{"id":26041,"date":"2021-05-07T20:27:35","date_gmt":"2021-05-07T12:27:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26041"},"modified":"2021-05-07T20:27:35","modified_gmt":"2021-05-07T12:27:35","slug":"%e5%bc%80%e5%b0%94%e6%96%87%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e8%af%b4%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e5%a4%b1%e8%b4%a5%e7%9a%84%e6%88%90%e5%8a%9f%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3%e2%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26041","title":{"rendered":"\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6210\u529f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u7531\u4f3d\u5229\u7565<\/span>\uff08Galileo Galilei\uff0c1564-1642\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u725b\u987f<\/span>\uff08Sir Isaac Newton\uff0c1642-1727\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e8e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5145\u5b9e\u548c\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6210\u719f\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u529b\u3001\u70ed\u3001\u58f0\u3001\u5149\u3001\u7535\u3001\u78c1\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u6e10\u81fb\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e30\u7855\u6210\u679c\u8ba9\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u611f\u53f9\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1814\u5e74\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af<\/span>\uff08Pierre-Simon Laplace\uff0c1749-1827\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u300b<\/span>\uff08Essai philosophique sur les probabilit\u00e9s<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8c08\u53ca\u201c\u4e00\u4f4d\u667a\u8005\u201d\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u8fc7\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u30021900\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235<\/span>\uff08Lord Kelvin\uff09<\/span>\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee<\/span>\uff08William Thomson\uff0c1824-1907\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u906e\u76d6\u70ed\u548c\u5149\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4c\u4e91\u201d\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u201c\u628a\u70ed\u548c\u5149\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u6e05\u6670\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5374\u88ab\u4e24\u6735\u4e4c\u4e91\u7b3c\u7f69\u7740\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6735\u7531\u83f2\u6d85\u8033<\/span>\uff08Augustin-Jean Fresnel\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6768<\/span>\uff08Thomas Young\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u5f15\u51fa\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5730\u7403\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5149\u4ee5\u592a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u56fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u7a7f\u884c\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6735\u5219\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u5747\u5206\u7684\u6ce2\u5c14\u5179\u66fc-\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span>\uff08Boltzmann-Maxwell\uff09<\/span>\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u6f02\u79fb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u70ed\u8f90\u5c04\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f1887\u5e74\u7531\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a<\/span>\uff08Albert Michelson\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u83ab\u96f7<\/span>\uff08Edward Morley\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7528\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e92\u76f8\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u4e24\u675f\u5149\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5149\u901f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60ef\u6027\u7cfb\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u96f6\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u9759\u6b62\u53c2\u8003\u5750\u6807\u548c\u4ee5\u592a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ee5\u592a<\/span>\uff08aether\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Aristotle\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u725b\u987f\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7b49\u4e00\u6279\u54f2\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u5149\u3001\u7535\u3001\u78c1\u751a\u81f3\u673a\u68b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u57fa\u5c14\u970d\u592b<\/span>\uff08Gustav Kirchhoff\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u666e\u6717\u514b<\/span>\uff08Max Planck\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4eba\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u6e29\u5ea6\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u96f6\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u70ed\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u5438\u6536\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u516c\u5f0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235\uff081824\u5e746\u670826\u65e5 – 1907\u5e7412\u670817\u65e5\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235\u7684\u539f\u540d\u662f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee<\/span>\uff08William Thomson\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed642\u5c81\u65f6\u83b7\u7687\u5ba4\u518c\u5c01\u7235\u58eb\u300168\u5c81\u65f6\u83b7\u82f1\u5973\u7687\u4eb2\u81ea\u6555\u5c01\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7537\u7235\u201d<\/span>\uff08First Baron Kelvin\uff09<\/span>\u5373\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235<\/span>\uff08Lord Kelvin\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u201d\u53d6\u81ea\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5<\/span>\uff08Glasgow\uff09<\/span>\u57ce\u4e2d\u6cb3\u6d41\u548c\u4e1b\u6797\u7684\u540d\u5b57<\/span>\uff08Kelvin River\uff0cKelvin Grove\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u664b\u5c01\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1824\u5e746\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5317\u90e8\u7684Belfast\u9547\u30021832\u5e74\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span>\uff08James Thomson\uff09<\/span>\u5e94\u8058\u5230\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08University of Glasgow\uff09<\/span>\u62c5\u4efb\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u968f\u4e4b\u79fb\u6c11\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1834\u5e74\uff0c10\u5c81\u7684\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6700\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u597d\u5b66\u7684\u4ed675\u5c81\u9000\u4f11\u540e\u53c8\u518d\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u6821\u5e74\u7eaa\u6700\u8001\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u90a3\u662f\u540e\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1839\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u95e8\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201cEssay on the figure of the Earth\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u83b7\u4e00\u7b49\u5956\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08University of Edinburgh\uff09<\/span>\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u51ef\u5170\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Philip Kelland\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u70ed\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u7ea7\u6570\u5728\u8df3\u53d8\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6c42\u89e3\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ed\u6d41\u7684\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u753115\u5c81\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u62df\u5199\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u8fde\u7eed\u4ecb\u8d28\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1841\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f6c\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e09\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5251\u6865\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86 