{"id":2738,"date":"2018-04-03T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-02T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-05T18:31:28","modified_gmt":"2018-12-05T10:31:28","slug":"%e9%87%8d%e7%a3%85%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e-100-%e5%8f%82%e8%80%83%e6%96%87%e7%8c%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=2738","title":{"rendered":"\u91cd\u78c5\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e | 100+ \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u6253\u5305\u653e\u9001"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\" >\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.9;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img     class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534231494.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406<\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u672b107\u7bc7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5c0f\u7f16\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u540e\u53f0\u56de\u590d\uff1a<\/strong><strong style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e &nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"quote\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;widows: 1;\">\n<section  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);\">\n<section  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;float: left;opacity: 0.5;transform: translate(-15px, -15px);width: 30px;height: 30px;background-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/section>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"padding: 30px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);\">\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u66f4\u4e3a\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5c06\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002<strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;width: 0px;height: 0px;visibility: hidden;\"><\/span>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4e00\u7ebf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u8fd8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section class=\"\"    style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 5px 0px 0px;padding: 10px;border-style: none none none solid;border-color: rgb(195, 206, 189);line-height: 25px;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 1px 1px 2px 0px;border-left-width: 10px;background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243);\">\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u672c\u6587\u6846\u67b6\uff1a<\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\u4e09\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\uff08\u516d\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;widows: 1;\"><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u524d\u8a00<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5173\u6ce8\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9ad8\u6f6e<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4e4b\u521d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3bHerbert Simon\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9ad8\u6f6e<\/strong>\u662f\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5728\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u3001\u673a\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u5c55\u88ab\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u6700\u8fd1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u662f<strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9ad8\u6f6e<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u9ad8\u6f6e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fd9\u8f6e\u9ad8\u6f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5c11\u8ba8\u8bba\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e86\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\u4e5f\u91cd\u70b9\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u96c6\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.9;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.9;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u81f3\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u66f4\u4e3a\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534231494.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u514b\u670d\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e3a\u91c7\u96c6\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u6574\u7406\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u5341\u5206\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u901a\u7528\u76ee\u7684\u6280\u672f\u201d\uff08General Purpose Technology\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0GPT\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3001\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u56de\u907f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e76\u9020\u6210\u504f\u5411\u578b\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u5bf9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bdd\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5047\u8bbe\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u5c31\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u7b26\u5408\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.9;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.9;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u5bf9\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u53c2\u8003Hanson\uff082016\uff09\u7b49\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6587\u732e\u3002<br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u3001\u201c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u521d\u7565\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u5176\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u53c8\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff08\u5982\u56fe1\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534231494.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u56fe1\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.9;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u6700\u5e7f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u8ba9\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff08agent\uff09\u5728\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u5f53\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u80fd\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\u601d\u8003\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u800c\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c<strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u8ba9\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5408\u7406\u5730\u601d\u8003\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/strong>\u4ee5LeCun\u3001 Tagmark\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u5473\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u8111\u53ea\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5b66\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u4e0e\u6982\u7387\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Machine Learning\uff09\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u601d\u8def\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u201c\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u62e5\u6709\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u62e5\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u627e\u51fa\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u6839\u636e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Supervised Learning\uff09\u3001\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Unsupervised Learning\uff09\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Reinforcement Learning\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6709\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6837\u672c\uff08a sample of labelled