{"id":25753,"date":"2021-04-27T21:49:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T13:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=25753"},"modified":"2021-04-27T21:49:03","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T13:49:03","slug":"nature-methods%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%e5%9b%9e%e9%a1%be%e5%93%ba%e4%b9%b3%e5%8a%a8%e7%89%a9%e7%bb%86%e8%83%9e%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=25753","title":{"rendered":"Nature Methods\uff1a\u7efc\u8ff0\u56de\u987e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u6838\u5fc3\u7a81\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u76d8\u70b9\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2018 \u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5728 \u201c\u9176\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u201d \u9886\u57df\u4e0a\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u30fb\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\uff08Frances H. Arnold\uff09\u6559\u6388\u6458\u5f97\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec \u201c\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf \u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u738b\u97f5\u6674 | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u8f89SynBio<\/span> | \u6765\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n


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Directed evolution in mammalian cells<\/span><\/h1>\n

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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41592-021-01090-x<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u56fe\u4e28 2018 \u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aNobel Prize\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u590d\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bf1\u53d1\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u4f1a \u201c\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u4f7f\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u66f4\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5c3d\u5feb\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u529f\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5df2\u501f\u52a9 \u201c\u8bd5\u7ba1\u91cc\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d \u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u9176\u3001\u8367\u5149\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u3001\u6297\u4f53\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u4e28\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aStanford\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6539\u9020\u9176\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u5316\u5de5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8bd5\u7ba1\u91cc\u6216\u8005\u7ec6\u83cc\u9175\u6bcd\u91cc<\/strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u8def\u7ebf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6298\u53e0\u4fee\u9970\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u800c\u5c31\u5728 4 \u6708 7 \u65e5\uff0c\u6765\u81ea MIT \u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684 Samuel J. Hendel \u548c Matthew D. Shoulders \u526f\u6559\u6388\u5728 Nature Methods \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u56f0\u96be\u6311\u6218\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u4e28 \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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1.\u7a81\u53d8 – \u8868\u8fbe – \u7b5b\u9009\u6216\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u8f6e\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u201c\u7a81\u53d8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8868\u8fbe\u201d<\/strong> \u4ee5\u53ca \u201c\u7b5b\u9009\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4fbf\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93<\/strong>\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u5f15\u5165\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08ex mammalia mutagenesis\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08in mammalia mutagenesis\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u4e28 \u5178\u578b\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u968f\u673a\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u7684\u6613\u9519 PCR<\/span>\uff08error-prone PCR\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6613\u7a81\u53d8\u83cc\u682a<\/span>\uff08mutator strains of bacteria\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u968f\u673a\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u5b9a\u70b9\u7a81\u53d8<\/span>\uff08site-directed mutagenesis\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5408\u6210\u6587\u5e93<\/span>\uff08synthetic library generation\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u8d85\u7a81\u53d8<\/span>\uff08somatic hypermutation\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e CRISPR \u7684\u5b9a\u70b9\u7a81\u53d8<\/span>\uff08CRISPR-based DNA targeting\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e RNA \u805a\u5408\u9176\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u7a81\u53d8<\/span>\uff08 highly processive RNA polymerases\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u7684\u7a81\u53d8<\/span>\uff08viral replication\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u4e28 \u5178\u578b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u77ac\u65f6\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5\u4e2d<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u5b66\u8f6c\u67d3\u6cd5\u548c\u7535\u8f6c\u67d3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f6c\u67d3\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u591a\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5e72\u6270\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7a33\u5b9a\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5\u4e2d<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f6c\u5bfc\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08retroviral transduction\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5b9a\u70b9\u91cd\u7ec4\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08site-specific recombination\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u524d\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u80fd\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u969c\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u8868\u8fbe\u6c34\u5e73\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u76ee\u6807\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u4e28 \u5178\u578b\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u6cd5\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6cd5\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728<\/span>\u7b5b\u9009\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f1a\u7ed9\u76ee\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8367\u5149\u6d41\u5f0f\u7ec6\u80de\u672f<\/span>\uff08fluorescence-based flow cytometry\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u663e\u793a\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08cellular