3 \u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u70ed\u548c\u7535\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1845\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u58a8\u83f2<\/span>\uff08Robert Murphy\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5251\u6865\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u683c\u6797<\/span>\uff08George Green\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u7ae0\u201cAn essay on the application of mathematical analysis to the theories of electricity and magnetism\u201d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4ece\u6559\u7ec3\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af<\/span>\uff08William Hopkins\uff09<\/span>\u624b\u4e2d\u501f\u5f97\u4e86\u683c\u6797\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f20\u672c\u3002\u9002\u9022\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u8d74\u6cd5\u56fd\u8bbf\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5411\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5218\u7ef4\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Joseph Liouville\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u65af\u56fe\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Charles-Francois Sturm\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u4ecb\u4e86\u683c\u6797\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u683c\u6797\u8fd9\u7bc772\u9875\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6700\u540e\u4e8e1850\u5e74\u7531\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u96f7\u5c14<\/span>\uff08August Leopold Crelle\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u521b\u529e\u548c\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e0a\u5206\u4e09\u671f<\/span>\uff081850\uff0c1852\uff0c1854\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4e3a\u4e4b\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\u683c\u6797\u751f\u5e73\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5bfc\u8a00\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u90a3\u65f6\u683c\u6797\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f9e\u4e16\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u548c\u683c\u6797\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba9\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u628a\u56fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u6d41\u548c\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1845\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4ee5\u4f18\u7b49\u751fWrangler\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86Smith\u5956\u3002\u8be5\u5956\u9879\u662f\u5bf9\u539f\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5609\u8bb8\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u6258\u514b\u65af<\/span>\uff08George Stokes\uff09<\/span>1841\u5e74\u4ece\u5251\u6865\u6bd5\u4e1a\u65f6\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5956\u3002\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201cOn the mathematical theory of electricity in equilibrium\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u5e78\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c<\/span>\uff08Michael Faraday\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u5149\u7535\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u7279\u5236\u73bb\u7483\u7247\u9001\u4e86\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793c\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1846\u5e74\uff0c22\u5c81\u7684\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5e26\u7740\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u7bc7\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u8bba\u6587\u53d7\u8058\u4e8e\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1847\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u8bba\u6587\u201cOn an absolute thermometric scale founded on Carnot’s theory of the motive power of heat, and calculated from Regnault’s observations\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9650\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u96f6\u5ea6\u5e76\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6e29\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u6807\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6e29\u6807\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u201c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u201d<\/span>\uff08Kalvin\uff0cK\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u53d8\u53161 K\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u53d8\u53161 \u2103\uff0c\u4f46\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d77\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c 0 K = – 273.15 \u2103\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u628aThermodynamics<\/span>\uff08\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bcd\u5178\u548c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1851-1854\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u91cd\u8981\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u7126\u8033<\/span>\uff08James Joule\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u5361\u8bfa-\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af<\/span>\uff08Carnot-Clausius\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u70ed\u8f6c\u6362\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u516c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u201c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u00b7\u5361\u8bfa\uff0cNicolas Carnot\uff0c1796-1832\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6e29\u5dee\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u7535\u6d41\u5728\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u5bfc\u4f53\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u548c\u7126\u8033\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6c14\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5b54\u585e\u81a8\u80c0\u540e\u6e29\u5ea6\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u5236\u9020\u6db2\u6001\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u7126\u8033-\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587-\u7126\u8033\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1851\u5e74\uff0c27\u5c81\u7684\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9662\u58eb\u548c\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u30021849\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e26\u7535\u7403\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89e3\uff0c\u6210\u679c\u4e8e1853\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300aPhilosophical Magazine\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u6742\u5fd71798\u5e74\u521b\u520a\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3001\u7126\u8033\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9759\u7535\u548c\u9759\u78c1\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u83b1\u987f\u74f6<\/span>\uff08Leyden Jar\uff09<\/span>\u653e\u7535\u632f\u8361\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u84c4\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u673a\u548c\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u7b49\u5de5\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u6c14\u7535\u5b66\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u7535\u5de5\u4eea\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u8fd8\u6709\u7535\u78c1\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7edd\u5bf9\u9759\u7535\u8ba1\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7535\u6865\u3001\u955c\u5f0f\u68c0\u6d41\u8ba1\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1856\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u83b7\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9881\u53d1\u7687\u5bb6\u5956\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Royal