data\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u627e\u51fa\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u623f\u5c4b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u623f\u4ef7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u6a21\u627e\u51fa\u623f\u4ef7\u548c\u5404\u7c7b\u623f\u5c4b\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u56de\u5f52\uff08Regression\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\uff08Classification\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6837\u672c\u5219\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u800c\u627e\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u9274\u8d4f\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u540d\u753b\u7684\u6d41\u6d3e\u8fdb\u884c\u9274\u5b9a\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5f20\u753b\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u786e\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9274\u8d4f\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u6b23\u8d4f\u753b\u4f5c\u53bb\u589e\u52a0\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4e45\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e9b\u753b\u5bb6\u4f1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u753b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u753b\u4f5c\u7684\u6d41\u6d3e\u8fdb\u884c\u9274\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9274\u8d4f\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u805a\u7c7b\uff08Clustering\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u8bd5\u9519\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u901a\u8fc7\u505a\u4e60\u9898\u6765\u6e29\u4e60\u529f\u8bfe\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u505a\u5b8c\u4e60\u9898\u540e\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u90fd\u4f1a\u6279\u6539\u4e60\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u9898\u505a\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u9898\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u6839\u636e\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u6279\u6539\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8ba9\u6b63\u786e\u7387\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Deep Learning\uff09\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u4f4e\u5c42\u7279\u5f81\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u8868\u793a\u5c5e\u6027\u7c7b\u522b\u6216\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4f9b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u5c11\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62df\u5408\u201d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u6765\u4eba\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 18px;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u878d\u5165\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6709\u4e86\u8f83\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u6536\u96c6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u7d20\u6750\u641c\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u53ea\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">1\u3001\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u4ece\u5b64\u7acb\u5230\u878d\u5408<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u9884\u6d4b\uff08Prediction\uff09\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u603b\u7ed3\uff08summarization\uff09\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u4f30\u8ba1\uff08estimation\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff084\uff09\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u603b\u7ed3\u3001\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bf9\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65e0\u504f\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u7cbe\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u5185\u751f\u6027\u201d\u7b49\u53ef\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5b83\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\uff08Decision Tree\uff09\u3001\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a\uff08SVM\uff09\u7b49\u5206\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5cad\u56de\u5f52\uff08Ridge Regression\uff09\u3001\u5957\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08LASSO\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Athey\uff082018\uff09\u66fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u5934\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u65c5\u9986\u7684\u5165\u4f4f\u7387\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5229\u7528\u4ef7\u683c\u6765\u9884\u5165\u4f4f\u7387\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u5165\u4f4f\u7387\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6b63\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7406\u7531\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5f53\u65c5\u9986\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u62ac\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u964d\u4ef7\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5165\u4f4f\u7387\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8d1f\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9010\u6e10\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6837\u672c\u8f83\u5c0f\u3001\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u201d\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u597d\u5e94\u4ed8\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6781\u5177\u6269\u5927\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u5f97\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f1a\u5f88\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\u80fd\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6781\u4e3a\u5e9e\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u662f\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u964d\u7ef4\u201d\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982LASSO\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d77\u5230\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bfb\u627e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u826f\u597d\uff08well-defined\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u91c7\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u3002Varian\uff082014\uff09\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e3e\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cf0\u5766\u5c3c\u514b\u53f7\u4e58\u5ba2\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0e\u5e78\u5b58\u6982\u7387\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u7684Logit\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6839\u636eLogit\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e58\u5ba2\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u5e78\u5b58\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u548c60\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6cf0\u5766\u5c3c\u514b\u53f7\u6c89\u6ca1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8001\u4eba\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u4f18\u5148\u9003\u79bb\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62df\u5408\uff08overfit\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5176\u4f18\u52bf\u5f88\u96be\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62df\u5408\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u5c31\u663e\u9732\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">2\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u524d\u5fae\u8f6f\u9996\u5e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388Susan Athey\u66fe\u5728Science\u4e0a\u53d1\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5979\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u66f4\u591a\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\uff0c<strong>\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u5f53\u66f4\u591a\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u7528\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e38\u89c4\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u5339\u914d\u6cd5\uff08Propensity Score Matching\uff09\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5230\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6838\u4f30\u8ba1\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f30\u8ba1\u5728\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u6709\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c06LASSO\u3001Booting\u3001\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u7b49\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u7b5b\u9009\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7528\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534231495.