{"id":27634,"date":"2021-07-15T14:21:28","date_gmt":"2021-07-15T06:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27634"},"modified":"2021-07-15T14:21:28","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T06:21:28","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e8%b5%b7%e6%ba%90-abiogenesis-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27634","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90 Abiogenesis | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u201c\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u7cbe\u9009\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u4e13\u680f\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u63a8\u9001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u79d1\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u5e0c\u671b\u6253\u9020\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6700\u5168\u9762\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u77e5\u8bc6\u6574\u7406\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u52a0\u5165\uff01
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\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u201c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90 Abiogenesis\u201d\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u6458\u5f55\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6761\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u539f\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\uff08OoL\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u547d\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u5982\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff09\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4ecd\u672a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5047\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u547d\u5b9e\u4f53\u5230\u751f\u547d\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u3001\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5047\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Miller\u2013Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c \u5728\u7b80\u5355\u6c14\u4f53\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5408\u6210\u6709\u673a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\u70ed\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u51b7\u5374\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5c06\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7f6e\u4e8e\u70ed\u68af\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u653e\u7535\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n


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1952\u5e74\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Miller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c Miller\u2013Urey experiment\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65e8\u5728\u590d\u5236\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4ece\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5408\u6210\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95ea\u7535\u548c\u8f90\u5c04\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u201c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u5047\u8bf4\uff09\u5219\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u6240\u9700\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u751f\u6e90\u8bba\u5047\u8bf4 panspermia hypothesis\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4ee5\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u592a\u7a7a\u5c18\u57c3\u548c\u6d41\u661f\u4f53\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u548c\u661f\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d77\u59cb\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5730\u7403\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b55\u80b2\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u662f45.5\u4ebf\u5e74\uff1b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8bc1\u636e\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523035\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u65e9\u81f3\u59cb\u592a\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0836-40\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09\u30022017\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u897f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u76ae\u5c14\u5df4\u62c9\u53e4\u5730\u53f0\u53d1\u73b0\u768434.8\u4ebf\u5c81\u7684\u7845\u534e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u77ff\u85cf\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6e29\u6cc9\u548c\u95f4\u6b47\u6cc9\u9644\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\uff09\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u9646\u5730\u4e0a\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u65e9\u3002\u622a\u81f32017\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e2d37.7\u4ebf\u81f342.8\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6df1\u6d77\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u5185\u7684\u5fae\u5316\u77f3\uff08\u5316\u77f3\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u751f\u547d\u5728\u51a5\u53e4\u5b9944\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u6d77\u6d0b\u5f62\u6210\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u590d\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ed8\u5236\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u4fe1\u606f\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u666f\u89c2\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u53d7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u524d\u5316\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u7269\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/strong>
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u71b5<\/span><\/strong>
<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6069\u57f9\u591a\u514b\u52d2 Empedocles\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7 Aristotle\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u79cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u9ad8\u6e29\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5373\u9690\u542b\u7740\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u5206\u5b50\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u5931\u53bb\u71b5\uff0c\u6216\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002\u5f53\u7269\u8d28\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bernal\u5728 Miller-Urey \u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

it is not enough to explain the formation of such molecules, what is necessary, is a physical-chemical explanation of the origins of these molecules that suggests the presence of suitable sources and sinks for free energy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ec5\u4ec5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4f5c\u51fa\u7269\u7406-\u5316\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6c47\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u70ed\uff08\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u5730\u70ed\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u9633\u5149\u548c\u653e\u7535\uff08\u95ea\u7535\uff09\u7b49\u3002 \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u95ea\u7535\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ec5\u5728\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u5927\u7ea61\u4ebf\u6b21\u7684\u95ea\u7535\u88ad\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u6c34\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u8680\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u7834\u788e\u7684\u6d77\u6d6a\u3001\u6eaa\u6d41\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u6e90\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u94c1\u786b\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u78b3\u56fa\u5b9a\uff08\u78b3\u4ece\u5176\u65e0\u673a\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u94c1\u786b\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u78b3\u56fa\u5b9a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u6027pH\u503c\u548c100C\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6df1\u6d77\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u94c1\u786b\u8868\u9762\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u4ee3\u8c22\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u2022\u54c8\u80af Hermann Haken<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u534f\u540c\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002Hermann Haken\u5728\u5176\u300a\u534f\u540c\u8bba Synergetics\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3e\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6fc0\u5149\u3001\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u6d41\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u5316\u632f\u8361\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u6cdb\u6cdb\u800c\u8c08\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

The spontaneous formation of well organized structures out of germs or even out of chaos is one of the most fascinating phenomena and most challenging problems scientists are confronted with. Such phenomena are an experience of our daily life when we observe the growth of plants and animals. Thinking of much larger time scales, scientists are led into the problems of evolution, and, ultimately, of the origin of living matter. When we try to explain or understand in some sense these extremely complex biological phenomena it is a natural question, whether processes of self-organization may be found in much simpler systems of the unanimated world.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7ec6\u83cc\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4ece\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6765\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f15\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5f15\u5411\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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In recent years it has become more and more evident that there exists numerous examples in physical and chemical systems where well organized spatial, temporal, or spatio-temporal structures arise out of chaotic states. Furthermore, as in living organisms, the functioning of these systems can be maintained only by a flux of energy (and matter) through them. In contrast to man-made machines, which are devised to exhibit special structures and functionings, these structures develop spontaneously\u2014they are selforganizing. …<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u6df7\u6c8c\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u901a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u548c\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u6d41\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u4e0e\u4eba\u9020\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u9020\u673a\u5668\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684…<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u591a\u91cd\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u6709\u673a\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6269\u6563\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u751f\u547d\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u8272\u7d20\u8017\u6563\u6210\u70ed\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u5728\u592a\u9633\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u91cf\u53c8\u50ac\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u8017\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u6d0b\u6d41\u548c\u98ce\u6d41\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9a\u00b7\u666e\u91cc\u6208\u91d11977c Ilya Prigogine 1977c<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c-\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc Ludwig Boltzmann\u9996\u5148\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6597\u4e89\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u5149\u8c31\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71b5\u6709\u5173\u3002Boltzmann\u7531\u6b64\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e49\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u7684\u8017\u6563\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5c14\u6e29\u00b7\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14 Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger\u5728\u5176\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48 What is Life\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86Boltzmann\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u6602\u8428\u683c Lars Onsager\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684Ilya Prigogine\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5e7f\u4e49\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u4e0b\u7269\u8d28\u7684 “\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c1977\u5e74Prigogine\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\uff0c”\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5bf9\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8d21\u732e”\u3002Prigogine\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u52bf\u4e0b\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u71b5\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684 “\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784”\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u5916\u90e8\u5f3a\u52a0\u52bf\u7684\u8017\u6563\uff08\u589e\u5f3a\u5168\u5c40\u71b5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4eceATP\u7684\u751f\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u5230\u4f18\u5316\u7ec6\u83cc\u4ee3\u8c22\u901a\u8def\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h2>\n
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<\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n
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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n
<\/strong>
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u5f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff08\u867d\u7136\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7 James Gould\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Most dictionaries define life as the property that distinguishes the living from the dead, and define dead as being deprived of life. These singularly circular and unsatisfactory definitions give us no clue to what we have in common with protozoans and plants.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b57\u5178\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5b58\u6d3b\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u539f\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u574e\u8d1d\u5c14Neil Campbell\u548c\u7b80\u00b7\u91cc\u65afJane Reece \u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

