{"id":26863,"date":"2021-06-08T21:41:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T13:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26863"},"modified":"2021-06-08T21:41:00","modified_gmt":"2021-06-08T13:41:00","slug":"science%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8%e5%9b%9e%e9%a1%be%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%a3%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=26863","title":{"rendered":"Science\u7ecf\u5178\u56de\u987e\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5ba3\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"
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David Lazer\u7b49<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Computa<\/span>tional Social Science<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/323\/5915\/721<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n


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\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6240\u8425\u9020\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840[10]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u559c\u597d\u3001\u5fc3\u60c5\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7[11]\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span>\uff08NLP\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u80fd\u529b[12]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u52a8\u8bb0\u5f55\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u793e\u4ea4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u89c4\u6a21\u641c\u96c6\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u5374\u906d\u9047\u7740\u91cd\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u969c\u788d<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u51e0\u5343\u4e07\u5146\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u4eba\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u800c\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u5174\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/strong><\/span>
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\u63a8\u8fdb\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5e72\u9884\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5938\u514b\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u800c\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u6216\u8005\u523b\u610f\u7684\u63a9\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e56\u4e56\u7684\u542c\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c31\u57fa\u7840\u6761\u4ef6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u8981\u6bd4\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u514b\u670d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u53ef\u6743\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u8f83\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fdAOL\u516c\u53f8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4f8b[13]\uff0c\u57282006\u5e748\u6708\uff0cAOL\u516c\u53f8\u516c\u5e03\u4e862006\u5e743\u67081\u53f7\u52305\u670831\u53f7\u8fd93\u4e2a\u6708\u7528\u6237\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u641c\u7d22\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec1900\u4e07\u641c\u7d22\uff0c1080\u591a\u4e07\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd8\u670965\u4e078000\u4e2a\u7528\u6237ID<\/span>\uff08\u7f8e\u56fdAOL\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u7ebf\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u7ec4\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c2015\u5e74\u88ab\u5a01\u745e\u68ee\u901a\u4fe1\uff08Verizon Communications\uff09\u6536\u8d2d\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u867d\u7136\u7528\u6237\u7684ID\u662f\u533f\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8db3\u591f\u7ec6\u5fc3\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u8fd98000\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bb0\u8005\u5c31\u4ece\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u59d3\u540d\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d62\u5c81\u7684\u8001\u592a\u592a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8001\u592a\u592a\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f57\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8bcd\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5979\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u641c\u7d22\u8bcd\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/span>\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.seozac.com\/other-se\/aol-data\/\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1. \u600e\u6837\u70b8\u6389\u4e00\u680b\u697c<\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u600e\u6837\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u4e0b\u836f<\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u600e\u6837\u5236\u9020\u70ae\u5f39<\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u600e\u6837\u653b\u5165\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u7535\u8111<\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u600e\u6837\u6740\u6b7b\u592a\u592a<\/span><\/section>\n
6. \u600e\u6837\u6740\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u7559\u75d5\u8ff9<\/span><\/section>\n
…….<\/span><\/section>\n

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AOL\u516c\u53f8\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u4ef6\u8822\u4e8b\u7ed9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8be5\u7f51\u9875\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u88ab\u64a4\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u5374\u88ab\u7f51\u53cb\u4eec\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u64c5\u81ea\u5206\u4eab\u79c1\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u6572\u4e86\u8b66\u949f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bbe\u60f3\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8c37\u6b4c\u3001\u767e\u5ea6\u3001\u5929\u732b\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u3001\u4eac\u4e1c\u7b49\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5de8\u5934\u7a81\u7136\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u804a\u5929\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b49\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u6635\u79f0\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f60\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u4f60\u5bb6\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u7ad9\u3001\u8d85\u5e02\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5929\u732b\u8d2d\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u201c\u623f\u5974\u201d\u201c\u5f69\u5986\u8ff7\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5143\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u66f4\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u9500\u552e\u516c\u53f8\u6253\u7206\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u6d82\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5408\u4f5c\u5171\u8d62\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u4eab\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u59a5\u5f53\u5730\u5904\u7406\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6709\u5173\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u533f\u540d\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u6570\u636e[14]\u3002<\/span>
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[1] D. Roy et al., \u201cThe Human Speech Project,\u201d Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of Cognitive Science Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 26 to 29 July 2009.
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[2] J. P. Eckmann et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 14333 (2004).<\/span><\/section>\n
[3] S. Aral, M. Van Alstyne, \u201cNetwork Structure & Information Advantage,\u201d Proceedings of the Academy of Management Conference, Philadelphia, PA, 3 to 8 August 2007.<\/span><\/section>\n
[4] J.-P. Onnela et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104,7332 (2007).<\/span><\/section>\n
[5] T. Jebara, Y. Song, K. Thadani, \u201cSpectral Clustering and Embedding with Hidden Markov Models,\u201d Poceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning, Philadelphia, PA, 3 to 6 December 2007.<\/span><\/section>\n
[6] M. C. Gonz\u00e1lez et al., Nature 453, 779 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n
[7] <\/span>D. Watts, Nature 445, 489 (2007).<\/span><\/section>\n
[8] L. Adamic, N. Glance, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Link Discovery (LINKDD 2005), pp.36\u201343;<\/span><\/section>\n
http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/1134271.1134277.<\/span><\/section>\n
[9] J. Teevan, ACM Trans. Inform. Syst. 26, 1 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n
[10] W. S. Bainbridge, Science 317, 472 (2007).<\/span><\/section>\n
[11] K. Lewis et al., Social Networks 30, 330 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n
[12] C. Cardie, J. Wilkerson, J. Inf. Technol. Polit. 5, 1 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n
[13] M. Barbarao, T. Zeller Jr., \u201cA face is exposed for AOL searcher No. 4417749,\u201d New York Times, 9 August 2006, p. A1.<\/span><\/section>\n
[14] National Research Council, Putting People on the Map: Protecting Confidentiality with Linked Social-Spatial Data, M. P. Gutmann, P. Stern, Eds. (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2007).<\/span><\/section>\n
[15] J. Felch. \u201cDNA databases blocked from the public,\u201d Los Angeles Times, 29 August 2008, p. A31.<\/span><\/section>\n
[16] N. Homer, S. Szelinger, M. Redman, D. Duggan, W. Tembe, PLoS Genet. 4, e1000167 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n
[17] M.V.A. has applied for a patent on an algorithm for protecting privacy of communication content.<\/span><\/section>\n


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