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5bf9\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\uff08Average Treatment Effect\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0ATE\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u6790\u56fa\u7136\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u533b\u751f\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u764c\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u9879\u7597\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4ec5\u77e5\u9053\u5e73\u5747\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7597\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7597\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6548\u679c\u533a\u522b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u91c7\u7528\u8be5\u7597\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7597\u6cd5\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86ATE\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\uff08Heterogeneous Treatment Effect\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Athey and Imbens\uff082015\uff09\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u56de\u5f52\u6811\uff08Classification and Regression Trees\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8bc6\u522b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u56de\u5f52\u6811\u7b97\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5355\u6811\u6cd5\uff08Single Tree\uff09\u3001\u53cc\u6811\u6cd5\uff08Two Trees\uff09\u3001\u8f6c\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\u6811\u6cd5\uff08Transformed Outcomes Tree\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u679c\u6811\u6cd5\uff08Causal Tree\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6811\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Wager and Athey\uff082015\uff09\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6811\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\uff08Random Forest\uff09\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\u3002Hill\uff082011\uff09\u3001Green and Kern\uff082012\uff09\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u2014\u2014\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u53ef\u52a0\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6811\uff08Bayesian Additive Regression Tree\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0BART\uff09\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7248\u7684\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cBART\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5927\u6837\u672c\u6027\u8d28\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003Athey and Imbens\uff082016\uff09\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u5411\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u56fe\u7075\u5956\u5f97\u4e3bJudea Pearl\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e13\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5f3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5206\u6790\uff08Counterfactual Analysis\uff09\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u5438\u7eb3\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u63a8\u7406\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6240\u81f4\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"line-height: 26.6px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;line-height: 26.6px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5f00\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4f20\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u7528\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9009\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u732e\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCamerer\uff0cNave and Smith\uff082017\uff09\u5728\u5206\u6790\u201c\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8c08\u5224\u201d\uff08unstructured bargaining\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u5176\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bfb\u627e\u5f71\u54cd\u8c08\u5224\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8981\u7d20\u3002Peysakhovich and Naecker\uff082017\uff09\u5219\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u9664\u4e86\u6307\u51fa\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5916\uff0cCamerer\uff082017\uff09\u8fd8\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u5f88\u5c11\u6539\u6b63\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u7f3a\u9677\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62df\u5408\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0cCamerer\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5206\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u8981\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">1\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u6e0a\u6e90\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002Zeira\uff081998\uff09\u5e74\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u6295\u5165\u5374\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u66f4\u591a\u4f9d\u9760\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u5c31\u66f4\u6709\u5229\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u91c7\u7528\u5de5\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5408\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u589e\u957f\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c06\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u4efd\u989d\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u4f18\u589e\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u589e\u957f\u7387\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u4efd\u989d\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Aghion et al\uff082017\uff09\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u548c\u201c\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u75c5\u201d\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e00\u6837\uff0c<strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4f1a\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4eba\u529b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4ece\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u4efd\u989d\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/strong>\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u75c5\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u8d44\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u4efd\u989d\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u843d\u540e\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u75c5\u201d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5c06\u4e24\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u4ece\u77ed\u671f\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u4efd\u989d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u7a76\u7adf\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma6-1534231495.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u4efd\u989d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5728\u7a33\u6001\u65f6\u5b83\u4f1a\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<strong>\u636e\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7387\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u4e5f\u5c06\u968f\u4e4b\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u3002<strong>\u5728\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u5173\u952e\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd9\u4e00\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u770b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5bf9\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6548\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u201c\u6280\u672f\u504f\u5411\u578b\u201d\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8ba9\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u83b7\u76ca\uff0c\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u53d7\u635f\u3002\u800c\u7531\u6280\u672f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u5bc6\u96c6\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u5411\u672c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u804c\u5de5\u652f\u4ed8\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u8282\u5916\u5305\u7ed9\u5de5\u8d44\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u6548\u5e94\u5c06\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728Aghion et al\uff082017\uff09\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u589e\u957f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u5206\u6790\u3002Agrawal et al\uff082017\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u501f\u9274Weitzman\uff081998\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u539f\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5728Jones\uff081995\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u690d\u5165\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc3\u8fdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u8ba9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u73b0\u663e\u8457\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">2\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4ea7\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7a76\u7adf\u80fd\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u5f15\u53d1\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\uff08Economic Singularity\uff09\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\uff081\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e \u201c\u7d22\u6d1b\u6096\u8bba\u201d\uff08Solow Paradox\uff09\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u6d1b\u6096\u8bba\u201d\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u6096\u8bba\u201d\uff08Productivity Paradox\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7531Robert Solow\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u53f9\u9053\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u53d8\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u589e\u957f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u4f50\u8bc1\u4e86Solow\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662fTyler Cowen\u548cRobert Gordon\u3002Cowen\u5728\u4e00\u90e8\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\u90a3\u6837\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u83b7\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u201c\u4f4e\u5782\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u201d\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6458\u5c3d\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c06\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u957f\u671f\u7684\u201c\u5927\u505c\u6ede\u201d\u3002\u800cGordon\u5219\u7531\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u201c\u7d22\u6d1b\u6096\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u76f4\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u5374\u540c\u6837\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0cGordon\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u671f\u76fc\u663e\u7136\u662f\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u9488\u5bf9\u201c\u6280\u672f\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u201d\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4ee5Brynjolfsson\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u201c\u6280\u672f\u4e50\u89c2\u6d3e\u201d\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u5728Brynjolfsson\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u4e3a\u5de8\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0cBrynjolfsson et al\uff082017\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u80cc\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u201d\uff08false hopes\uff09\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u671f\u76fc\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u201c\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bef\u5dee\u201d\uff08mismeasurement\uff09\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5373\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5c31\u5bf9\u5176\u589e\u957f\u6548\u5e94\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u201c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u79df\u503c\u8017\u6563\u201d\uff08concentrated distribution and rent dissipation\uff09<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\uff0c\u5373\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u660e\u661f\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7531\u6b64\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u5c11\u6570\u4f01\u4e1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6ede\u540e \uff08implementation lag\uff09<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u3002\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5957\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u800c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u5957\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6ede\u540e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u6325\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9010\u4e00\u68c0\u9a8c\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u6700\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u3002<strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6ede\u540e\u7684\u914d\u5957\u5de5\u4f5c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u6325\u3002\u968f\u7740\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u5957\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;line-height: 26.6px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;line-height: 26.6px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\uff082\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d<br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u201c\u5947\u70b9\u201d\uff08Singularity\uff09\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u826f\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u5947\u602a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u70b9\u3002\u672a\u6765\u5b66\u5bb6Kurzweil\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5267\u53d8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u3002<strong>\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u52a0\u5feb\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534231495.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u5e08\u66fe\u5bf9\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u6709\u8fc7\u61a7\u61ac\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u3001\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u8d6b\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u622a\u6b62\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u61a7\u61ac\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u6280\u672f\u4e50\u89c2\u6d3e\u201d\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u4f1a\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6280\u672f\u4e50\u89c2\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e89\u8bae\u3002Nordhaus\uff082015\uff09\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u6b64\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u3002Nordhaus\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0c<\/strong>\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e5f\u8fc5\u901f\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65b0\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<strong>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c<\/strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5f88\u591a\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u5207\u5b9e\u5e26\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<strong>\u518d\u6b21\uff0c<\/strong>\u81f3\u5c11\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u770b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6295\u8d44\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u6025\u901f\u7684\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u7efc\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51e0\u70b9\u5206\u6790\uff0cNordhaus\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Aghion et al\uff082017\uff09\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5bf9\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u70b9\u201d\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u770b\u77e5\u8bc6\u589e\u957f\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u80fd\u5426\u6253\u7834\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5185\u751f\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u51cf\u7f13\uff0c\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u6295\u5165\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u4e8b\u521b\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u74f6\u9888\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u800c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u201c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5931\u4e1a\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u8303\u56f4\u5c06\u66f4\u5e7f\u3001\u529b\u5ea6\u5c06\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u4e5f\u5c06\u66f4\u4e45\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u51b2\u51fb\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5316\u7248\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma1-1534231495.