The phenomenon we call life defies a simple, one-sentence definition.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u53bb\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5361\u65af\u8482 John Casti\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

By more or general consensus nowadays, an entity is considered to be “alive” if it has the capacity to carry out three basic functional activities: metabolism, self-repair, and replication.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u548c\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u514b\u00b7\u8212\u5c14\u8328-\u9a6c\u5e93\u5947 Dirk Schulze-Makuch\u548c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u6b27\u6587 Louis Irwin\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u82b1\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u6b96\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u751f\u5b58\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u9175<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u8c22\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u5faa\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56fe\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u5706\u5708<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u83b1\u5b81\u683c Albert Lehninger\u66fe\u57281970\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7cd6\u9175\u89e3\u5728\u5185\u7684\u53d1\u9175\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e00\u79cd\u5408\u9002\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Since living organisms probably first arose in an atmosphere lacking oxygen, anaerobic fermentation is the simplest and most primitive type of biological mechanism for obtaining energy from nutrient molecules.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5728\u7f3a\u6c27\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6c27\u53d1\u9175\u662f\u4ece\u8425\u517b\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u53d1\u9175\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u7cd6\u9175\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u7cd6\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aATP\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/h4>\n

\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6c27\u5316\u78f7\u9178\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u8026\u5408\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u57281970\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u53d1\u9175\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u6c27\u5316\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u7684\u673a\u5236\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53d1\u9175\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u7c73\u5207\u5c14 Peter Mitchell\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8fdePeter Mitchell\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d1\u9175\u5148\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u636e\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u7684\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u7684\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u90e8\u5206ATP\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u547d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u592a\u9633\u5149\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u6d77\u6d0b\u5e95\u90e8\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7528\u4e8e\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\uff0c\u5c31\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6d77\u6d0b\u8868\u9762\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u8d28\u5b50\u68af\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u4e3aATP\u5408\u6210\u4f9b\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u535a\u8036 Paul Boyer<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

ATP\u7684\u5408\u6210\u673a\u5236\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u6240\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u95ed\u5408\u819c\u3002ATP\u662f\u7531ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u7684F1\u4e9a\u57fa\u901a\u8fc7 Paul Boyer \u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u53d8\u5316\u673a\u5236\u5408\u6210\u7684\u3002\u91ca\u653e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u7ed3\u5408\u7684ATP\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\u81ea\u8de8\u819c\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d28\u5b50\u5728\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7a7f\u8fc7\u819c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

RNA\u4e16\u754c RNA world<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\u55dc\u70ed\u7ec6\u83cc\u6838\u7cd6\u4f5330S\u4e9a\u57fa\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u5355\u4e2aRNA\u94fe\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6a59\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

RNA\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684RNA\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709DNA\u6216\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aRNA\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u4e8eRNA\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230RNA\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c0fRNA\u53ef\u4ee5\u50ac\u5316\u751f\u547d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u56e2\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u8bc1\u636e smoking gun\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u9176\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662fRNA\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u80bd\u952e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b918\u57c3\u4ee5\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4fa7\u94fe\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728 2021 \u5e74 3 \u6708\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb RNA \u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


RNA\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7531\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u91cc\u5947 Alexander Rich\u57281962\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5219\u662f\u7531\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279 Walter Gilbert\u57281986\u5e74\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u57282020\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u6237\u8c37\u53cb\u5219 Tomonori Totani\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u6d3b\u6027RNA\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u540e\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u6811\u57fa\u90e8\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u70ed\u6cc9\u4e2d\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u8d85\u55dc\u70ed\u83cc\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5206\u679d\u56fe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u4ece\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u6c83\u65af Carl Woese \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u90e8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6700\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5355\u7cfb\u57df\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u679d\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u751f\u547d\u6811\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2016\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7ec4355\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148 Last Universal Common Ancestor\uff08LUCA\uff09\u4e2d\u3002\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u6811\u7684610\u4e07\u4e2a\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u86cb\u767d\u7f16\u7801\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece286,514\u4e2a\u86cb\u767d\u7c07\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u4e86355\u4e2a\u86cb\u767d\u7c07\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662fLUCA\u5171\u6709\u7684\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u660eLUCA\u662f\u538c\u6c27\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u3001\u6c22\u6c14\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4e14\u5177\u6709Wood-Ljungdahl\u901a\u8def\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u6c2e\u6c14\u7684\u548c\u55dc\u70ed\u7684\u3002LUCA\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u5145\u65a5\u7740FeS\u7c07\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8f85\u56e0\u5b50\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u9ec4\u7d20\u3001S-\u817a\u82f7\u7532\u786b\u6c28\u9178\u3001\u8f85\u9176A\u3001\u94c1\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u94bc\u8776\u5464\u3001\u67ef\u5549\u73af\u548c\u7852\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u5176\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u9700\u8981\u6838\u82f7\u4fee\u9970\u548cS-\u817a\u82f7\u7532\u786b\u6c28\u9178\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7532\u57fa\u5316”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u5b70\u5148\u5b70\u540e\uff1a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u8fd8\u662f\u6838\u9178\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u524d\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u5408\u6210\u77ed\u80bd\u8f85\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6216\u5f62\u6210RNA\u590d\u5236\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7531RNA\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5269\u4f59\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\u786e\u5b9a\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span>
    <\/p>\n

