{"id":26496,"date":"2021-05-25T23:25:45","date_gmt":"2021-05-25T15:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26496"},"modified":"2021-05-25T23:25:45","modified_gmt":"2021-05-25T15:25:45","slug":"%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e8%bf%9b%e5%85%a5%e9%bb%84%e9%87%91%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26496","title":{"rendered":"\u524d\u6cbf\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u5165\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anastasia Buyalskaya,  Marcos Gallo, Colin F. Camerer<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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The golden age of social science<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5b66\u79d1\u754c\u9650\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d38\u6613\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u624d\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u8981\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9610\u660e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>\uff08\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u7d22\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u57fa\u56e0\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4f18\u5316\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u7a00\u7f3a\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8d27\u5e01\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u504f\u597d\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5bf9\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6295\u7968\u3001\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bfb\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6216\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u805a\u5408\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u90a3\u6837\u6570\u5b66\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6216\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u6210\u529f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u6587\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5374\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6070\u6070\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bcd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u7406\u6027\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u663e\u8457\u548c\u6743\u5229\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u571f\u610f\u4e49\u88ab\u201c\u6bcd\u8bed\u8005\u201d\u6240\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u56f0\u6270\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u5730\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u3002\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8d38\u6613\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u6548\u7387\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u56e2\u961f\u91cc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u8d77\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5355\u72ec\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u51c6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8bba\u5de5\u5177[8]\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55[9]\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\u53c8\u6709\u6240\u8fd0\u7528[10]\uff0c\u5e76\u57281995\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e76\u884c\u53d1\u5c55[11]\u2014\u2014\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8de8\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u82b1\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u7ef4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u798f\u7949\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027[12]\u3002\u4e0a\u763e\u3001\u80a5\u80d6\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u865a\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u65e0\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5ea6\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u6587\u5316\u60ef\u4f8b\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u652f\u6491\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u4ece\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong>\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u5bfc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8d21\u732e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u679c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8bba\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u613f\u671b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5374\u671d\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2C,D\u548c\u56fe3C\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2:\uff08A\uff09\u4eba\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u9ec4\u8272\uff09\u548c\u6709\u6548\u8fb9\u754c\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\uff08\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e20\uff0cCC BY 4.0\uff09\u3002\uff08B\uff09\u56fd\u9645\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fb9\u7f18\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u76f8\u4e92\u6301\u80a1\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e21\uff0c\u7ecfAAAS\u8bb8\u53ef\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\uff08C\uff09<\/span>\u6027\u4f19\u4f34<\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\u5206\u5e03\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\u3002\uff08\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e22\uff0cMcGraw Hill LLC\uff09\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u91cf\u7565\u6709\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u5230\u53f3\u65b9\u7684\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\uff09\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u6700\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08D\uff09\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8fb9\u7f18\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u6d41\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u589e\u957f\u3002\uff08\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e23\uff0cCC BY 4.0\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe3:\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u3002\uff08A\uff09\u6536\u76ca\/\u635f\u5931\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6839\u636e\u98ce\u9669\u9009\u62e9\u4f30\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e66\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fd0\u7b79\u5b66\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\uff08B\uff09\u9a6c\u62c9\u677e\u6bd4\u8d5b\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e67\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fd0\u8425\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u8bb8\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u6743\u6e05\u9664\u4e2d\u5fc3\u516c\u53f8\uff08Copyright Clearance Center)\u4f20\u8fbe\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u6574\u6570\u5904\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\uff08C\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a50\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8282\u7701\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u70b9\u503c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ece\u6d88\u8d39\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6761\u4ef6\u70b9\u503c\u4f5c\u56fe(\u4ee5\u524d\u672a\u4f7f\u7528Brown\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u8868[68])\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u4f73\u70b9\u503c\uff08x\u8f74\uff09\u5e94\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u70b9\u503c\uff08y\u8f74\uff09\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\uff08D\uff09\u4eba\u7c7b\u6350\u8d60\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u4e70\u5356\u4ef7\u683c\u6bd4\u7387\uff09\u4e0e24\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u663e\u7740\u663e\u7740\u6027\u76f8\u5173\uff08r = 0.72\uff09\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u75282\u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5f80\u6765\u3002\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e69\uff0c\u7ecfElsevier\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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3. \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u7269\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5e38\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u60c5\u611f[13]\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0a\u505a\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u8ba8\u8bba\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898[14]\u3002\u65b0\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4ea4\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5065\u8eab\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5668\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6781\u5927\u5730\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790[15]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\u9093\u80af\u00b7\u74e6\u8328<\/span>\uff08Duncan Watts\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u65af\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u65af\u8328\u52a0\u8328<\/span>\uff08Steven Strogatz\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u8005[16]\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6392\u540d\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6982\u7387\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u50ac\u5316\u4e86\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b64\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u6f14\u5458\u3001\u7535\u7f51\u8f93\u7535\u7ebf\u8def\u3001\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5316\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u90bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u6570\u6b65\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9[17-19]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f8b\u5b501: \u518d\u63a2\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f8b\u5b502: \u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u501f\u7528\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8ba8\u8bba\u6784\u67b6\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u90a3\u4e48\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span>\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u7684<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\uff0c<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u81ea\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u663e\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u7528\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u4e89\u8bae\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u9996\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc[14]\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u5bbd\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u5374\u88ab\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u7834\u89e3[41]\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5927\u578b\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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<\/p>\n

