u80fd\u91cfE=ST\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e22\u59311\u4f4d\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71b5\u91cf\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3ak<\/span>B<\/span>ln\u202f2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u73af\u5883\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3aE\u2265kBT ln\u202f2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528 \u5faa\u73af\u63a8\u7406 circular reasoning \u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5047\u8bbe\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5384\u5c14\u66fc Earman\u548c\u8bfa\u987f Norton (1998\u5e74) \uff0c\u662f\u7533\u514b shenker (2000\u5e74) \u548cNorton (2004\u5e74 2011\u5e74) \uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d1d\u5185\u7279 bennett (2003\u5e74)\uff0c\u7ea6\u65e6 Ladyman\uff082007\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u9a6c\u5c3c\u574e\u8fbe Manikandan (2019\u5e74)\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5148\u9a8c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3002\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u597d\u5904\u6781\u5176\u5fae\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2016\u5e74\uff0c\u4f69\u9c81\u8d3e\u5927\u5b66 University of Perugia\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u58f0\u79f0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u62c9\u65af\u6d1b\u00b7\u57fa\u4ec0 Laszlo Kish (2016) \uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u8017\u6563\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u5165\u7535\u6781\u7535\u5bb9\u7684\u5145\u7535\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6ce8\u660e\u77e5\u4e4e\u7b54\u4e3bYJango\u5728\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e0a\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u5728B\u7ad9\u4e5f\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u89c2\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/search?type=content&q=Landauer%27s%20principle<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5317\u4eac\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5b59\u660c\u749e\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5168\u6d77\u6d9b\u8001\u5e08\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6781\u9650\u300b<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.wuli.ac.cn\/fileup\/PDF\/2013-42-11-001.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u8fd9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u6709\u5ba1\u6821\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79c9\u6301\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ece\u6211\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5230\u6211\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f16\u64b0\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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