    \u5c24\u91d1\u00b7\u5e93\u5b81 Eugene Koonin \u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    Despite considerable experimental and theoretical effort, no compelling scenarios currently exist for the origin of replication and translation, the key processes that together comprise the core of biological systems and the apparent pre-requisite of biological evolution. The RNA World concept might offer the best chance for the resolution of this conundrum but so far cannot adequately account for the emergence of an efficient RNA replicase or the translation system. The MWO [“many worlds in one”] version of the cosmological model of eternal inflation could suggest a way out of this conundrum because, in an infinite multiverse with a finite number of distinct macroscopic histories (each repeated an infinite number of times), emergence of even highly complex systems by chance is not just possible but inevitable.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u5236\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u660e\u663e\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002RNA\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u9ad8\u6548RNA\u590d\u5236\u9176\u6216\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002MWO[“\u591a\u4e16\u754c\u5408\u4e00”]\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u91cd\u590d\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5076\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


    <\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u707e\u96be\u6027\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u970d\u592b\u66fc Hoffmann\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u62b5\u5fa1\u66fe\u88ab\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a “\u5965\u683c\u5c14\u6096\u8bba Orgel’s paradox”\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u540c\u624b\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u540c\u624b\u6027\u662f\u6307\u7531\u624b\u6027\u5355\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5747\u5300\u6027\u3002\u624b\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5de6\u624b\u548c\u53f3\u624b\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u624b\u6027\uff08”\u5229\u624b\u6027”\uff09\uff1a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u662f\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u548c\u7cd6\u7c7b\u662f\u53f3\u65cb\u7684\u3002\u624b\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u624b\u6027\u6e90\u6216\u624b\u6027\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u4ee550\/50\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u5916\u6d88\u65cb\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u4ece\u5916\u6d88\u65cb\u8d77\u59cb\u539f\u6599\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u5916\u6d88\u65cb\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u5f31\u7535\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u5706\u504f\u632f\u5149\u3001\u77f3\u82f1\u6676\u4f53\u6216\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5916\u6d88\u65cb\u5408\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        \u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u624b\u6027\u5c06\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u504f\u5dee\uff08\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u8fc7\u91cf\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u653e\u5927\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5982\u5728Soai\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u624b\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u624b\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u6b63\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u8fc7\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u504f\u632f\u5149\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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        <\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u9897\u6052\u661f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5b87\u5b99<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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          <\/p>\n

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            <\/p>\n

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              <\/p>\n

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                <\/p>\n

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                • \n

                  \u665a\u671f\u91cd\u578b\u8f70\u70b8<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u51a5\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u547d\u5c06\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u76f4\u5f84\u8fbe500\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7269\u4f53\u9891\u7e41\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u5728\u649e\u51fb\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6bdb\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u6d77\u6d0b\u6c7d\u5316\uff0c\u70ed\u84b8\u6c7d\u4e0e\u5ca9\u77f3\u84b8\u6c7d\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u8986\u76d6\u5730\u7403\u7684\u9ad8\u7a7a\u4e91\u5c42\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e91\u5c42\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4e91\u5c42\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u4ecd\u4f1a\u5347\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f4e\u6d77\u62d4\u5730\u533a\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u96e8\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u96e8\u6c34\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u5730\u62c9\u4f4e\u4e91\u5c42\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6d77\u6d0b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u649e\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f3000\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  \u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u572842.8\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u523038\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5de8\u884c\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u548c\u5f57\u661f\u5bf9\u6708\u7403\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u884c\u661f\uff08\u6c34\u661f\u3001\u706b\u661f\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u8fd8\u6709\u5730\u7403\u548c\u91d1\u661f\uff09\u7684\u731b\u70c8\u8f70\u51fb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u661f\u7403\u53cd\u590d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6bdb\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u4ece\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u51a5\u53e4\u4ee3\u5730\u7403\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u8981\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5bf9\u9668\u77f3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u534a\u8870\u671f\u4e3a7.17 \u5343\u5e74\u7684\u94dd-26\u548c\u534a\u8870\u671f\u4e3a12.5\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u94be-40\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u6838\u548c\u5730\u5e54\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5206\u9009\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u52a0\u70ed\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5e54\u5bf9\u6d41\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6bd4\u73b0\u5728\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u6784\u9020\u677f\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  \u8fd9\u79cd\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6df1\u6d77\u70ed\u6db2\u73af\u5883\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e9\u572840-42\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5730\u70b9\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u572837-40\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u572835\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u5185\u7684\u665a\u671f\u91cd\u578b\u8f70\u70b8\u4f7f\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u9646\u5730\u6765\u6e90\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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                  <\/span><\/h2>\n
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                  <\/p>\n

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                  <\/section>\n

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                  \u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

                  \n

                  <\/section>\n
                  <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


                  <\/h2>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \u51b0\u5ddd\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u9521\u8036\u7ec4 Siyeh Formation\u7684\u524d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u53e0\u5c42\u77f3\u30022002\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b35\u4ebf\u5c81\u7684\u5ca9\u5c42\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u84dd\u85fb\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  <\/span><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \u9ca8\u9c7c\u6e7e\u4e2d\u7684\u77f3\u7b0b<\/span><\/p>\n


                  \u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e35\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u59cb\u592a\u53e4\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u7194\u5316\u7684\u51a5\u53e4\u5b99\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u5730\u58f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u51dd\u56fa\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bc1\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5317\u90e8\u52aa\u592b\u96c5\u96c6\u56fe\u514b\u7eff\u5ca9\u5e26\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u81f3\u5c1137.7\u4ebf\u5c81\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd42.8\u4ebf\u5c81\u7684\u5e26\u72b6\u94c1\u5c42\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\u751f\u547d\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u5f62\u6210\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u636e\u6089\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e0\u751f\u6e90\u8bba\u59cb\u4e8e\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  \u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u683c\u9675\u5170\u5c9b\u897f\u5357\u90e837\u4ebf\u5c81\u7684\u53d8\u8d28\u6c89\u79ef\u5ca9\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8ddd\u4eca34.8\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7802\u5ca9\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u57ab\u5c42\u5316\u77f3\u3002\u5728\u683c\u9675\u5170\u5c9b\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u4f0a\u82cf\u4e9a\u4e0a\u5730\u58f3\u5e26\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u963f\u57fa\u5229\u4e9a\u5c9b\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523037\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u6e90\u78b3\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20 \u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u82cf\u4e9a\u4e0a\u5730\u58f3\u5e26\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u77f3\u69b4\u77f3\u6676\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u5305\u88f9\u4f53\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u8fde\uff1a\u6c27\u3001\u6c2e\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u78f7\uff0c\u4e3a37\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u5728\u897f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u76ae\u5c14\u5df4\u62c9\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65af\u7279\u96f7\u5229\u6c60\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u77f3\u6ee9\u7684\u542b\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\u7802\u5ca9\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u7ba1\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u30022015\u5e74\u5bf9\u897f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u9506\u77f3\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u81f3\u5c1141\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  <\/p>\n