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">1\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Autor et al\uff082003\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684ALM\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728ALM\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u975e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u975e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5bf9\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5219\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e92\u8865\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u5c06\u662f\u504f\u5411\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4f1a\u7ed9\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u597d\u5904\u3002Frey and Osborne\uff082013\uff09\u5bf9ALM\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u62d3\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6295\u5165\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c<strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u635f\u5bb3<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Benzell et al\uff082015\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u671f\u8fed\u4ee3\uff08OLG\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u91c7\u7528\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u964d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8bb2\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5f25\u8865\u5c31\u4e1a\u66ff\u4ee3\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002<strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8d2b\u56f0\u5316\u589e\u957f\u201d\uff08Immiserizing Growth\uff09\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u5374\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\u8981\u63a8\u51fa\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u8d34\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Acemoglu and Restrepo\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u5c31\u4e1a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d88\u706d\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u52b3\u52a8\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u65b0\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u51c0\u6548\u5e94\u8981\u770b\u4e24\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u671f\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u8d44\u8db3\u591f\u5730\u4f4e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u804c\u4e1a\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/strong>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52b3\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd8\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">2\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Autor et al \uff082003\uff09\u5bf91960-1998\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u57281970\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5316\u201d\uff08Computerization\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u6781\u5316\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u975e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/strong>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57281980\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002Goos and Manning\uff082007\uff09\u5229\u7528\u82f1\u56fd\u6570\u636e\u5bf9ALM\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c<strong>\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u6781\u5316\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/strong>\u968f\u540e\uff0cAutor and Dorn\uff082013\uff09\u3001Goos et al\uff082014\uff09\u7b49\u6587\u732e\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u6781\u5316\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u88ab\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u6240\u62a2\u5360\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">Graetz and Michaels\uff082015\uff09\u5206\u6790\u4e861993-2007\u5e74\u95f417\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684GDP\u589e\u901f\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e860.37\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e2d\u3001\u4f4e\u7aef\u6280\u80fd\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002Acemoglu and Restrepo\uff082017\uff09\u5229\u75281990\u5e74\u52302007\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6bcf\u589e\u52a0\u5343\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c110.18%-0.34%\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0b\u964d0.25%-0.5%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">3\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u9664\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\u3002Frey and Osborne\uff082013\uff09\u66fe\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684702\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u88ab\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\uff0c<strong>\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e47%\u7684\u5c97\u4f4d\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u88ab\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/strong>Chui\uff0cManyika\uff0cand Miremadi\uff0c \uff082015\uff09\u5219\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd45%\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u9760\u73b0\u6709\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7b49\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u5b57\u5c06\u589e\u81f358%\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cArntz\uff0c M.\uff0c Gregory\uff0cT.\uff0c and Zierahn\uff082016\uff09\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5219\u8981\u4e50\u89c2\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3aOECD\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7ea69%\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u9648\u6c38\u4f1f\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\uff082018\uff09\u7528Frey and Osborne\uff082013\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u88ab\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u5728\u672a\u676520\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u768476.76%\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f65.58%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534231495.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0cGordon\u6307\u51fa\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u8fd9250\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u53d1\u660e\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u3002<strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5728\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u800cMokyr\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u8f83\u96be\u88ab\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<strong>\u5373\u4f7f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u5c06\u8db3\u4ee5\u62b5\u6d88\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Goolsbee\uff082018\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u6790\u4ef7\u683c\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u8bf4\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f1a\u66ff\u4ee3\u591a\u5c11\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u610f\u4e49\u5c06\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">4\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u63a2\u8ba8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u6b21\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u5728\u957f\u671f\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u65b0\u5c97\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u88ab\u5176\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u7b56\u5e73\u6ed1\u597d\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u8ba9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u6210\u987a\u5229\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5e94\u5bf9\u77ed\u671f\u5c31\u4e1a\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u7edd\u5bf9\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u65e7\u5c97\u4f4d\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u5c97\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eec\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u62b5\u62bc\u8d37\u6b3e\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u672a\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62b5\u62bc\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u53d1\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u504f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff08Directed Technical Change\u6216Biased Technical Change\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u4ea7\u51fa\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u5165\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2d\u6548\u5e94\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c<strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21<\/strong>\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8981\u7d20\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff1b<strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21<\/strong>\u662f\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u9020\u6210\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8ba9\u4f01\u4e1a\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u5e94\u6700\u7ec8\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">1\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8981\u7d20\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8981\u7d20\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 