{"id":27382,"date":"2021-07-01T18:08:47","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T10:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27382"},"modified":"2021-07-01T18:08:47","modified_gmt":"2021-07-01T10:08:47","slug":"%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8%e5%9b%9e%e9%a1%be%ef%bc%9a%e6%9c%89%e6%95%88%e8%bf%87%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%8e%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e6%b3%95%e5%88%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27382","title":{"rendered":"\u7ecf\u5178\u56de\u987e\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/strong>\u81ea\u672c\u6587\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e1995\u5e74The universal Turing machine <\/em>\u4e00\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u3002\u4f5c\u8005Robert Rosen\uff081934-1998\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u6df1\u5165\u89e6\u53ca\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u751f\u547d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u201d\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4e0d\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cRobert Rosenthal\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Effective processes and natural law<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe1. \u9752\u5e74\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\uff1b\u9752\u5e74\u56fe\u7075\uff1b\u76ae\u8328\u548c\u9ea6\u5361\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u5408\u7167<\/span>
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\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60ca\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fe\u7075\uff0c\u5728\u4ed61936 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587[\u8bd1\u6ce83]\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u4ee5\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u7c7b\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u771f\u6b63\u5e76\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/strong>\u662f\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u673a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5f88\u5feb\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

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2. \u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\uff0c\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u7684\u3001\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u7684\u547d\u9898\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bba\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u59cb\u4e8e\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5fb7\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u975e\u6b27\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u6b27\u6c0f\u51e0\u4f55\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u73b0\u6734\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u4e2d\u6096\u8bba\u65f6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u8feb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u8981\u6e05\u7a7a\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fa9\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6309\u7167<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u6709<\/span>\u9650\u7684\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u4efb\u610f\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u9664\u4e86\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5916\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe6. \u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\uff1b\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u5c3c<\/span>
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\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u66ff\u6362\u8bed\u4e49<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u903b\u8f91<\/strong>\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u4e22\u5931\uff1b\u4efb\u4f55\u6d89\u53ca\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6620\u50cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe7. \u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\u6700\u65e9\u4e8e 1930 \u5e74 9 \u6708\u5728\u67ef\u5c3c\u65af\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868<\/span><\/section>\n