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                  <\/section>\n

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                  <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
                  \n

                  20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6f14\u53d8\u53f2\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

                  \n

                  <\/section>\n
                  <\/strong>
                  <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


                  <\/p>\n

                  \u6cdb\u79cd\u8bba<\/strong><\/h2>\n

                  \u6cdb\u79cd\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u7531\u6d41\u661f\u4f53\u3001\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u3001\u5f57\u661f\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u6cdb\u79cd\u8bba\u5047\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u8d77\u6e90\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u9897\u884c\u661f\u6216\u5f57\u661f\u4e0a\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5730\u5916\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5f57\u661f\u548c\/\u6216\u9668\u77f3\u649e\u51fb\u5728\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5468\u56f4\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6052\u661f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6cdb\u79cd\u8bba\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u5bf9\u5357\u6781\u6d32\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u706b\u661f\u9668\u77f3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5bf9\u6781\u7aef\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5728\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  2020\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ad9\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6765\u81ea\u5730\u7403\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u5371\u5bb3\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u7684\u8010\u8f90\u5c04\u7403\u83cc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u5b58\u6d3b3\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                  <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n

                    \u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u904d\u5e03\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u65e9\u5728\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u540e1700\u4e07\u5e74\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5b9c\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                    <\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n

                      \u751f\u547d\u4ece\u706b\u661f\u5e26\u5165\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6cdb\u79cd\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u9f50\u9ed8 Carl Zimmer\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u706b\u661f\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u521d\u751f\u6210RNA\u6240\u9700\u7684\u787c\uff0c\u94bc\u548c\u6c27\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5730\u7403\u65e9\u671f\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u706b\u661f\u7684\u9002\u5408\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u540e\u6765\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u661f\u55b7\u5c04\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5730\u7403\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                      <\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • \n

                        19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559\u628a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u7075\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u3002\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230Aristotle\u548c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002”\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u201d\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u89c2\u5ff5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b \u201c\u4f4e\u7b49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5bb3\u866b\u201d\u52a8\u7269\u662f\u7531\u8150\u70c2\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636eAristotle\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u869c\u866b\u4ece\u690d\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u9732\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u82cd\u8747\u4ece\u8150\u70c2\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u4ece\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u5e72\u8349\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u9cc4\u9c7c\u4ece\u8150\u70c2\u7684\u6c89\u6728\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002A related theory was heterogenesis: that some forms of life could arise from different forms (e.g. bees from flowers)\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5f02\u751f\u8bba\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff08\u5982\u871c\u8702\u4ece\u82b1\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5fb7\u65af\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5c14John Desmond Bernal\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                        \u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u30021646\u5e74\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u7235\u58eb Sir Thomas Browne\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u4f2a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u300b\uff08\u526f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u539f\u5219\u548c\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8be2\u95ee\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u201c\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u7f57\u65af Alexander Ross\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u79f0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \n

                        To question this [spontaneous generation], is to question Reason, Sense, and Experience: If he doubts of this, let him go to Egypt, and there he will find the fields swarming with mice begot of the mud of Nile, to the great calamity of the Inhabitants.<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d28\u7591\u7406\u6027\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53bb\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c \u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u7530\u91ce\u91cc\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5c3c\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u6ce5\u571f\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u8001\u9f20\uff0c\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                        <\/p>\n

                        \u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u8303\u00b7\u5217\u6587\u864e\u514b Antonie van Leeuwenhoek<\/span><\/p>\n


                        <\/span><\/p>\n

                        1665\u5e74\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u80e1\u514b Robert Hooke\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u56fe\u753b\u30021676\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u8303\u00b7\u5217\u6587\u864e\u514b Antonie van Leeuwenhoek\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed8\u5236\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u539f\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u6765\u8bf4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u65e0\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3002Van Leeuwenhoek\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8df3\u86a4\u548c\u8671\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u8150\u70c2\u4f5c\u7528\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9752\u86d9\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u7c98\u6db2\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u5bc6\u5c01\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u8089\u5b75\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6606\u866b\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u52301680\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u786e\u4fe1\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                        \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u57281668\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u79d1\u00b7\u96f7\u8fea Francesco Redi\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u963b\u6b62\u82cd\u8747\u4ea7\u5375\u65f6\uff0c\u8089\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u86c6\u866b\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u7b49\u548c\u6613\u89c1\u751f\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u53d1\u751f\u6210\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u201c\u751f\u6e90\u8bba\u201d\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff08\u201comne vivum ex ovo\u201d\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u86cb\u201d\uff09\u30021768\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u624e\u7f57\u00b7\u65af\u5e15\u5170\u624e\u5c3c Lazzaro Spallanzani\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u716e\u6cb8\u6740\u6b7b\u30021861\u5e74\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7 Louis Pasteur\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u771f\u83cc\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u5728\u65e0\u83cc\u3001\u8425\u517b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u57fa\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u5165\u4fb5\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                        <\/span><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \n

                          \u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u8bba\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          <\/p>\n

                          \u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7 Louis Pasteur<\/span><\/p>\n


                          <\/span><\/p>\n

                          <\/p>\n

                          \u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587 Charles Darwin\uff0c1879\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u751f\u6e90\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u3002Pasteur\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281864\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \n

                          Never will the doctrine of spontaneous generation recover from the mortal blow struck by this simple experiment.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u6253\u51fb\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                          \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4ece\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u591a\u6837\u5316\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u800c\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u901a\u8fc7Charles Darwin\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002Darwin\u57281863\u5e74\u7ed9Hooker\u5199\u4fe1\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \n

                          It is mere rubbish, thinking at present of the origin of life; one might as well think of the origin of matter.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u76ee\u524d\u601d\u8003\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u601d\u8003\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                          \u5728\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u751f\u547d\u662f “\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u7684”\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u751f\u547d\u662f\u201c\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2018\u51fa\u73b0\u2019\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u540e\u6094\u4f7f\u7528\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u521b\u9020\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u751f\u6e90\u8bba\uff08\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\uff09\u548c\u975e\u751f\u6e90\u8bba\uff08\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\uff09\u7684\u8bcd\u6e90\u5b66<\/span><\/h4>\n