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style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 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style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">3\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u5229\u6da6\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: 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Firms\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u51ed\u501f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u529b\u91cf\u83b7\u5f97\u5de8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u660e\u661f\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u663e\u7136\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6e20\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u731c\u6d4b\u6682\u65f6\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">4\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u6548\u5e94\u5fc5\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u8fc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u6709\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5171\u4eab\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002Korinek and Stiglitz\uff082017\uff09\u66fe\u5bf9\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u914d\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u50cf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u603b\u8d22\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\uff0c<\/strong>\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4fdd\u9669\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e26\u6765\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u56e0\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u53d7\u76ca\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u626d\u8f6c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<strong>\u653f\u7b56\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/strong>Kaplan\uff082015\uff09\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7fa4\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8865\u8d34\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002Cowen\uff082017\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u653f\u7b56\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u57f9\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u5bf9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5f71\u54cd\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ee9\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u5c06\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u5236\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">1\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u8dc3\u5347\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u80dc\u51fa\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u9700\u8981\u6295\u5165\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u5374\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u95e8\u69db\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u53e0\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u662f\u6280\u672f\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/strong>\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u968f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e73\u53f0\uff08Platform\uff09\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u201c\u8de8\u8fb9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u9e21\u751f\u86cb\u3001\u86cb\u751f\u9e21\u201d\u4f3c\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u81a8\u80c0\u5360\u9886\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5bb6\u72ec\u5927\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002 \u7efc\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u5de8\u661f\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5e02\u573a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u7eb5\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u3002Shapiro and Varian\uff082017\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u91c7\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5782\u76f4\u8054\u5408\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u524a\u51cf\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\uff0c<strong>\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u5e76\u8d2d\u8d8b\u52bf\u5c06\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e76\u8d2d\u6574\u5408\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e89\u593a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u6216\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e89\u593a\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">2\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4e0d\u5c11\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4ee5\u524d\u96be\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6b67\u89c6\uff08Algorithmic Discrimination\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d8a\u82cf\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u7ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u53ea\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u501f\u7528\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7cbe\u786e\u753b\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u4e00\u7ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5269\u4f59\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u4e00\u7ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6216\u4e09\u7ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u652b\u53d6\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5269\u4f59\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5408\u8c0b\uff08Algorithmic Collusion\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5408\u8c0b\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u8c0b\u6765\u74dc\u5206\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u4f01\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u8c0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ea7\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u5347\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u798f\u5229\u53d7\u635f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u56f0\u96be\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5408\u8c0b\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u535a\u5f08\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5408\u8c0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7531\u4e8e\u96be\u4ee5\u76d1\u7763\u8fdd\u7ea6\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u60e9\u7f5a\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96be\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u771f\u6b63\u8fbe\u6210\u3002<strong>\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f88\u96be\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u5408\u8c0b\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u8c0b\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u4e92\u731c\u6d4b\u5408\u8c0b\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6027\u8d28\u7b49\u5f71\u54cd\u5408\u8c0b\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f01\u4e1a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u8c0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u9664\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u6b67\u89c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b97\u6cd5\u5408\u8c0b\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c06\u5bf9\u8981\u7d20\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u540c\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u56de\u62a5\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u72b6\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u660e\u663e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<strong>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8be5\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<strong>\u5176\u4e09\uff0c<\/strong>\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u65b0\u65b0\u8d38\u6613\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8fd8\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u77e5\uff0cGoldfarb and