display\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u5730\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u9ad8\u51fa\u9608\u503c\u7684\u3001\u5177\u5907\u7406\u60f3\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728<\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8c03\u63a7\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u76ee\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\u7ec6\u80de\u5b58\u6d3b<\/strong><\/span>\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4eba\u4e3a\u65bd\u52a0\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ea\u6709\u5177\u5907\u7279\u5b9a\u6027\u8d28\u7684 \u201c\u9002\u5408\u73af\u5883\u201d \u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4f53\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7b5b\u9009\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u3001\u4e4b\u4e2d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u9608\u503c\uff0c<\/span>\u4eba\u529b\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6cd5\u5bf9<\/span>\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u4f4e\u3001\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u548c\u591a\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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2.\u7a81\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u76d8\u70b9<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u5206\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7a81\u53d8<\/strong><\/span>\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8054\u7528\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u57df\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u53ca\u81f4\u764c\u86cb\u767d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28 \u5229\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u7ed3\u5408\u7b5b\u9009\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u80fd\u88ab\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u914d\u4f53\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u57df\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u7ed3\u5408\u9009\u62e9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9610\u660e\u81f4\u764c\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u8010\u836f\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u6210\u719f\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u76f8\u5f53<\/span>\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u8f6e\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fbe\u6210\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u66f4\u5927\u4f53\u91cf\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93<\/strong><\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c<\/span>\u591a\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28 \u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4e94\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7a81\u7834\u8fd9\u4e2a\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u663e\u7136\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u89c4\u6a21\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u6b3a\u9a97\u7b5b\u9009\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\u7684<\/span>\u8131\u9776\u7a81\u53d8\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28 \u5229\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7a81\u53d8\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bf1\u53d1\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u5177\u662f<\/span>\u8131\u6c28\u9176\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6d3b\u5316\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u80de\u82f7\u8131\u6c28\u9176<\/span>\uff08activation-induced cytidine deaminase\uff0cAID)<\/span>\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u80de\u5627\u5576\u8131\u6c28\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u817a\u560c\u5464\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9e1f\u560c\u5464\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8bf1\u53d1\u7a81\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u6297\u4f53\u548c\u8367\u5149\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0cAID \u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u666e\u904d\u5730\u5728\u9ad8\u8f6c\u5f55\u533a\u57df\u8bf1\u5bfc\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7ed9 \u201c\u6fc0\u5149\u201d \u88c5\u4e0a \u201c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u6709\u7684<\/span> \u201c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d \u4e3b\u8981\u662f Cas \u9176\u548c T7 RNA \u805a\u5408\u9176\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Cas9 \u53ef\u5728\u5411\u5bfc RNA<\/span>\uff08guide RNA\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\u9776\u5411\u5207\u5272\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5272\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4fee\u590d\u6b64\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u975e\u540c\u6e90\u672b\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08Non-homologous End Joining\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u540c\u6e90\u5b9a\u5411\u4fee\u590d<\/span>\uff08Homology directed repair\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8bf1\u53d1\u7a81\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u8010\u836f\u6027\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u4f4e pH \u73af\u5883\u7684\u6eb6\u9176\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u7406\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u8367\u5149\u86cb\u767d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u5174\u7684 CRISPR \u5de5\u5177\u8bda\u7136\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86<\/span>\u5b9a\u70b9\u5f15\u5165\u7a81\u53d8<\/strong><\/span>\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684 gRNA\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u4ecd\u7136<\/span>\u53d7\u5230\u5207\u5272\u4f4d\u70b9\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c<\/strong><\/span>\u4ec5\u5728 gRNA \u4e92\u8865\u533a\u9644\u8fd1<\/span> (~10\u201350\u2009bp) <\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5177\u5907\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u5408\u9002\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u7a81\u53d8\u7a97\u53e3\u5c0f\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u548c Cas9 \u540c\u6837\u5177\u5907\u9776\u5411\u80fd\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684<\/span> RNA \u805a\u5408\u9176\u3002<\/strong><\/span>T7 RNA \u805a\u5408\u9176<\/span>\uff08T7 RNA polymerase\uff09<\/span>\u8bc6\u522b\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684 T7 \u542f\u52a8\u5b50\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u8986\u76d6\u8d85\u8fc7 10000 bp \u7684 DNA\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7ed3\u5408 T7 RNA \u805a\u5408\u9176\u4e0e\u80de\u82f7\u8131\u6c28\u9176<\/span>\uff08cytidine deaminase\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86 TRACE<\/span> (T7 polymerase-driven continuous editing) <\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0<\/strong><\/span>\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u5185<\/span>\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u5316<\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u5229\u7528 