                          \u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u4e00\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89 Henry Bastian\u6216\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece Thomas Huxley\u3002Bastian\u5927\u7ea6\u57281869\u5e74\u4e0e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5ef7\u5fb7\u5c14John Tyndall\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u672a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u751f\u547d-\u8d77\u6e90\u6216\u5f00\u59cb\u201d\u30021870\u5e74\uff0cHuxley\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f1a\u7684\u65b0\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90 Biogenesis and Abiogenesis\u300b\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u201d\uff08\u4e0eBastian\u7684\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u53cd\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u603b\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4ece\u4eca\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u8ba4\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u548c\u88ab\u9a73\u65a5\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6211\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8282\u7701\u5468\u6298\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff1b\u800c\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4–\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4ea7\u751f–\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u8bba Abiogenesis\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5728Bastian1871\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6700\u4f4e\u7ea7\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6a21\u5f0f The Modes of Origin of Lowest Organisms\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0cBastian\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0eHuxley\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u672f\u8bed “\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u751f “\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4f5c\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u6700\u521d\u5728\u672a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86 “\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90 “\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u540c\u6837\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6216\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e00\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Huxley\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u201c\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u6700\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u6700\u8fd1\u516c\u5f00\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6211\u56e0\u6b64\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528 “\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90 “\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u521a\u624d\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u91c7\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6307\u5b9a\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c’\u6f14\u5316\u6027\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90’\u662f\u6307\u7269\u8d28\u4ece\u60f0\u6027\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u751f\u547d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          <\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u5965\u5e15\u6797 Oparin\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u6c64\u5047\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

                          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bf4\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bf4\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u5965\u5e15\u6797Alexander Oparin(1924\u5e74)\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u5c14\u4e39John Haldane(1925\u5e74)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5373\u6784\u6210\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          Oparin\u548cHaldane\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7532\u70f7(CH4)\u3001\u6c28(NH3)\u3001\u6c34(H2O)\u3001\u786b\u5316\u6c22(H2S\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3(CO2)\u6216\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3(CO)\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u76d0(PO43\u2212)\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u6c27(O2)\u548c\u81ed\u6c27(O3)\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u6839\u636e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u51a5\u53e4\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6c2e\u6c14(N2)\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3001\u6c22\u6c14(H2)\u548c\u786b\u78fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5206\u5b50\u6c27\u548c\u81ed\u6c27\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cfOparin\u548cHaldane\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5177\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u76f4\u52301924\u5e74\uff0c\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u5047\u8bf4\uff0cOparin\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6784\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90 The Origin of Life\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa(\u4e0eDarwin\u76f8\u547c\u5e94)\uff0c\u88abPasteur\u62a8\u51fb\u7684 “\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f”\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6d88\u8017\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3002Oparin\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u65e0\u6c27\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u592a\u9633\u5149\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684 “\u539f\u59cb\u6c64”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5f62\u6210\u51dd\u805a\u7684\u6db2\u6ef4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6db2\u6ef4\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6db2\u6ef4\u7684\u878d\u5408\u800c”\u751f\u957f”\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u88c2\u53d8”\u7e41\u6b96”\u6210\u5b50\u6db2\u6ef4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb “\u7ec6\u80de\u5b8c\u6574\u6027”\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5f97\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5219\u4f1a\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5Oparin\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0cHaldane\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u6d77\u6d0b\uff08\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u6d77\u6d0b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd “\u70ed\u7a00\u6c64”\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u3002Bernal\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u7269\u521b\u5efa\u201d\u6216\u201c\u751f\u7269\u521b\u9020\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4ece\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u4f46\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u521b\u5efa\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u95f4\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                          \u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u590f\u76ae\u7f57 Robert Shapiro\u5c06Oparin\u548cHaldane\u7684 “\u539f\u59cb\u6c64”\u7406\u8bba\u7684 “\u6210\u719f\u5f62\u6001 “\u603b\u7ed3\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. \n
                            \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5730\u7403\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                          2. \n
                            \u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08”\u5355\u8d28”\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                          3. \n
                            \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u79ef\u805a\u5728 “\u6c64 “\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff08\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u55b7\u53e3\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                          4. \n
                            \u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u805a\u5408\u7269–\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u6c64\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            <\/section>\n

                            \u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5c14<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                            John Bernal \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u673a\u524d\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u5b50\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cOparin\u3001Haldane\u3001Bernal\u3001Miller\u548cUrey\u6240\u6301\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u5408\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                            Bernal\u57281949\u5e74\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u7269\u521b\u5efa\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u30021967\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a “\u9636\u6bb5 “\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
                              \n
                            1. \n
                              \u751f\u7269\u5355\u4f53\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                            2. \n
                              \u751f\u7269\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                            3. \n
                              \u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              Bernal\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u59cb\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002Bernal\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u8d28\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b54\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u751f\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                              <\/section>\n

                              Miller\u2013Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                              <\/section>\n

                              <\/section>\n
                              \u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2 Stanley Miller<\/span><\/section>\n

                              <\/span><\/section>\n
                              \u201c\u6c64 \u201d\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u652f\u6301\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u57281952\u5e74\u3002Stanley Miller\u548cHarold Urey\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3cOparin-Haldane\u5047\u8bf4\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u65e0\u673a\u524d\u4f53\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684Miller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53–\u7532\u70f7\u3001\u6c28\u3001\u6c22\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u2014\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5355\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5c06\u7535\u706b\u82b1\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7ea6\u670910%\u81f315%\u7684\u78b3\u4ee5\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5916\u6d88\u65cb\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u800c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u6784\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a “\u6c64 “\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u6b63\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u4e24\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                              2011\u5e74\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u76ee\u524d\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5bf9Miller\u548cUrey\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u542b\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u74f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6bd420\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u521d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u751f\u5316\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u662f23\u79cd\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u539f\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u76845\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


                              <\/span><\/h2>\n
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                              <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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                              \u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8d77\u6e90\uff1a\u5316\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

                              \n

                              <\/section>\n
                              <\/strong>
                              <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


                              <\/p>\n

                              \u751f\u7269\u524d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u3002\u9664\u6c22\u548c\u6c26\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6052\u661f\u6838\u5408\u6210\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206–\u78b3\u6c22\u5206\u5b50\uff08CH\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u6b21\u7532\u57fa\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\uff09\u3001\u78b3\u6c22\u6b63\u79bb\u5b50\uff08CH+\uff09\u548c\u78b3\u79bb\u5b50\uff08C+\uff09–\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6052\u661f\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u6765\u81ea\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u6052\u661f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8f90\u5c04\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u548c\u884c\u661f\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/span>
                              <\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. \n
                                \u5730\u7403\u8d77\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u649e\u51fb\u51b2\u51fb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90(\u5982\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u8026\u5408\u6216\u653e\u7535\uff1b\u5982\uff0cMiller\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c)\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                              2. \n
                                \u5730\u5916\u8d77\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u661f\u9645\u5c18\u57c3\u4e91\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c18\u57c3\u4e91\u964d\u5230\u884c\u661f\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                <\/section>\n