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<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7565\u8c08\u4e0b\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u9898\u7f16\u7801\u5230\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/span>\u7684\u7801\u5e26\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u628a\u7801\u5e26\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u7801\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u9898\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u610f\u4e49\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6709\u6548\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4ece\u8bed\u6cd5\u5230\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56de\u6765\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5c06\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u662f\u8bb0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u6548\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8ba1\u7b97\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u8574\u6db5\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe8. \u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7269<\/span>\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b80\u5316\u5230\u7ec8\u6781\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u62e5\u6709\u77ac\u65f6\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u6784\u578b\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u57df\u5bfc\u6570\u3002\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec8\u6781\u5355\u5143\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u6240\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u8f68\u8ff9\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u516c\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8574\u6db5\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219<\/strong>\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08a\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u6216\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u652f\u914d<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff09<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08b\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4eba\u7c7b\u5934\u8111\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u547d\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8574\u6db5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u7528\u56fe\u5f0f\u4e00\u6765\u8868\u793a<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe9\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe9. \u56fe\u5f0f\u4e00<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u6027\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u56fe\u8868\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u2460=\u2461+\u2462+\u2463       <\/span> (2)<\/span><\/h1>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08a\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u7f16\u7801\u5230\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08b\uff09\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8574\u6db5\u7ed3\u6784\u5bfc\u51fa\u5b9a\u7406\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08c\uff09\u518d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u7406\u89e3\u7801\u6210\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u547d\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u9884\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5f53\u56fe\u8868\u4ea4\u6362\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8574\u6db5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u56fe\u8868\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u4e30\u5bcc\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u5165\uff1b\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605[8]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5bf9\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u8fa8\u8ba4\u51fa\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6548\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u8017\u5c3d\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8574\u6db5\u6027\u8d44\u6e90[\u8bd1\u6ce85]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u56fe10\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe10. \u56fe\u5f0f\u4e8c<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u770b\u5916\u4fa7\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5fd8\u8bb0\u539f\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9:<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08a\uff09\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f16\u7801<\/strong>\u548c\u89e3\u7801<\/strong>\u7bad\u5934<\/span>\uff08\u56fe10\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6709\u6548<\/strong>\u7684\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08b<\/span>\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u7bad\u5934\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u5c45\u6700\u53f3\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u5165<\/strong>\u548c\u8f93\u51fa<\/strong>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u7b80\u8981\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe11. \u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898[\u8bd1\u6ce86]<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5c06\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u7bad\u5934\u672c\u8eab\u4ee3\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u8bba\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u56e0\u679c\u652f\u914d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u8574\u6db5\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002\u7f16\u7801\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6216\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u56e0\u679c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8574\u6db5\u6240\u652f\u914d\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4eea\u8868<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eea\u8868\u53d7\u56e0\u679c\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548<\/strong>\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff1b\u8fd9\u4f9d\u6b21\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u7a77\u56de\u5f52\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f7f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u53d8\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u56de\u5f52\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u70b9\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u7801\u5e26\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u4eea\u8868\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u662f\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/strong>\u7f16\u7801\u5bf9\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf<\/span>\uff08\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe9\u56fe\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong>\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u53f0\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u7f16\u7801\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f<\/strong>\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u63a8\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0e\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u552f\u4e00<\/strong>\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u7b2c 1 \u8282\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u62df<\/strong>\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u6210\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span>\u9879\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u201c\u786c\u4ef6\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u201c\u786c\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9274\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0c\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7c7b\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u5668<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\uff08a\uff09\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5417\uff1f\uff08b\uff09\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u200d\u200d\u200d\u200d<\/span>
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\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u8282\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u6548\u201d\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\uff09<\/span>\u53d7\u56e0\u679c\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\u53d7\u8574\u6db5\u6216\u4ea7\u751f\u89c4\u5219\u652f\u914d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u751f\u6210\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u547d\u9898\u7f16\u7801\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\u7801\u5e26\u4e0a\uff1b\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7801\u5e26\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u6a21\u62df<\/strong>\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u63a8\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c4\u7ea6\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u6210\u5206<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5b83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c31\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u7684\u7269\u7406<\/strong>\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6e90\u6cc9\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002[\u8bd1\u6ce87]<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u5efa\u6a21\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u56fe\u5f0f\u4e00<\/span>\uff08\u56fe9\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u793a\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u63a8\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u8ba1\u7b97\u975e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u7c92\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u57fa\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u7eaf\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u65e0\u7ed3\u6784\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4efb\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u5355\u5143\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u5c31\u8db3\u77e3\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u7684\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7cbe\u7075\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002[\u8bd1\u6ce89]\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u7c92\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u4ea4\u6362\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u53ca\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5b83\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5176\u4ed6<\/span>\uff08\u8bed\u4e49\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u8865\u5145\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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5. \u6a21\u62df\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u6839\u636e\u56fe\u7075\u5173\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u63a8\u65ad\u201c\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u7eaf\u5f62\u5f0f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e92\u901a\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b87\u5b99<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u5143\u80de\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u6392\u5217\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u9635\u5217\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u6309\u7167\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9635\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b50\u9635\u5217<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u94fa\u5d4c\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u5176\u8865\u4e0a\u8bf1\u5bfc\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong>\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u589e\u957f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u8fdb \u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9[8]\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684<\/strong>\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u7684<\/strong>\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u63a8\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u80fd\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u79f0\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8003\u8651\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u5730\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u63a8\u5230\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u5371\u9669\u3002\u5371\u9669\u6070\u6070\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u6a21\u62df<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6070\u6070\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5916\u63a8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u62df\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u5374\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u683c\u5916\u8c28\u614e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e6\u53ca\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u652f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5df2<\/span>\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u975e\u8bed\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff1b\u5f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5efa\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u5c06\u8bed\u6cd5\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5305\u4e2d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff09<\/span>\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u5bcc\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] K. G\u00f6del, \u201c\u00dcber formal unentscheidbare s\u00e4tze der principia mathematica und verwandter systeme i,\u201d Monatshefte f\u00fcr Mathematik und Physik, vol. 38, pp. 173\u2013198, 1931.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] A. Turing, \u201cOn computable numbers, with an application to the entscheidungsproblem,\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Proceedings of The London Mathematical Society, vol. 41, pp. 230\u2013265, 1937.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] S. C. Kleene, \u201cIntroduction to metamathematics,\u201d 1952.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] M. Davis, \u201cComputability and unsolvability,\u201d in McGraw-Hill Series in Information Pro- cessing and Computers, 1958.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] R. Rosen, \u201cChurch\u2019s thesis and its relation to the concept of realizability in biology and physics,\u201d The Bulletin of mathematical biophysics, vol. 24, pp. 375\u201393, 1962.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] R. Rosen, \u201cPrinciples of measurement,\u201d 1978.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] J. V. Neumann and A. W. Burks, Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. USA: University of Illinois Press, 1966.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] R. Rosen, \u201cAnticipatory systems,\u201d 1985.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] R. Rosen, \u201cBiology and physics: an essay in natural philosophy,\u201d 1985.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] J. Myhill, \u201cCreative computation revisited,\u201d 1966.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11] M. Arbib, \u201cFrom universal turing machines to self-reproduction,\u201d 1988.<\/span><\/p>\n