Medal\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u5956\u7ae0\u6bcf\u5e74\u9881\u6388\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u4e24\u4f4d\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u51fa\u201c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u94fa\u8bbe\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\u7684\u8d8a\u6d0b\u6d77\u5e95\u7535\u7f06\u30021851\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6d77\u5e95\u7535\u7f06\uff0c\u7531\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7535\u62a5\u516c\u53f8\u7535\u5668\u603b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08Edward Whitehouse\u6307\u6325\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u88c5\u8bbe\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d77\u5ce1\u6df1\u6c34\u5e95\u4e0b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u7f06\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u8870\u51cf\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u30021855\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7535\u7f06\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u51cf\u6162\u4e0e\u7535\u7f06\u957f\u5ea6\u5e73\u65b9\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u30021856\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7535\u62a5\u516c\u53f8\u7b79\u5212\u88c5\u8bbe\u6a2a\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u6d77\u5e95\u7535\u7f06\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u987e\u95ee\u30021857\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86Agamemnon\u53f7\u7535\u7f06\u6577\u8bbe\u8239\u51fa\u6d77\u8fdc\u822a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u822a\u884c\u4e86\u7ea6380\u82f1\u91cc\u540e\u7535\u7f06\u4fbf\u88ab\u62c9\u65ad\uff0c\u544a\u8d25\u800c\u5f52\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u540e\u6765\u5728\u300aEngineer\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6d77\u5e95\u7535\u7f06\u7684\u5e94\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u30021865\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u968fSS Great Eastern\u53f7\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8239\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u6d77\uff0c\u94fa\u8bbe\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u7535\u7f06\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u518d\u906d\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fde\u7535\u7f06\u90fd\u6c89\u6ca1\u5931\u8e2a\u4e86\uff0c\u8d39\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5468\u6298\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u624d\u4ece\u6df1\u6d77\u91cc\u628a\u5b83\u635e\u56de\u6765\u3002\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\u6ca1\u6709\u6c14\u9981\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u61c8\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6210\u529f\u5730\u94fa\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e24\u5927\u6d32<\/span>\uff08\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927Newfoundland\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d77\u5e95\u7535\u7f06\uff0c\u8ba9\u8d8a\u6d0b\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\u901a\u8baf\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6bcf3.5\u79d2\u949f\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8679\u5438\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eea\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u8bb0\u5f55\u7535\u62a5\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u53c8\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u822a\u6d77\u7528\u7684\u7f57\u76d8\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u6d77\u5e95\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u5728\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u6f6e\u6c50\u5206\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6f6e\u6c50\u9884\u62a5\u5668\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u51e0\u6b21\u968f\u8239\u51fa\u6d77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u8fc7\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u9a6c\u5fb7\u62c9<\/span>\uff08Madeira\uff09<\/span>\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df4\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u822a\u6d77\u8239\u7f57\u76d8<\/span><\/p>\n


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1892\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u7535\u7f06\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u7535\u62a5\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u4eb2\u81ea\u52a0\u5195\u4ed6\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7537\u7235<\/span>\uff08First Baron Kelvin\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235<\/span>\uff08Lord Kelvin\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235\u7684\u7eb9\u7ae0<\/span><\/p>\n


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1860\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u51b0\u4e0a\u884c\u8d70\u65f6\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6ed1\u5012\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u817f\u90e8\u4e25\u91cd\u9aa8\u6298\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u4e00\u751f\u8ddb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1861\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08British Science Association\uff09<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b66\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7535\u5b66\u5355\u4f4d\u5236\u5b9a\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u57281893\u5e74\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5b66\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u91c7\u7528\u4f0f\u7279\u3001\u5b89\u57f9\u3001\u6cd5\u62c9\u548c\u6b27\u59c6\u7b49\u4f5c\u70ba\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u88ab\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1867\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u548c\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5170\u91d1<\/span>\uff08William Rankine\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u628a\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6768\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u201c\u80fd\u91cf\u201d<\/span>\uff08energy\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u80fd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u52bf\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u53c8\u548c\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u6cf0\u7279<\/span>\uff08Peter Tait\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u8457\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u300aTreatise on Natural Philosophy\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1873-1878\u5e74\uff0c1886-1890\u5e74\u548c1895-1907\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4e09\u6b21\u51fa\u4efb\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1881\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u6cd5\u56fd\u8363\u8a89\u52cb\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08L\u00e9gion d’honneur\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528106\u4e2a\u7535\u706f\u6ce1\u628a\u4ed6\u5728\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u7167\u5f97\u901a\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u8ba9\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u706f\u7167\u660e\u7684\u793a\u8303\u5c45\u5c4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1883\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u8363\u83b7\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u5229\u5956\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Copley Medal\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u59cb\u4e8e1731\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u3001\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u3001\u9ad8\u65af\u3001\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3001\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u3001\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u3001\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\u3001\u5362\u745f\u798f\u3001\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001\u666e\u6717\u514b\u3001\u6ce2\u6069\u3001\u54c8\u4ee3\u3001\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u970d\u91d1\u3001\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6885\u3001\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7b49\u540d\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1884\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u88ab\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u6388\u4e88\u529f\u52db\u9a91\u58eb\u52f3\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Eisernes Kreuz\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u8bbe\u5907\u5546James White\u8054\u624b\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8 Kelvin and James White Ltd.