Trefler\uff082018\uff09\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u7bc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002<strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ee5\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u96c6\u3002<\/strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u57fa\u6570\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e9e\u5927\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u800c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6269\u6563\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5bf9\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u732e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u624d\u662f\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8d85\u989d\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u95e8\u69db\u8db3\u591f\u4f4e\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5229\u6da6\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u96f6\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u5c31\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5148\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u89c4\u6a21\u5c31\u4e3a\u5176\u6784\u7b51\u8d77\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u51e0\u7c7b\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5982\u8865\u8d34\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u4eba\u624d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u7fa4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u770b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7a76\u7adf\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u672c\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u8fd8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u672c\u56fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6276\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6269\u6563\u4f1a\u76f8\u5f53\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u4e0a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7740\u91cd\u5bf9\u9690\u79c1\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<strong>\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9690\u6027\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u56fd\u5916\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u672c\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u672c\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6276\u6301\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u672c\u5730\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u65e0\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\uff08\u516d\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u6216\u8f85\u52a9\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3b\u4f53\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8c01\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6388\u6743\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u906d\u9047\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u6545\u6216\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u4eba\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u5408\u8c0b\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u53ea\u60f3\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003Pagallo\uff082013\uff09\uff0cErzachi and Stucke\uff082016\uff09\uff0cStucke and Grunes\uff082016\uff09\u7b49\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">1\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u6743\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: 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0.5px;\">\u4f8b\u5982\u5546\u5bb6\u5728\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6316\u6398\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u504f\u597d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ece\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5904\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u4e60\u60ef\u6570\u636e\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8ba9\u5546\u5bb6\u641c\u96c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u662f\u6709\u5229\u6709\u5f0a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5546\u5bb6\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u670d\u52a1\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u641c\u96c6\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5546\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ef7\u683c\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5546\u5bb6\u7684\u63a8\u9500\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u8eab\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7684\u641c\u96c6\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0d\u592a\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u56e0\u6570\u636e\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u65f6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u51fa\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u672c\u6536\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u613f\u51fa\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\uff081\uff09\u5546\u5bb6\u5728\u641c\u96c6\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u51fa\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u5546\u5bb6\u641c\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u5f53\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u540e\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5224\u65ad\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5546\u5bb6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8d23\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5546\u5bb6\u5728\u641c\u96c6\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u7167\u5176\u4e8b\u5148\u5411\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u60e9\u7f5a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u6c11\u95f4\u56e2\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u51e0\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u90fd\u5404\u6709\u5176\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c<strong>\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">2\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u98ce\u9669<strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u754c\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6b64\u627f\u62c5\u591a\u5927\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9ad8\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d23\u4efb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u7740\u91cd\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u5212\u5206\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cGalasso\uff082017\uff09\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u54c1\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u627f\u62c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u6545\u65f6\u4f01\u4e1a\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002Galasso\u6c42\u89e3\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u65f6\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u54cd\u5ea6\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4f01\u4e1a\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u8d23\u4efb\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5371\u9669\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6c42\u4f01\u4e1a\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u5c11\u8d23\u4efb\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u5b89\u5168\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5371\u9669\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7814\u53d1\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u8db3\u591f\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u8d23\u4efb\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u662f\u5426\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8fb9\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6280\u672f\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><strong>\u636e\u6b64\uff0cGalasso\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8003\u5bdf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u5176\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6210\u672c\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6548\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u81f4\u7528\u4e4b\u5b66\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u5728\u56de\u5e94\u73b0\u5b9e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a\u674e\u5609\u56fe\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u7d20\u6750\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5206\u5236\uff1b\u4fe1\u606f\u9769\u547d\u5219\u4e3a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9769\u547d\u201d\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u66f4\u4e3a\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5c06\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8bae\u9898\u8fdb\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 