{"id":26345,"date":"2021-05-16T22:31:57","date_gmt":"2021-05-16T14:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26345"},"modified":"2021-05-19T11:18:02","modified_gmt":"2021-05-19T03:18:02","slug":"%e6%80%9d%e7%bb%b4%e7%9a%84%e6%9e%81%e9%99%90%ef%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%9b%e6%ad%a5%e5%b0%86%e5%8f%96%e5%86%b3%e4%ba%8e%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e8%bf%98%e6%98%afai-%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26345","title":{"rendered":"\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u6781\u9650\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd8\u662fAI \uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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David C Krakauer<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6b63\u51fa\u73b0\u5206\u6b67<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7269\u79cd\u6240\u73cd\u89c6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u52aa\u529b\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u5219\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e0c\u671b<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u673a\u5236\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u54ea\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u4eba\u529b\u6b63\u5728\u963b\u788d\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u76f4\u5230\u8fd1\u4ee3\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd8\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u3002\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u57f9\u6839<\/span>\uff08Francis Bacon\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u8bd5\u56fe\u638c\u63e1\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u505c\u6ede\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u8bba\u300b<\/span>\uff08Novum Organum<\/em>\uff0c1620\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u725b\u987f<\/span>\uff08Isaac Newton\uff09<\/span>\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u57f9\u6839\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u955c\u5934\u548c\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u5177\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff1a\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u725b\u987f\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5766\u7387\u51b2\u7a81\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u987d\u56fa\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u529b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u518d\u62c5\u5fc3\u673a\u5668\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u5668\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u773c\u775b\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5c04\u7535\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u975e\u5149\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c04\u7535\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u80fd\u591f\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u89c6\u7ebf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u661f\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5206\u6b67\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u5df4\u9c81\u514b\u00b7\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e<\/span>\uff08Baruch Spinoza\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff1a\u201c\u5206\u6b67\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u70ed\u7231\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/strong>\u201d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6218\u6597\u662f\u5927\u8111\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8c01\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6096\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u611f\u6027\u7684\u8868\u4eb2\u2014\u2014\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u67d0\u4e9b\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u9519\u89c9\u4f1a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u7ffb\u8f6c\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9762\u82b1\u74f6\u3001\u9e2d\u5b50\u5154\u5b50[1]\u548c\u5185\u514b\u5c14\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Necker cube\uff09\uff08\u7ebf\u6846\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u4e00\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u4efb\u4e00\u9762\u90fd\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u89c2\u770b\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u89d2\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u5728\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u75f4\u8ff7\u4e8e\u9e2d\u5154\u9519\u89c9\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u683c\u00b7\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766<\/span>\uff08Ludwig Wittgenstein\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u9ad8\u91cc<\/span>\uff08Richard Gregory\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u770b\u7a7f\u9519\u89c9\u300b<\/span>\uff08Seeing Through Illusions<\/em>\uff0c2009\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u79f0\u9519\u89c9\u4e3a\u201c\u6311\u6218\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5b9e\u611f\u7684\u5947\u602a\u611f\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5185\u514b\u5c14\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u611f\u77e5\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6df1\u5ea6\u7ebf\u7d22\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u50cf\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6096\u8bba\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0e\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6096\u8bba\u662f\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u8fd8\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5177\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53cc\u751f\u5b50\u4f6f\u8c2c[2]\u3001\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766-\u6ce2\u591a\u5c14\u65af\u57fa-\u7f57\u68ee\u4f6f\u8c2c[3]\u548c\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u7684\u732b[4]\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6216\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u6765\u7684\u6096\u8bba<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u4f6f\u8c2c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u53cc\u7f1d[5]\u5b9e\u9a8c[6]\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u8c61\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6096\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e73\u65f6\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1. \u5f53\u89c4\u5219\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5947\u602a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u751a\u81f3\u673a\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u6096\u8bba<\/strong>\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u201c\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u6096\u8bba\u201d[7]\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\u8d8b\u52bf\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u5931\u751a\u81f3\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u4f53\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8d5b\u5b63\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u8eab\u9009\u624b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u90fd\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u624b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8d5b\u5b63\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u603b\u6bd4\u8d5b\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u51fb\u7403\u6b21\u6570\u7b49<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7403\u5458\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u9886\u5148\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u6096\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u4e8e\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02<\/strong>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u504f\u89c1[8]\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf[9]\u548c\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u4f5c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u504f\u89c1\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5e93\u7279\u00b7\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Kurt