TRACE\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u5728 A375 \u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u6291\u5236\u5242\u5177\u6709\u6297\u836f\u6027\u7684 MEK \u53d8\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5c06 RNA \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u6838\u9178\u5185\u5207\u9176\u6216 T7 \u805a\u5408\u9176\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7784\u51c6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u56e0\u53d8\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u53d7\u5230<\/span>\u8bf8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u80fd\u81ea\u53d1\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u65c1\u8def\u9014\u5f84\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u7acb\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u7b5b\u9009\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5177\u5907\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u8868\u578b\u6216\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u6d3b\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u4e3a\u72ed\u7a84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u5f00\u53d1\u7684<\/span>\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316<\/strong><\/span>\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5927\u5927\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u5c06\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5f15\u5165\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e<\/span>\u5c06\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/strong><\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/span>\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ea7\u751f\u7b26\u5408\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/span>\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684<\/span>\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219<\/strong><\/span>\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u590d\u5236\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u9009\u62e9\u5bbf\u4e3b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u75c5\u6bd2\u751f\u4ea7\u5305\u88c5\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u548c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f Matthew D. Shoulders \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u4f53\u8f85\u52a9\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08mammalian Phage-Assisted Continuous Evolution\uff0cmPACE\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f Bryan L. Ruth \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5728 2019 \u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08viral evolution of genetically actuating sequences\uff0cVEGAS\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

mPACE \u548c VEGAS \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u76f8\u8fd1\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u5bf9\u4e8e\u75c5\u6bd2\u751f\u5b58<\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u57fa\u56e0<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u5165\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684<\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u56e0<\/strong><\/span>\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6539\u9020\u5bbf\u4e3b\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u628a\u60f3\u8981\u8fdb\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u539f\u672c\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8f6c\u5f55\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6216\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u5076\u8054\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a81\u53d8\u682a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u6ccc\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u65b0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u590d\u5236\u589e\u6b96\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u6c60\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53 \u201c\u81ea\u53d1\u201d \u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f85\u52a9\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u5176<\/span>\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/span>\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c\u4eba\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u672c\u4f4e \uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8131\u9776\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u4ee5\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e30\u5ea6\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4e3a\u66f4\u591a\u76ee\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5b83\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span>\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u5e93\u548c\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c<\/strong><\/span>\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5141\u8bb8\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u66f4\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/span>\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u751f\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7279\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001<\/strong><\/span>\u6216\u8005<\/span>\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7279\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c<\/strong><\/span>\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6539\u9020\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u4e28\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8fdb\u5c55\u603b\u7ed3\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNature Methods\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6a21\u62df\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u76ee\u6807\u86cb\u767d\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u7ec6\u80de\u4ee3\u8c22\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u83b7\u5f97\u671f\u671b\u8868\u578b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684<\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u5143\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ec4\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u7814\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e<\/span>\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u5316\u5de5\u3001\u533b\u7597<\/strong><\/span>\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u63a2\u7d22<\/span>\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u5230\u529f\u80fd\u95f4<\/strong><\/span>\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u201c\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e4b\u89c4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4fdd\u6301\u53d8\u5316\u624d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u957f\u9752\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u201d \u968f\u7740\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u666e\u9002\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6108\u53d1\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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