{"id":27527,"date":"2021-07-06T20:24:59","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T12:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27527"},"modified":"2021-07-06T20:24:59","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T12:24:59","slug":"%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e4%ba%862500%e4%b8%87%e7%af%87%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e5%90%8e%ef%bc%8c%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%b0%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e6%ad%a3%e5%9c%a8%e5%8f%98%e5%be%97%e8%b6%8a%e6%9d%a5%e8%b6%8a%e4%bf%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27527","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u6790\u4e862500\u4e07\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u79d1\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4fdd\u5b88"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Dynamics of Disruption in Science and Technology<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2106.11184v1.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u81eaweb of science\u6536\u96c6\u76841945-2010\u5e74\u95f4\u76842500\u4e07\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u30011.59\u4ebf\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1976-2010\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u6536\u96c6\u7684600\u4e07\u9879\u4e13\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca1800\u4e07\u6b21\u4e13\u5229\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u6784\u5efaCD\u6307\u6570\uff08consolidating\/disruptive index\uff09\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u8be5\u503c\u5728-1\u52301\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8d8a\u5927\u8bf4\u660e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u4e94\u5e74\u5185\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u88ab\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f8b\u5982DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9DNA\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5176CD\u6307\u6570\u9ad8\u8fbe0.62\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6539\u8fdb\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u66f4\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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CD \u6307\u6570\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1\uff1a\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u5e73\u5747CD\u6307\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1\u5de6\u56fe\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e13\u5229\u7f51\u7edc\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e14\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e5f\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4f4e\u5782\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u6765\u6bd4\u62df<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u77e5\u90fd\u5df2\u88ab\u524d\u4eba\u627e\u51fa\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u5c06\u5f88\u96be\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u8017\u5c3d\u4e86\u4f4e\u5782\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u66f4\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u975e\u5b66\u79d1\u6216\u5e74\u4efd\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a<\/span>\uff08\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u90fd\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u79d1\u7814\u6587\u732e\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u53c2\u8003[1,2]\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u89c1\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9009\u53d6Nature<\/em>\u3001Science<\/em>\u548cPNAS<\/em>\u4e09\u5219\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u671f\u520a\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u65e9\u57281975\/1980\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cPNAS\u548cNature\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5360\u6bd4\u5c31\u65e9\u65e9\u8eba\u5e73\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9876\u520a\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u520a\u767b\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u56fe\u56db\u53f3\u8fb9\u8bfa\u5956\u4e09\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u578b\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u5e73\u5747\u751a\u81f3\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u4e860\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u3001\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u7ee7\u7eed\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u76ee\u5374\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0<\/strong>\u3002\u56fe5\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u7ea2\u7ebf\u7565\u5fae\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u589e\u957f\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u84dd\u7ebf<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e13\u5229<\/span>\uff08\u53f3\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u9664\u4e86\u84dd\u7ebf\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u66f4\u6709\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u4e3a\u8d1f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u540e\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u603b\u5206\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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       <\/span>\u56fe6\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u768410\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u4e0b\u964d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7531\u4e8e\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5176\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u6807\u9898\u548c\u6458\u8981\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u8bc4\u5206\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u89c1\u56fe7\u548c\u56fe8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9664\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5728\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0b\u964d<\/span>\uff08\u56fe9\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5176\u6b21<\/span>\uff08\u56fe10\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9010\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u662f\u4e13\u7cbe\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8d8b\u52bf<\/span>\uff08\u56fe11\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u662f\u66f4\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u4ee5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u4f46\u4e5f\u66f4\u65e7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u66f4\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe9\uff1a\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e13\u5229\u5f15\u7528\u6240\u5c5e\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe10. \u6bcf\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\/\u4e13\u5229\u5f15\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u51fa\u8bba\u6587\/\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u9010\u5e74\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe11\uff1a\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u8bba\u6587\/\u4e13\u5229\u548c\u5176\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u4e4b\u5dee\u7684\u9010\u5e74\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7531\u4e8eCD\u6307\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u53d1\u8868\u524d\u540e\u5f15\u7528\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0a\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55CD\u6307\u6570\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08\u56fe12\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u518d\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cd\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684CD\u6307\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\u5176\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e13\u5229\u5219\u7565\u6709\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u77e5\u8bc6\u79d1\u7814\u7a81\u7834\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u79d1\u7814\u56e2\u961f\u589e\u5927\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe12 \u901a\u8fc7\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u968f\u673a\u6539\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u8bba\u6587\/\u4e13\u5229\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u79d1\u7814\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u7ec6\u9897\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5e74\u4efd\u9c81\u68d2\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u636e\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e2d\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9488\u5bf9\u7ec6\u5206\u5b66\u79d1\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u548c\u603b\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9006\u98ce\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5177\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u754c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4fc3\u6210\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u521b\u65b0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

Lutz Bornmann, Sitaram Devarakonda, Alexander Tekles, and George Chacko. Are disruption index indicators convergently valid? the comparison of several indicator variants with assessments by peers. Quantitative Science Studies, 1(3):1242\u20131259, 202<\/span><\/p>\n

Loet Leydesdorff, Alexander Tekles, and Lutz Bornmann. A proposal to revise and simplify the disruption indicator. Available at SSRN, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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