{"id":25142,"date":"2021-03-30T21:16:51","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T13:16:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=25142"},"modified":"2021-03-30T21:16:51","modified_gmt":"2021-03-30T13:16:51","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%89%a7%e6%9c%ac%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e8%83%bd%e4%bb%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e9%80%82%e5%ba%94%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e5%ad%a6%e5%88%b0%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=25142","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5267\u672c\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/p>\n

\u56fe3. \u5927\u7ea6\u57286500\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u74031\u4ebf\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6050\u9f99\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6050\u9f99\u706d\u7edd\u76ee\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u9897\u76f4\u5f84\u957f\u7ea610\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u649e\u5728\u4e86\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5c24\u5361\u5766\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5730\u7403\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u751f\u7269\u5927\u706d\u7edd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6050\u9f99\u706d\u7edd\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u5f57\u661f\u60b2\u5267\u4e2d\u7684\u8d62\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u6050\u9f99\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u578b\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u6e38\u6cf3\u3001\u6500\u722c\u548c\u6316\u6d1e\u3002\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5927\u7ea6\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e8\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u592a\u9633\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u4ece\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5438\u5165\u6c27\u6c14\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u5316\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u53ef\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u7ed9\u52a8\u7269\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u673a\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u50cf\u690d\u7269\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u7cfb\u4ee5\u5438\u6536\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u7684\u517b\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ef4\u6301\u5927\u8111\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u51b7\u8840\u6d77\u7ef5\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u6c34\u6bcd\u3001\u6241\u866b\u548c\u86d4\u866b\u3001\u9c7c\u7c7b\u548c\u722c\u884c\u52a8\u7269\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u738b\u56fd\u51e0\u4ebf\u5e74\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u4f53\u6e29\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u6652\u592a\u9633\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8eba\u5728\u6eda\u70eb\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e0a\u53d6\u6696\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u6d88\u5931\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u653e\u6162\u884c\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u86c7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51b7\u8840\u52a8\u7269\u4ec5\u9700\u6bcf\u9694\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u6216\u4e00\u5e74\u8fdb\u98df\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe4. \u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u7acb\u6d77\u6d0b\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4ece\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u73af\u6d41\u533a\u7684\u6df1\u6d77\u5e73\u539f74.5\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u6837\u672c\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0b3700~5700\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u60ca\u4eba\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u6d77\u5e95\u4e0b\u9762\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u53ef\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u8fbe1.015\u4ebf\u5e74\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u4e8e2020\u5e747\u670828\u65e5\u520a\u767b\u4e8e\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u901a\u8baf\u300b\u3002\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u7acb\u6d77\u6d0b\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5927\u7ea6\u57282.5\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d[1]\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u76f8\u5bf9\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u6052\u6e29\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u4f53\u6e29\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5185\u7a33\u6001<\/strong><\/span>\uff08homeostasis\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u539f\u59cb\u6548\u7387\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6362\u53d6\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u6052\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6052\u6e29\u52a8\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c5\u98df\u3001\u81ea\u536b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u51b7\u8840\u52a8\u7269\u5219\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6e29\u6216\u9ad8\u6e29\u6240\u56f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u767d\u5929\u9ed1\u591c\u8fd8\u662f\u6625\u590f\u79cb\u51ac\uff0c\u6052\u6e29\u52a8\u7269\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u4f53\u6e29\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6052\u6e29\u52a8\u7269\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u51b7\u8840\u52a8\u7269\u5403\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4f53\u6e29\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u8db3\u591f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u8fdb\u98df\u540e\u8840\u7cd6\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u6216\u672a\u8fdb\u98df\u671f\u95f4\u8840\u7cd6\u8fc7\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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3. \u5730\u7403\u53ca\u5176\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u6301\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4f53\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u201c\u7194\u65ad\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08circuit-breaker\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u5373\u4e3a\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u80a1\u5e02\u5d29\u76d8\u62d6\u57ae\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e4b\u524d\u963b\u6b62\u80a1\u5e02\u66b4\u8dcc\u30021987\u5e7410\u670819\u65e5\u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u201d\u5d29\u76d8\u540e\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u7194\u65ad\u673a\u5236\u201d\u3002\u5728COVID-19 \u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5d29\u6e83\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7194\u65ad\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u78b3\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u808c\u8089\u98a4\u6296\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c57\u6c34\u5206\u6ccc\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4f7f\u52a8\u7269\u80fd\u591f\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4ece\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ece\u9633\u5149\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u690d\u7269\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u673a\u9047\u548c\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u4f20\u64ad\u79cd\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u98ce\u6216\u6c34\uff1b\u5f00\u82b1\u690d\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u82b1\u871c\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u5438\u5f15\u871c\u8702\u3001\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u8774\u8776\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7e41\u6b96\uff1b\u6606\u866b\u548c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u8db3\u53ef\u5c06\u82b1\u5185\u7684\u96c4\u6027\u82b1\u7c89\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u96cc\u6027\u80da\u73e0\uff1b\u626e\u6f14\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4f1a\u7ed9\u690d\u7269\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u65bd\u80a5\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u690d\u7269\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u9c9c\u8273\u7684\u989c\u8272\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u6388\u7c89\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe6. \u871c\u8702\u91c7\u871c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u690d\u7269\u82b1\u7c89\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u679c\u5b9e\u7d2f\u7d2f\u7684\u704c\u6728\u548c\u6811\u6728\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f15\u8bf1\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3001\u556e\u9f7f\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u8759\u8760\u3001\u8725\u8734\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u6c34\u679c\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u5403\u4e0b\u591a\u6c41\u679c\u8089\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5403\u4e0b\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u79cd\u5b50\u6492\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u6392\u4fbf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u4e92\u5229\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u704c\u6728\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u5f00\u59cb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u534f\u540c\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5171\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u610f\u5473\u7740\u603b\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u6388\u7c89\u8005\u548c\u6563\u64ad\u79cd\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u7269\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u82b1\u871c\u548c\u7f8e\u5473\u679c\u5b9e\u3002\u5f00\u82b1\u690d\u7269\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u704c\u6728\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u6b7b\u4e8e\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u6355\u98df\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u4eec\u6216\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5c06\u82b1\u7c89\u8fd0\u9001\u5230\u80da\u73e0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u80a0\u9053\u4f20\u64ad\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u8111\u643a\u5e26\u8840\u6db2\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u4f1a\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u707e\u96be<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u82b1\u690d\u7269\u548c\u6388\u7c89\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u53bb\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u82b1\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6388\u7c89\u8005\u4e5f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u82b1\u871c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4f1a\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u79cd\u690d\u7269\u679c\u5b9e\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u690d\u7269\u4e3a\u98df\u7684\u6355\u98df\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u6052\u6e29\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u523b\u610f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u690d\u7269\u5f88\u5c11\u4f9d\u9760\u5355\u4e00\u6388\u7c89\u8005\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u79cd\u5b50\u3002\u6388\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u5355\u4e00\u690d\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u82b1\u871c\u3002\u4ee5\u5170\u82b1\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u976021\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u98de\u86fe\u548c24\u79cd\u8774\u8776\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u82b1\u7c89\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u4f9d\u9760\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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4. \u81ea\u7136\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9634\u9633\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u4eba\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u542f\u53d1<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u690d\u7269\u6388\u7c89\u8005\u3001\u79cd\u5b50\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u548c\u98df\u7269\u7f51\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u8054\u9501\u6545\u969c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u9053\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u4f9d\u8d56\u5c11\u91cf\u5171\u751f\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u4e13\u4e00\u7269\u79cd<\/span>\uff08specialist species\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u5411\u65e5\u8475\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u4ee5\u5411\u65e5\u8475\u4e3a\u98df\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e7f\u4ea4\u53cb\u7684\u7269\u79cd<\/span>\uff08generalist