\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u9500\u552e\u5361\u5c14\u6587\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u7f57\u76d8\u3002\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5bf9\u51c6\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u5317\u6781\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u7f57\u76d8\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5361\u5c14\u6587\u7f57\u76d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1889\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u56fd\u8363\u8a89\u5927\u519b\u5b98\u52cb\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Grand Officier\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1890\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5229\u5965\u6ce2\u5fb7\u52cb\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Order of Leopold\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1890-1894\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1893\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62df\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c3c\u4e9a\u52a0\u62c9\u7011\u5e03<\/span>\uff08Niagara Waterfalls\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7cfb\u7d71\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f18\u8d8a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7136\u8d5e\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3001\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7535\u62a5\u516c\u53f8\u7535\u5668\u603b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08Edward Westinghouse\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u6279\u51c6\u4ed8\u4e4b\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5927\u83b7\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1902\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662<\/span>\uff08Her Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council\uff09<\/span>\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u529f\u7ee9\u52cb\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Order of Merit\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u53d7\u52cb\u8005\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8363\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1904\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u4efb\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1906\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u4efb\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08International Electrotechnical Commission\uff09<\/span>\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6709\u5173\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u6c14\u5de5\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4e00\u751f\u53d1\u8868\u4e86650\u591a\u7bc7\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u5e76\u7533\u8bf7\u8fc775\u9879\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1907\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u91cd\u611f\u5192\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u6025\u901f\u6076\u5316\u300212\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u901d\u4e16\u4e8e\u82cf\u683c\u5170Ayrshire\u90e1\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7483\u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u88ab\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u897f\u654f\u5bfa<\/span>\uff08Westminster Abbey\uff09<\/span>\u5185\u7684\u725b\u987f\u5893\u65c1\u3002\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed6\u7684\u5851\u50cf\u77d7\u7acb\u5728\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5893\u5730Thomson\u5bb6\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u4f9b\u540e\u4eba\u666f\u4ef0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u50cf\u88ab\u5370\u5728Clydesdale\u94f6\u884c1971\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u7684 \u00a3 20\u949e\u7968\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u88ab\u5370\u57282015\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u7684 \u00a3 100\u949e\u7968\u4e0a\u30022011\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5de5\u7a0b\u540d\u4eba\u5802\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u4e03\u540d\u5165\u9009\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1924\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u5f00\u5c14\u6587100\u5468\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4f1a\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7535\u673a\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u683c\u83b1\u8332\u5e03\u9c81\u514b<\/span>\uff08Sir Richard Glazebrook\uff09<\/span>\u81f4\u8bcd\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u60f3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u2018\u5398\u7c73-\u514b-\u79d2\u2019\u5355\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u955c\u5f0f\u68c0\u6d41\u8ba1\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7f57\u76d8\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u6c34\u6df1\u63a2\u6d4b\u4eea\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u81f4\u8f9e\u7b80\u77ed\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u5929\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u91cc\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8fd8\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\uff1a\u7edd\u5bf9\u96f6\u5ea6\u3001\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587-\u7126\u8033\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u7535\u6865\u3001\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u78c1\u963b\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u52a8\u80fd\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8679\u5438\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eea\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587-\u6c83\u683c\u7279<\/span>\uff08Voigt\uff09<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u6f6e\u6c50\u9884\u6d4b\u673a\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6ef4\u6c34\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6ce2\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u53d8\u6362\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587-\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179<\/span>\uff08Helmholtz\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587-\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u73af\u6d41\u5b9a\u7406\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587-\u65af\u6258\u514b\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u65b9\u7a0b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u50cf\u8bb8\u591a\u6562\u4e8e\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u52c7\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u5dee\u9519\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1895\u5e74\uff0c\u4f26\u7434<\/span>\uff08Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen\uff09<\/span>\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86X-\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002\u4f46\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u4e2a\u6076\u4f5c\u5267\u30021896\u5e741\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u4f26\u7434\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5bc4\u53bb\u4e00\u4efd\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u3001\u8bba\u6587\u548cX\u5149\u7167\u7247\u3002\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u4f26\u7434\u56de\u4e86\u4fe1\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5f53