                                \u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5916\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                \u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u6307\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u6c14\u6001\u3001\u6db2\u6001\u6216\u56fa\u6001\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5458\u3002\u6309\u8d28\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u78b3\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u6c22\u3001\u6c26\u548c\u6c27\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u5927\u4e30\u5bcc\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u78b3\u5728\u592a\u9633\u3001\u6052\u661f\u3001\u5f57\u661f\u548c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u884c\u661f\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u4e2d\u542b\u91cf\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5206\u5b50\u4e91\u548c\u73af\u661f\u5305\u5c42\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 “\u590d\u6742\u5206\u5b50\u5408\u6210\u5de5\u5382”\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7535\u79bb\u8f90\u5c04\u5f15\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u592a\u9633\u5468\u56f4\u539f\u884c\u661f\u76d8\u7684\u5c18\u7c92\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u884c\u661f\u7684\u6052\u661f\u5468\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


                                <\/p>\n


                                <\/section>\n
                                  \n
                                • \n

                                  \u6c28\u57fa\u9178<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                  \u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40\u57282009\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u5f57\u661f\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5316\u5b66\u6784\u4ef6–\u7518\u6c28\u9178\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u57282004\u5e74\u4ece\u8352\u91ce2\u53f7\u5f57\u661f\u55b7\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40\u7684 “\u661f\u5c18 “\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u6293\u53d6\u3002\u7518\u6c28\u9178\u6b64\u524d\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u9668\u77f3\u4e2d\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40\u5929\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u76ae\u5c14\u5f7bCarl Pilcher\u8bf4:<\/span><\/section>\n
                                  \n
                                  The discovery of glycine in a comet supports the idea that the fundamental building blocks of life are prevalent in space, and strengthens the argument that life in the universe may be common rather than rare.<\/span><\/section>\n
                                  \u5728\u4e00\u9897\u5f57\u661f\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7518\u6c28\u9178\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u6784\u4ef6\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u800c\u975e\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
                                  \u5f57\u661f\u5916\u5c42\u5305\u88f9\u7740\u6df1\u8272\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7126\u6cb9\u72b6\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u7531\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u78b3\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7535\u79bb\u8f90\u5c04\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5f57\u661f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u96e8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u5e26\u5230\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u5916\u661f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5f57\u661f\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u7403\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u665a\u671f\u91cd\u578b\u8f70\u70b8\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9668\u77f3\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u5411\u5730\u7403\u8f93\u9001\u591a\u8fbe500\u4e07\u5428\u7684\u6709\u673a\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                  <\/section>\n
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                                  • \n

                                    \u591a\u73af\u82b3\u70c3\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    \u591a\u73af\u82b3\u70c3 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon\uff08PAH\uff09\u662f\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u3001\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u6d77\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u5206\u30022010 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u661f\u4e91\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u591a\u73af\u82b3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
                                    <\/section>\n
                                    \u8be5\u732b\u638c\u661f\u4e91\u4f4d\u4e8e\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5185\u5e76\u4f4d\u4e8e\u661f\u5ea7 \u5929\u874e\u5ea7\u3002\u7eff\u8272\u533a\u57df\u8868\u793a\u6765\u81ea\u70ed\u661f\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u4e0e\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u591a\u73af\u82b3\u70c3\u201d\uff08PAHs\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u5c18\u57c3\u78b0\u649e\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53d1\u8367\u5149\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\uff08\u65af\u76ae\u7b56\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                    <\/section>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n

                                      \u6838\u9178\u78b1\u57fa<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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                                      <\/section>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n

                                        \u7cd6-\u7f9f\u4e59\u919b<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        <\/section>\n
                                        \u5728\u661f\u5c18\u4e2d\u7f9f\u4e59\u9187\u919b\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/section>\n

                                        <\/section>\n
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                                        <\/section>\n
                                          \n
                                        • \n

                                          \u591a\u805a\u78f7\u9178\u76d0<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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                                          \u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u884c\u661f\u8868\u9762\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u751f\u4ea7\u6700\u7ec8\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6210\u5206\u6e05\u5355\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                          2019\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u9668\u77f3\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u6838\u7cd6\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u4e0a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u7269\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4ee5DNA\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e4b\u524d\u7684RNA\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u6cdb\u79cd\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                          <\/section>\n

                                          \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                          \u65e9\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u78b3\u6e90\u4e0e\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                          <\/section>\n
                                            \n
                                          • \n

                                            \u798f\u514b\u65af\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                            \u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0Bernal\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u9636\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u00b7\u798f\u514b\u65afSidney Fox\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5386\u53f2\u65e9\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u80bd\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5c0f\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u94fe\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba9\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5728\u524d\u751f\u7269\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u50cf\u5728\u6e29\u6696\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6405\u62cc\u4e00\u6837\u53d8\u5e72\u71e5\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cFox\u4ece\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u70ec\u9525\u72b6\u7269\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u706b\u5c71\u6750\u6599\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u70ec\u9525\u72b6\u7269\u8868\u9762\u4e0b4\u82f1\u5bf8\uff08100\u6beb\u7c73\uff09\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86100 C\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u73af\u5883–\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u677e\u6563\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u88ab\u51b2\u5165\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e00\u5757\u5757\u7684\u7194\u5ca9\u653e\u5728\u7531\u7532\u70f7\u3001\u6c28\u548c\u6c34\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u706d\u83cc\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7194\u5ca9\u653e\u5728\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u7089\u4e2d\u70d8\u70e4\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u68d5\u8272\u7684\u7c98\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5f53\u628a\u7194\u5ca9\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728\u6d88\u6bd2\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u6d53\u7a20\u7684\u68d5\u8272\u6db2\u4f53\u6e17\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e72\u71e5\uff0c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u957f\u957f\u7684\u3001\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u4ea4\u8054\u7684\u3001\u7ebf\u72b6\u7684\u3001\u4e9a\u663e\u5fae\u7684\u591a\u80bd\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                            <\/section>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \n

                                              \u7cd6\u7c7bSugars<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                              \u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e03\u5217\u7279\u6d1b\u592bButlerov\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c(\u7532\u919b\u805a\u7cd6\u53cd\u5e94)\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u7532\u919b\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e0e\u9499\u7b49\u4e8c\u4ef7\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u56db\u7cd6\u3001\u4e94\u7cd6\u548c\u516d\u7cd6\u30021959\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u6d1b Breslow\u5bf9\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                              <\/section>\n
                                                \n
                                              • \n