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1\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u5373[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

2\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1aMcCulloch, W. and W. Pitts. \u201cA logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity.\u201dBulletin of Mathematical Biology 52 (1943): 99-115.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u5373[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

4\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u201d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8282\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\u70b9\u660e\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u201c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6784\u6210\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u6210\u7acb\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u91cc\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u5728\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1b\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u89e3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8bd1\u8005\u548c\u6821\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u540e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u8574\u6db5\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e00\u63d0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u63a8\u6f14\u3001\u89e3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u8574\u542b\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91cc\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5e76\u7eb3\u5165\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u5355\u4f4d\u5236 2019 \u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5e38\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u505a\u6ce8\u811a\uff0c \u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4f46\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684 7 \u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u548c 7 \u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u96c6\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

7\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7a0d\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u732e\u6709 2007 \u5e74\u7684 Church\u2019s Thesis after 70 Years, edited by A. Olszewski et al. \uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6b64\u6587\u732e\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1b\u5728 StackExchange \u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c1\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1b2019 \u5e74 B. Jack Copeland \u548cOron Shagrir \u5728 CACM \u64b0\u6587 The Church-Turing Thesis: Logical Limit or Breachable Barrier? \u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

8\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u672c\u6bb5\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b58\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c73\u5e0c\u5c14\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u662f 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u53c2\u7167\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