\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u60ca\u8bb6\u548c\u9ad8\u5174\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\uff1a\u8877\u5fc3\u795d\u8d3a\u4f60\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u201d\u540c\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u505a\u4e86X\u5149\u7167\u7247\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u5b9e\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\u30021896\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u52a0\u5165\u822a\u7a7a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u70ed\u6c14\u7403\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u6700\u5c0f\u2018\u5fae\u7c92\u2019\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e01\u70b9\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53bb\u671f\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u8bf4\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201d\u57281902\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u62a5\u793e\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u70ed\u6c14\u7403\u548c\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5b9e\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u3002\u201d1907\u5e74\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5f53\u5e74\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6c38\u8fdc\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u6c38\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u4e2a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8033\u987a\u4e4b\u5e74\u540e\u82b1\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u5e76\u4e0e\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u957f\u671f\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u70ba\u5f15\u529b\u6536\u7f29\u662f\u5929\u4f53\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u70ed\u6e90\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u6db2\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u4ebf\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u78b3\u6d4b\u5e74\u6cd5\u5f7b\u5e95\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\u30021898\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u6d4b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u56db\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e86\uff0c\u9887\u4e3a\u60b2\u89c2\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u6e05\u695a\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6c27\u5faa\u73af\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u8d23\u602a\u4ed6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1896\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u5e86\u8d3a\u4ed6\u4ece\u655950\u5468\u5e74\u7684\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u81f4\u8f9e\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u621155\u5e74\u6765\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u8270\u96be\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u2018\u5931\u8d25\u2019\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5bf9\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u6216\u4ee5\u592a\u3001\u5bf9\u7535\u4e0e\u672a\u77e5\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5316\u5b66\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u621150\u5e74\u524d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5411\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u751f\u4f20\u6388\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u591a\u2026\u2026\u4f24\u611f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e50\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u800c\u514d\u4e8e\u9677\u5165\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u60b2\u54c0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u9887\u4e3a\u6109\u5feb\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u50cf\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5e38\u6000\u597d\u5947\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5439\u4e00\u4e2a\u80a5\u7682\u6ce1\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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1887\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5f88\u521d\u7b49\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u586b\u5145\u51e0\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u5256\u5206\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u80de\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u4e24\u76f8\u90bb\u80de\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u9699\u5e76\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80de\u4f53\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u63a8\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u50cf\u871c\u8702\u7a9d\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u6b63\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8c\u7ef4\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8702\u7a9d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u76f4\u52301999\u5e74\u624d\u7531\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u9ed1\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\uff08Thomas C. Hales\uff09<\/span>\u7ed9\u51fa\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u57281887\u5e7411\u67084\u65e5\u731c\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u7ef4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u753114\u4e2a\u9762\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u80de\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d6\u4e2a\u9762\u662f\u6b634\u8fb9\u5f62\uff0c8\u4e2a\u9762\u662f\u6b636\u8fb9\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80de\u4f53\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5355\u5143\u6216\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u80de\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6700\u5bf9\u79f0\u6700\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u5355\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ef4\u95ee\u9898\u8ba9\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8d39\u5c3d\u4e86\u8111\u7b4b\u800c\u65e0\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5b83\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6ce1\u6cab\u7ed3\u6784\u731c\u60f3\u6216\u8005\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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 \u5de6\uff1a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u80de\u4f53\uff1b\u53f3\uff1a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u80de\u4f53\u9635\u5217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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1993\u5e74\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Denis Weaire \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751fRobert Phelan\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u731c\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b0\u80de\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u80de\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u90bb\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u79ef\u5374\u51cf\u5c11\u4e860.3%\u30022008\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u6797\u5339\u514b\u8fd0\u52a8\u573a\u7684\u6e38\u6cf3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201c\u6c34\u7acb\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cdWeaire-Phelan\u6ce1\u6cab\u56fe\u6848\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u59822009\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Ruggero Gabbrielli \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u80de\u4f53\u6216\u6ce1\u6cab\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u4ece\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6c89\u7761\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u540e\u9192\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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2008\u5e74\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u6e38\u6cf3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201c\u6c34\u7acb\u65b9\u201d\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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