                                                \u6838\u9178\u78b1\u57fa<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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                                                  \n
                                                • \n

                                                  \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u63a2\u5bfb\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u524d\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\u6240\u9700\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u6599\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u548c\u91cf***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  \u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u9646\u5730\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u5347\u6e29\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u7531\u6c34\u548c\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\uff08HCN\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u7684\u524d\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u8fc7\u6c34\u7684\u84b8\u53d1\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u867d\u7136HCN\u662f\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u9700\u6c27\u751f\u7269\uff08\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u548c\u9700\u6c27\u7ec6\u83cc\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7518\u6c28\u9178\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                  <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  2015\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9668\u77f3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5627\u5576\u7b49\u8d77\u59cb\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u590d\u6742DNA\u548cRNA\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\u3001\u80de\u5627\u5576\u548c\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\u3002\u5627\u5576\u548c\u591a\u73af\u82b3\u70c3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u5bcc\u542b\u78b3\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u7ea2\u5de8\u661f\u4e2d\u6216\u661f\u9645\u5c18\u57c3\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u4e91\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u7ec4\u6377\u514b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u56db\u79cdRNA\u78b1\u57fa\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u5982\u5730\u5916\u649e\u51fb\u7b49\u9ad8\u80fd\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7531\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5408\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/section>\n
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                                                  • \n

                                                    \u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6e29<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                    1961\u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u6838\u9178\u560c\u5464\u78b1\u57fa\u817a\u560c\u5464\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u70ed\u6c30\u5316\u94f5\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                    <\/span><\/section>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • \n

                                                      \u5728Miller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6c14\u4f53t<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                      \u5728Miller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\uff0c\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u6c22\u6c14\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u6c27\u6c14\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d2b\u4e4f\uff08\u5982CH4\u548cNH3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fCO2 \u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\uff08NO2\uff09\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u8bc6\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5f31\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u6216\u4e2d\u6027\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\u6c27\u6c14\u707e\u96be\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u94c1\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u77ff\u7269\uff08\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53c8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u548c\u6df1\u6d77\u70ed\u55b7\u53e3\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5916\u5c42\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u6df1\u6d77\u70ed\u55b7\u53e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                      <\/span><\/section>\n
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                                                      • \n

                                                        \u57fa\u4e8e\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u5408\u6210<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                        \u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8428\u745f\u5170 John Sutherland \u7b49\u4eba\u57282015\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04\u7684\u6c34\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\u548c\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548c\u8102\u7c7b\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caRNA\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7528 “\u6c30\u57fa\u786b\u5316\u7269 “\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                          \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5408\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                          \u5728”\u6c64”\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u975e\u751f\u7269\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6709\u673a\u5355\u4f53\u5916\uff0c\u5728Miller-Urey\u548c\u743c\u00b7\u5965\u7f57 Joan Or\u00f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u7981\u6b62\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMiller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u6216\u7ec8\u6b62\u5176\u5076\u8054\u6210\u80bd\u94fe\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                          \u81ea\u50ac\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                          \u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u662f\u6307\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f “\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u5668”\u3002\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u5316\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4ea7\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5c06\u524d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u4eec\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u7531\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4ea7\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u6765\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u524d\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6709\u673a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4e5f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u677f\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u80f6\u675f\u548c\u56ca\u6ce1\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u518d\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                          \u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af Richard Dawkins\u57282004\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6545\u4e8b The Ancestor’s Tale\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0cDawkins\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6731\u5229\u53f6\u65af\u00b7\u96f7\u8d1d\u514b Julius Rebek\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u6c28\u57fa\u817a\u82f7\u548c\u4e94\u6c1f\u82ef\u57fa\u916f\u4e0e\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6c28\u57fa\u817a\u82f7\u4e09\u9178\u916f\uff08AATE\uff09\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u7269\u662fAATE\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5177\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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                                                          \u80f6\u56ca\u5316\uff1a\u5f62\u6001\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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                                                          \u65e0\u819c\u80f6\u56ca\u5316<\/span><\/strong>
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                                                            \u65e0\u819c\u805a\u916f\u6db2\u6ef4<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                            \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6258\u5c3c\u00b7\u8d3e Tony Jia\u548c\u5e93\u7f55\u00b7\u5c1a\u5fb7\u5415 Kuhan Chandru\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u819c\u805a\u916f\u6db2\u6ef4\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7684 “\u6df7\u4e71 “\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\u6db2\u6ef4\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8102\u8d28\u5c0f\u6ce1\u9769\u65b0\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7ec6\u80de\u5316\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u805a\u916f\u6db2\u6ef4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\uff0c\u6db2\u6ef4\u5185\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u529f\u80fd\u548cRNA\u529f\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u6db2\u6ef4\u5177\u6709\u652f\u67b6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u8102\u8d28\u5728\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                            \u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u5fae\u7403\u4f53<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                            Fox\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u5408\u6210\u7684\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u5fae\u7403\u4f53\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                            \u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7ec4\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u5c0f\u7403\uff0c\u798f\u514b\u65af\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a “\u5fae\u7403\u4f53”\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u5757\u548c\u94fe\u5b50\u8ba9\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u84dd\u85fb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u6838\u9178\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u79d1\u6797\u00b7\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u987f Colin Pittendrigh\u57281967\u5e74\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5c06\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5929\u771f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                            \u8102\u8d28\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                            \u8102\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u7c7b\u8102\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u78f7\u8102\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6405\u62cc\u65f6\u5f62\u6210\u8102\u8d28\u53cc\u5c42–\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4eb2\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u957f\u94fe\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u819c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8102\u8d28\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u81a8\u80c0\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u63d2\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8102\u8d28\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81a8\u80c0\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u540e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8102\u8d28\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u8102\u8d28\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5982RNA\u6216DNA\u7b49\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u5730\u50a8\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u4e24\u4eb2\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e24\u79cd\u4e24\u4eb2\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                            <\/section>\n
                                                            \u5728\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u4eb2\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u53cc\u5c42\u819c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e24\u4eb2\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u6392\u5217\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u819c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6392\u5217\u5c06\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6784\u6210\uff0c \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u819c\u4f4d\u70b9\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f4d\u70b9\/\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5b50\u56ca\u6ce1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                            <\/section>\n
                                                            \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u819c\u4f4d\u70b9\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5bf9\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9057\u4f20\u6027\uff1f***<\/span><\/section>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                            <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                            \u78f7\u8102\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8102\u8d28\u4f53\uff08\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u53cc\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u80f6\u675f\u548c\u53cc\u5c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u81ea\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u7403\u5f62\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u88ab\u63d0\u8bae\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8e0f\u811a\u77f3\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9996\u5148\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u8d21\u732e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            \u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u56ca\u6ce1\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u5b87\u5b99\u5411\u71b5\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7136\u4f46\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u754c\u6765\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u827e\u7433\u00b7\u9648 Irene Chen\u548c\u7ecd\u65af\u5854\u514b Szostak\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7e41\u6b96\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u50a8\u5b58\u3002\u819c\u4e0e\u5305\u88f9\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u590d\u5236\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u819c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5c06\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u819c\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ea4\u8054\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u751a\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5177\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u80f6\u56ca\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u819c\u5185\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4f46\u9632\u6b62\u5927\u7269\u8d28\u7a7f\u8fc7\u819c\u3002\u80f6\u56ca\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5305\u62ec\u80f6\u56ca\u5185\u6240\u542b\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u50a8\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u8ba8\u8bba***\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80f6\u56ca\u5185\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5462\uff1f***<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            \u5965\u65af\u7eb3\u5e03\u5415\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7a46\u5c14\u57fa\u8d3e\u5c3c\u5b89 Mulkidjanian\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u98792012\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u51b7\u51dd\u548c\u51b7\u5374\u7684\u5730\u70ed\u84b8\u6c7d\u7684\u5185\u9646\u6c60\u5177\u6709\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u57282002\u5e74\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u80f6\u675f\uff08\u8102\u8d28\u7403\uff09\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u8499\u8131\u77f3\u7c98\u571f\uff0c\u7c98\u571f\u5c06\u56ca\u6ce1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86100\u500d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8131\u6c34\u548c\u8865\u6c34\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06RNA\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u56f0\u5728\u4e86\u6e29\u6cc9\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u6de1\u6c34\u4e2d\u8102\u8d28\u6ce1\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                            \u5e03\u9c81\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u9ed8 Bruce Damer\u548c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u8fea\u9ed8 David Deamer\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u54b8\u54b8\u7684\u6d77\u6c34\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u6de1\u6c34\u3002\u5728\u5927\u9646\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u9646\u5730\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u706b\u5c71\u5c9b\uff0c\u96e8\u6c34\u4f1a\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f62\u6210\u6c60\u5858\uff0c\u8102\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f62\u6210\u8d70\u5411\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u6b63\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7684\u819c\u4f1a\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u6f0f\u51fa\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u771f\u7ec6\u80de\u8fdb\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u624d\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u9002\u5e94\u8f83\u54b8\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u6d77\u6d0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u7531RNA\u7c7b\u751f\u5316\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                            \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u6a21\u578b\u662fJeewanu\u30021963\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u7531\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5728\u9633\u5149\u4e0b\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u534a\u900f\u819c\u3001\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u3001\u78f7\u8102\u3001\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548cRNA\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cJeewanu \u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7279\u6027\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u6f84\u6e05\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            \u7531\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a7\u4e2a\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u77ed\u80bd\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9759\u7535\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06RNA\u9644\u7740\u5728\u56ca\u819c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u672c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                            \u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01 William Martin\u548c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u585e\u5c14 Michael Russell\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \n