9\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7cbe\u7075\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u4e45\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u7528\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u53bb\u5426\u8bc1\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0cDavid Wolpert \u6709\u7528\u5eb7\u6258\u5c14\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u6cd5\u5219\u53bb\u5426\u8bc1\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10\u6821\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u4e3ainverse meter\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u91cf\u5177\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7269\u5230\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u4f5c\u8005\u751f\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u6570\u5b57\u5230\u5b9e\u7269\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe9 \u5f15\u81ea\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u4e00\uff0c\u56fe10 \u5f15\u81ea\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e24\u56fe\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u76ae\u8328\u548c\u9ea6\u5361\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u5408\u7167\u5f15\u81ea Moreno-D\u00edaz, R. and Arminda Moreno-D\u00edaz. \u201cOn the legacy of W.S. McCulloch.\u201dBio Systems 88 3 (2007): 185-90 .<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u7ea6\u516b\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u96c6\u667a\u5468\u672b\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7814\u8bfb\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 Robert Rosen \u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u300a\u6709\u6548\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u300b\u5199\u5f97\u5f88\u7279\u522b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u4e9b\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f2\u6298\uff0c\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u8bf4\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7279\u522b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4ece 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u957f\u6210\u53c2\u5929\u5927\u6811\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u679d\u7e41\u53f6\u8302\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5176\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5c11\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u5b66\u79d1\u6e90\u5934\u53bb\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u756a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5bcc\u6709\u54f2\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u5e38\u8bfb\u5e38\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u628a McCulloch \u548c Pitts \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e G\u00f6del \u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5217\uff0c \u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u610f\u5473\u9887\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u5192\u6627\u63e3\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u6709\u89c6\u89d2\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u662f AI \u5bd2\u51ac\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u628a McCulloch \u7b49\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u5199\u5165\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u505a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7533\u660e\u7f57\u68ee\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u4e4b\u5904\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u548c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u7740\u56de\u5230\u6e90\u5934\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u4ece 1967 \u5e74E. Mark Gold \u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587Language identification in the limit \u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u652f\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u540e\u7ecfLeslie Valiant \u7684 PAC \u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u578b\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u63d0\u53ca\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c11\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\uff0c1996 \u5e74 R. Lathrop \u5728 ICML \u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86 On the Learnability of the Uncomputable \uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u8868\u660e\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6982\u7387\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u505c\u673a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u843d\u811a\u77f3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff08AIT\uff09\u91cc Chaitin \u5e38\u6570 \u2126 \u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbf\u7740\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u6027\u8fd9\u6761\u5c0f\u5f84\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u7684\u6240\u601d\u6240\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53bb\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u5229\u7528\u96f6\u96f6\u6563\u6563\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7ec8\u4e8e\u628a\u672c\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u96c6\u667a\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u51e0\u4f4d\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6768\u6587\u6ce2\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u8bfb\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u611f\u8c22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2021 \u5e74 5 \u6708<\/span><\/p>\n

\u660e\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97 non-computable. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d4b \u91cf measurement. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898 the measurement problem. 11<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ea7\u751f\u89c4\u5219 production rule. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89c2 \u5bdf observation. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005 observer. 9<\/span><\/p>\n

\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7f16\u7801 G\u00f6del numbering. 8<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516c \u7406 axiom. 6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516c\u7406\u5316 axiomatization. 6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5efa\u6a21\u5173\u7cfb modeling relation. 9<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u590d\u73b0 repeatable. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97 computable. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c experiment in science. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u903b \u8f91 \u5173 \u7cfb logical relation. 7 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406 logical inference. 5 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u903b\u8f91\u5b66 logic. 2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6a21 \u62df simulation. 11<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6a21\u62df\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a analog computer. 13<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6a21\u62df\u8bbe\u5907 analog device. 13<\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d \u9898 proposition. 3, 6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90b1\u5947\u8bba\u9898 Church Thesis. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd Artificial Intelligent. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f6f \u4ef6 software. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b97 \u6cd5 algorithm. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b \u4ef6 event. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217 sequences of event. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u795e \u8c15 oracle. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97 digital computation. 2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a digital computer. 2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a8 \u7406 \u89c4 \u5219 inferential rule. 6 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe \u7075 \u673a Turing machine. 2 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a8\u7406\u94fe\u6761 inferential chain. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b material process. 2 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269 \u8d28 \u4e8b \u4ef6 material event. 4 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf material system. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u8d28\u73b0\u8c61 material phenomena. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f62 \u5f0f formal. 6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316 formalization. 2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba formal theory. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49 formal arithmetic. 6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf formal system. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49 Formalism. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed \u6cd5 syntactics. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219 syntactical rule. 6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879 syntactic term. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb causal relation. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u5e8f\u5217 causal sequence. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8574\u6db5\u5173\u7cfb implication relation. 4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8574\u6db5\u6027\u8d44\u6e90 implicative resource. 10<\/span><\/p>\n

\u786c \u4ef6 hardware. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u6548\u8fc7\u7a0b effective process. 3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed \u4e49 semantics. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9 semantic content. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406 string processing. 5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362\u5668 transducer. 10<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08\u672f\u8bed\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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    <\/span>\u56fe12. \u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5171\u73b0\u4e0e\u805a\u7c7b<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5411\u4e0b\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22<\/span>
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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong>
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