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\u4f8b\u5b501: \u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u635f\u5931\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0856\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f97\u5931\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0857\uff09\u4e0e\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u635f\u4f24\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u635f\u5931\u7684\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0858\uff09\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8c08\u5224\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0859\uff09\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\uff0860\uff09\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\uff0861\uff09\u3002\u56fe3\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/span>\uff08\u9a6c\u62c9\u677e\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u89c6\u89d2<\/span>\uff08\u8fdb\u5316\u663e\u7740\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5373\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u4e4b\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6e0a\u6e90\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u7334\u5b50[63]\u548c\u7c7b\u4eba\u733f[64]\u4e2d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u548c\u7980\u8d4b\u6548\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ea\u5bf9\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5546\u54c1<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5de5\u5177\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5219\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u54c8\u624e\u6751\u6c11\u4e2d\uff0c\u7980\u8d4b\u6548\u5e94\u5f02\u5e38\u7f3a\u5931<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09<\/span>[65]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/span>
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\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u73b0\u72b6\u504f\u5dee\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u8fdd\u7ea6\u6216\u575a\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8981\u5668\u5b98\u6350\u8d60\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u6350\u8d60\u7387\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6350\u8d60\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6350\u8d60\u7387[71]\u3002\u8fdd\u7ea6\u504f\u597d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u201c\u660e\u5929\u50a8\u84c4\u66f4\u591a\u201d<\/span>\uff08Save More Tomorrow SMART\uff09<\/span>\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c\u5230\u7a0e\u6536\u4f18\u60e0\u7684401\uff08k\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u85aa\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6295\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u6837\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u5e76\u9020\u6210\u4e3b\u89c2\u635f\u5931\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u5927\u5927\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u5f00\u652f\uff0873\uff09\u3002SMART\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u8f7b\u63a8\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ee5\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u62e9\u7f5a\u6b3e[74,75]<\/span><\/p>\n


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\n
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\u4f8b\u5b502: \u793e\u4f1a\u504f\u597d<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u7406\u6027\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u7531\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u6355\u83b7\u7684\uff1b\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u4eb2\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u77e5\u89c9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u5492\u8bed\u201c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e00\u573a\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5f00\u5c55\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u8005\u8fd0\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b[43]\u201c\u62c9\u62e2\u4e86\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u548c\u7530\u91ce\u5b9e\u9a8c[90,92]\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u60f3\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6709200\u591a\u4e2a[93]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u5e02\u6c11\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c06\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u504f\u597d\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u9650\u5236\u7684\u751f\u7406\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8d77\u6e90\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u897f\u65b9\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b<\/span>\uff08WEIRD\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a[84](\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8)\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Magliocca \u7b49\u4eba[95]\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u9645\u6bd2\u54c1\u8d70\u79c1<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u57282000\u5e74\u81f32014\u5e74\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u975e\u6cd5\u836f\u7269\u6d41\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u8de8\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8de8\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d29\u8fd0\u548c\u5c01\u9501\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6f5c\u5728\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u5b83\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6c14\u7403\u6548\u5e94\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u8d29\u8fd0\u6269\u6563\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u533a\u65f6\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u201c\u87d1\u8782\u6548\u5e94\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u8d29\u8fd0\u8def\u7ebf\u5728\u5927\u8427\u6761\u4e4b\u540e\u53d8\u5f97\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u65f6\uff09<\/span>[95]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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6. \u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u8005\u4ece\u4e8b\u66f4\u591a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u969c\u788d\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u4fc3\u4f7f\u56e2\u961f\u5173\u6ce8\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9010\u4e00\u5ba1\u67e5\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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  • \n
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  • \n
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  • \n
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  • \n

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    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e9b<\/span>\u969c\u788d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89d1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<\/span>\u6211\u4eec<\/span>\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4fdd\u6301\u4e50\u89c2<\/span>\uff1a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8054\u7cfb\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u548c\u53d1\u8868\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7528\u72ec\u7279\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u8c22\u6765\u81ea\u6559\u52a1\u957f\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6559\u5458\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u804c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u8c22\u6765\u81ea\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u6784\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5173\u6ce8\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5c06\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u603b\u548c\u66f4\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

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    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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