species\uff09<\/span>\u4eec\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u4f19\u4f34\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u6311\u5254\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e00\u7269\u79cd\u5f80\u5f80\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c11\u91cf\u5e7f\u4ea4\u53cb\u7684\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4ea4\u53cb\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u5f80\u5f80\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e13\u4e00\u7269\u79cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u610f\u5473\u7740[2]\uff0c\u5728\u9047\u5230\u707e\u5e74\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4e13\u4e00\u7269\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4ea4\u53cb\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4ea4\u53cb\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e00\u7269\u79cd\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7269\u79cd\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u8d62\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u4e13\u4e00\u7269\u79cd\u76f8\u914d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u4f9d\u8d56\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u5e7f\u4ea4\u53cb\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u76f8\u914d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6e90\u3002
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\u56fe7. \u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e24\u7247\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6811\u53f6\u2014\u2014\u591a\u6837\u4e14\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u53f6\u8109\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\u81ea\u300aQuantifying Loopy Network Architectures\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u82b1\u7c89\u3001\u79cd\u5b50\u548c\u98df\u7269\u3002\u53f6\u5b50\u4e2d\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u53f6\u8109\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u6c34\u5206\u4ece\u571f\u58e4\u8f93\u9001\u5230\u53f6\u679d\u53f6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f6\u8109\u5c06\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7cd6\u5e26\u56de\u830e\u3001\u6839\u548c\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53f6\u8109\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6606\u866b\u6495\u88c2\u53f6\u8109\u65f6\u5355\u70b9\u5931\u6548\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u95ed\u73af[3]\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u53f6\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u707e\u96be\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53f6\u8109\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u8f93\u9001\u6c34\u548c\u7cd6<\/strong>\u3002\u6784\u5efa\u53f6\u8109\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u6750\u6599\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u6f14\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u77ed\u677f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed9\u7fa4\u5c45\u7269\u79cd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u7fa4\u5c45\u751f\u6d3b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u8303\u6355\u98df\u8005\uff0c\u5206\u62c5\u5bfb\u627e\u98df\u7269\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5783\u573e\u548c\u517b\u80b2\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u767d\u8681\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u91c7\u7528\u7fa4\u5c45\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u57281.7\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7531\u87d1\u8782\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6d88\u5316\u5145\u88d5\u7684\u6728\u6750\u4e2d\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u8fbe\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u53ea\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u642c\u8fd0\u5783\u573e\u3001\u7167\u987e\u5e7c\u5d3d\u548c\u89c5\u98df\u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a\u5206\u5de5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7fa4\u5c45\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u79cd\u7fa4\u5185\u7684\u805a\u5c45\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7279\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u75be\u75c5\u66f4\u6613\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4f46\u7fa4\u5c45\u6606\u866b\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u51fa\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u8fdb\u5165\u8681\u5de2\uff0c\u8681\u7fa4\u5c31\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u6709\u5229\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u8fd0\u9001\u75c5\u4eba\u5e76\u4e3a\u8681\u5de2\u6d88\u6bd2\u3002\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u6210\u5458\u81ea\u613f\u79bb\u5f00\u5de2\u7a74\uff0c\u540c\u4f34\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5207\u65ad\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u767d\u8681\u4eec\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9634\u9633<\/span>\uff08yin and yang\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u8bb8\u4e3a\u4eba\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u8bfe\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5197\u4f59\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u6709\u56de\u62a5\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u5bf9\u53f6\u8109\u548c\u690d\u7269\u6388\u7c89\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fdc\u65b9\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\u4f1a\u6ce2\u53ca\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6e90\u5355\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCOVID-19\u5bf9\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u9020\u6210\u79ef\u538b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u8bad\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe8. \u4e00\u5ea7\u58ee\u89c2\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u767d\u8681\u4e18<\/span><\/p>\n

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5. \u5b66\u4e60\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u62b5\u5fa1\u707e\u96be\u7684\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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[1]https:\/\/theconversation.com\/more-than-252-million-years-ago-mammal-ancestors-became-warm-blooded-to-survive-mass-extinction-79961<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]Bascompte, J., Jordano, P., Meli\u00e1n, C. J., & Olesen, J. M. (2003).  The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(16), 9383\u20139387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1633576100<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]Katifori E, Magnasco MO\uff082012\uff09Quantifying Loopy Network Architectures.  PLOS ONE  7(6): e37994.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037994<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/series\/GE3\/galactic-empire<\/span><\/p>\n


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