26.6px;white-space: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd1\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6709\u5fd7\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u501f\u9274\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u652f\u6587\u732e\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7efc\u8ff0\u96be\u514d\u6302\u4e00\u6f0f\u4e07\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u7b14\u8005\u6c34\u5e73\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u8fd8\u671b\u5404\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u541d\u6279\u8bc4\u6307\u6b63<span style=\"color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 24.5px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u3002<strong>\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5230\u539f\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 24.5px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"\" style=\"white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;font-family: simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: -15px;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;width: 558px;color: rgb(141, 138, 137);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);\"><br  \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-top: -15px;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;width: 558px;color: rgb(141, 138, 137);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);\"><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: -15px;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;width: 558px;color: rgb(141, 138, 137);line-height: 1.5em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img class=\"\"       src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534231495.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: -15px;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;width: 558px;color: rgb(141, 138, 137);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);\"><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: -15px;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;width: 558px;color: rgb(141, 138, 137);line-height: 1.5em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;width: 558px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 26.6px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u6c38\u4f1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 26.6px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u5341\u4f59\u7bc7\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u548c\u4e3b\u4efb\u52a9\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;width: 558px;\"><img class=\"\"     width=\"558px\" style=\"display: block;visibility: visible !important;width: 558px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma1-1534231495.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);white-space: normal;text-align: right;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"    style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u63a8\u8350<span style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span>\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 15px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247487021&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=68a3bc7acbb0702717755c5207142d3e&amp;chksm=e89454a0dfe3ddb6bd2191151203e302c4bf55d81b0d54b0cc2236ca1ece5e9f07a0e185300e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247485943&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=0d3669e104f21ac7116a32f597519f5b&amp;chksm=e894537adfe3da6c03ef63babab5f21ea10a67edf1f402c0782d8ba085352c43189448a9106b&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5b66\u79d1\uff1f\u2014AI\u89c6\u91ce\uff08\u56db\uff09<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247487021&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=68a3bc7acbb0702717755c5207142d3e&amp;chksm=e89454a0dfe3ddb6bd2191151203e302c4bf55d81b0d54b0cc2236ca1ece5e9f07a0e185300e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 15px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247487021&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=68a3bc7acbb0702717755c5207142d3e&amp;chksm=e89454a0dfe3ddb6bd2191151203e302c4bf55d81b0d54b0cc2236ca1ece5e9f07a0e185300e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5668\uff1f\u2014\u2014AI\u89c6\u91ce\uff08\u516d\uff09<\/strong><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 15px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486092&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=29e524ba33f4fa20b3fb95c983337cdd&amp;chksm=e8945001dfe3d917e041b68b7e3847df79b40ee12e3da6983c8415d7aa9bba5c713df9632d85&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u6cdb\u5728\u7684AI\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u4e0a\u5e1d\u2014AI\u89c6\u91ce\uff08\u4e94\uff09<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247485855&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=e546a3f6023d90909a9ac9a3d3b4658f&amp;chksm=e8945312dfe3da04d4633aed4a4d1f9770a710ef76fc0349fdb2a8b458e56ea72804103b5b7d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u4ece\u4e07\u7269\u6709\u7075\u5230AI\u638c\u7ba1\u4e16\u754c\u2014AI\u89c6\u91ce\uff08\u4e09\uff09<\/strong><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em 15px;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247485723&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ef60e683e1d9377f0ebc583d761a0066&amp;chksm=e8945396dfe3da808b84c9dcafe65c02920b77847ed3831066a376c01112de6777a476a3de2e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u900f\u89c6\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u7545\u60f3\u672a\u6765\u5e94\u7528\u2014AI\u89c6\u91ce\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/strong><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em 15px;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247485677&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=c87541996d9f734390b9c6b2ab9abde5&amp;chksm=e8945260dfe3db76d5839523786f649d4fe7222f7f2a3a35be5775e3dc8d032a4bffb1544eeb&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u63ea\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u79bb\u5f00\u5730\u7403\u2014AI\u89c6\u91ce\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em 15px;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<hr  \/>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;widows: 1;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img class=\"__bg_gif\"     width=\"100%\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;visibility: visible !important;width: 64px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma6-1534231495.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;widows: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: center;outline: none;\">\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;line-height: 25.6px;outline: none;\">\n<section   style=\"outline: none;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 15px;outline: none;\">\n<section  style=\"line-height: 25.6px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8QQ\u7fa4\uff5c292641157<br  \/>\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\uff5czhangqian@swarma.org<br  \/>\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cwangting@swarma.org<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;outline: none;\">\n<h1 style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 14px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);line-height: 25.6px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"line-height: 28px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 76, 0);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 128, 255);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(61, 170, 214);\">\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 20px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 5px auto;padding: 10px;width: 180px;border-width: 2px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(132, 132, 132);line-height: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"\"      width=\"auto\" style=\"overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: auto !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534231496.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote class='keep-source'>\n<p>\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a                         \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8                      <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406 \u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u672b107\u7bc7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5c0f\u7f16\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u540e\u53f0\u56de\u590d\uff1a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e &nbsp; \u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff01 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