G\u00f6del\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u9898\u300b<\/span>\uff08Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems<\/em>\uff0c1931\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u516c\u7406\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u6216\u53cd\u9a73\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u516c\u7406\u5141\u8bb8\u51fa\u73b0\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong>\u3002\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c1\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9002\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u89c4\u5219\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u5219\u652f\u914d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5947\u602a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u6297\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u6297\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u4ee5\u8d62\u5f97\u4e00\u573a\u6bd4\u8d5b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u7ec4\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u505c\u8f66\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6076\u610f\u7684\u5c0f\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u79fb\u8d70\u4e00\u4e9b\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u79fb\u52a8\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u50cf\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u9650\u901f\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u5206\u7c7b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6781\u5ea6\u611a\u8822\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6096\u8bba\u548c\u9519\u89c9\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u9884\u6d4b\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u6240\u9650\u5236\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u63a8\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u201c\u5c40\u9650\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u7c7b\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u88ab\u673a\u5668\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u6307\u57f9\u6839\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u8bba\u300b<\/span>\uff08Noum Organum<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684b\u00eate noir\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5173\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u7834\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6b23\u8d4f\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5219\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u201d[10]\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5f15\u8d77\u6096\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8303\u7574\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u5206\u652f\u83b7\u5f97\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u7684\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5929\u6587\u9884\u6d4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6765\u6355\u6349\u5927\u8d28\u91cf\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u57fa\u7840\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u654c\u4eba<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u52a8\u91cf\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53c8\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a<\/span>\uff08\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u501f\u76f4\u89c9\u4ea7\u751f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u88ab\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u6240\u5438\u6536\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u7406\u7684\u9886\u57df\u8bd5\u56fe\u7a81\u7834\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u591a\u4e16\u754c\u201d[11]\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u5e7d\u7075<\/span>\uff08quantum spookiness\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u6d4b\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6781\u9650\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5174\u594b\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u667a\u529b\u63a2\u7a76\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u95ea\u70c1<\/strong>\u3002\u533a\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u201c\u8026\u5408\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ea0\u7f20\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5b66\u6d3e\u73a9\u5f04\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u683c\u8a00\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u95ed\u5634\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\uff01\u201d<\/span>\uff08 \u2018Shut up and calculate!\u2019 \uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u8c08\u8bba\u91cf\u5b50\u5e7d\u7075\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u3002\u5bfb\u627e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5728\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u9759\u800c\u8270\u96be\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e72\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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2. \u7406\u89e3\u53d1\u97f3\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u624d\u662f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5982\u6b64\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u96c5[12]\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u7b80\u5355<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u201c\u7b80\u7ea6\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5373\u5174\u521b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u578b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5b87\u5b99\u878d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/strong>\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u548c\u884c\u661f\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u7531\u76f8\u540c\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u201c\u8c10\u548c\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5230\u6e90\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u548c\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Murray Gell-Mann\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u8bf4[13]\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5265\u53bb\u6d0b\u8471\u76ae\u65f6\uff0c\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6df1\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u6548\u7528\u800c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0a\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4e5f\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55<\/strong>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5bfb\u6c42\u79d1\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002HAL \u548c Robby the Robot \u7684\u9b45\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u7535\u5f712001\uff1a\u592a\u7a7a\u6f2b\u6e38<\/span>\uff081968\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7981\u5fcc\u661f\u7403<\/span>\uff081956\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u6c34\u5e73\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u7965\u8bbd\u523a\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u7ec8\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u97f3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5355\u8bcd\u7c7b\u522b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u53e5\u6cd5\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u540e\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7eaf\u58f0\u5b66\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0a\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5355\u8bcd\u81ea\u53d1\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u53d1\u97f3\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u624d\u662f<\/strong>\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u793e\u533a\u63a5\u53d7\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u523b\u753b\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u80fd\u80dc\u8fc7\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u548c\u56f4\u68cb\u4e2d\u51fb\u8d25\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff1a\u673a\u5668\u504f\u7231\u7684\u8868\u793a\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u4eba\u8111\u504f\u7231\u7684\u8868\u793a\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u514b\u670d\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u8bf4\u660e\u514b\u670d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5c40\u9650<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u6b65\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5b83\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u963b\u788d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4e3a\u6446\u8131\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u56f0\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u300a\u6cf0\u963f\u6cf0\u5fb7\u7bc7\u300b<\/span>\uff08Theaetetus<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u7406\u89e3\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95<\/span>\uff08Socrates\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u51e0\u4f55\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5f52\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4f9d\u66fc\u7ebd\u5c14\u00b7\u5eb7\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Immanuel Kant\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5176\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b<\/span>\uff08Critique of Pure Reason<\/em>\uff0c1781\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u5b9e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8c61\u624d\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6781\u9650\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u5206\u5f00\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u7406\u89e3\u4ece\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u585e\u5c14<\/span>\uff08John Searle\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Minds\uff0cBrains and Science<\/em>\uff0c1984\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ed6\u6311\u6218\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u585e\u5c14\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6c49\u8bed\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5730\u9053\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u53e5\u5b50\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fbe\u5230\u4fdd\u771f\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e2d\u6587\u623f\u95f4<\/span>\uff08Chinese room\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9690\u55bb\u6027\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u5b57\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
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3. \u7406\u89e3\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u5f00\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u6765\u514b\u670d\u6096\u8bba\u548c\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5bf9\u5408\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9610\u660e\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u7ebf\u6846\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ef4\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u65e0\u9700\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e0d\u826f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u94bb\u7814\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u671f\u671b\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u8981\u6c42\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u58f0\u79f0\u80fd\u591f\u667a\u80fd\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u673a\u5668\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c06\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u6559\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u201c\u6559\u5b66\u201d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u79f0\u547c<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u5b66\u4f1a\u957f\u9664\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u539f\u56e0\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u83b7\u5f97 <\/span>\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u9664\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u6709\u6548\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0e\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u957f\u671f\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6709\u6027\u683c\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8c6a\u5c14\u8d6b\u00b7\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u535a\u5c14\u8d6b\u65af<\/span>\uff08Jorge Luis Borges\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u540d\u5b57\u56de\u54cd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u300b<\/span>\uff08History of the Echoes of a Name<\/em>\uff0c1955\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u5199\u9053[14]\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u68a6\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u795e\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u4e14\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u8bcd\u53ca\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u56de\u58f0\u662f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6e34\u671b\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u673a\u5668\u662f\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u56de\u58f0\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u662f21\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672a\u6765\u77e5\u8bc6\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u68a6\u60f3\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u56de\u58f0\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/will-brains-or-algorithms-rule-the-kingdom-of-science<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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[1]https:\/\/aeon.co\/ideas\/do-you-see-a-duck-or-a-rabbit-just-what-is-aspect-perception<\/span><\/section>\n
[2]https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/take-your-brain-to-another-dimension-an-evil-one<\/span><\/section>\n
[3]https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/can-retrocausality-solve-the-puzzle-of-action-at-a-distance<\/span><\/section>\n
[4]https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/is-the-many-worlds-hypothesis-just-a-fantasy<\/span><\/section>\n
[5]https:\/\/aeon.co\/videos\/splitting-the-truth-the-philosopher-that-physics-forgot<\/span><\/section>\n
[6]https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/the-elegant-physics-experiment-to-decode-the-nature-of-reality<\/span><\/section>\n
[7]https:\/\/aeon.co\/videos\/how-a-statistical-paradox-helps-to-get-to-the-root-of-bias-in-college-admissions<\/span><\/section>\n
[8]https:\/\/aeon.co\/ideas\/the-tech-bias-why-silicon-valley-needs-social-theory<\/span><\/section>\n
[9]https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/unconscious-racism-is-pervasive-starts-early-and-can-be-deadly<\/span><\/section>\n
[10]https:\/\/aeon.co\/videos\/if-simple-logic-isnt-working-with-your-internet-company-try-zermelo-fraenkel-set-theory<\/span><\/section>\n
[11]https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/how-the-many-worlds-theory-of-hugh-everett-split-the-universe<\/span><\/section>\n
[12]https:\/\/aeon.co\/ideas\/beauty-is-truth-truth-is-beauty-and-other-lies-of-physics<\/span><\/section>\n
[13]https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/cplx.6130010404<\/span><\/section>\n
[14]http:\/\/www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl\/bnd\/628\/w3-article-255890.html<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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