                                                            . . . that life evolved in structured iron monosulphide precipitates in a seepage site hydrothermal mound at a redox, pH, and temperature gradient between sulphide-rich hydrothermal fluid and iron(II)-containing waters of the Hadean ocean floor. The naturally arising, three-dimensional compartmentation observed within fossilized seepage-site metal sulphide precipitates indicates that these inorganic compartments were the precursors of cell walls and membranes found in free-living prokaryotes. The known capability of FeS and NiS to catalyze the synthesis of the acetyl-methylsulphide from carbon monoxide and methylsulphide, constituents of hydrothermal fluid, indicates that pre-biotic syntheses occurred at the inner surfaces of these metal-sulphide-walled compartments,…”<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            ……\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e17\u6d41\u70b9\u70ed\u6db2\u4e18\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4e00\u786b\u5316\u94c1\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u3001pH\u503c\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5bcc\u542b\u786b\u5316\u7269\u7684\u70ed\u6db2\u548c\u51a5\u53e4\u4ee3\u6d0b\u5e95\u7684\u542b\u94c1(II)\u6c34\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6e17\u900f\u70b9\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u5206\u9694\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u673a\u5206\u9694\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u58c1\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u5df2\u77e5FeS\u548cNiS\u80fd\u591f\u50ac\u5316\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u7532\u57fa\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff08\u70ed\u6db2\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff09\u5408\u6210\u4e59\u9170-\u7532\u57fa\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u58c1\u9694\u5ba4\u7684\u5185\u8868\u9762\uff0c……”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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                                                            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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                                                            \u76f8\u5173\u5730\u8d28\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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                                                            <\/section>\n
                                                            <\/strong>
                                                            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            Darwin\u7684\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858<\/span><\/strong>
                                                            <\/h3>\n

                                                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u5728\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u5bbe\u585e Herbert Spencer 1864-1867\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u539f\u7406 Principles of Biology\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u30021879\u5e74\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u7279\u7eb3\u00b7\u5e0c\u585e\u5c14\u987f-\u4ee3\u5c14 William Turner Thiselton-Dyer\u5728\u8bba\u6587”\u8bba\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u548c\u6f14\u5316”\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u30021871\u5e742\u67081\u65e5\uff0cCharles Darwin\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u80e1\u514b Joseph Hooker\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u521d\u706b\u82b1\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u59cb\u4e8e<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \n

                                                            warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, light, heat, electricity, &c., present, that a proteine compound was chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u6e29\u6696\u7684\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5404\u79cd\u6c28\u548c\u78f7\u76d0\uff0c\u5149\u3001\u70ed\u3001\u7535\u7b49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                                                            \u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \n

                                                            at the present day such matter would be instantly devoured or absorbed, which would not have been the case before living creatures were formed.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u88ab\u7acb\u5373\u541e\u566c\u6216\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                                                            \n

                                                            It is often said that all the conditions for the first production of a living organism are now present, which could ever have been present. But if (and oh! what a big if!) we could conceive in some warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, light, heat, electricity, &c., present, that a proteine compound was chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes, at the present day such matter would be instantly devoured or absorbed, which would not have been the case before living creatures were formed.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u672c\u6765\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\uff08\u54e6\uff01\u591a\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u5982\u679c\u554a\uff01\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6c28\u548c\u78f7\u76d0\u3001\u5149\u3001\u70ed\u3001\u7535\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5316\u5408\u7269\u88ab\u5316\u5b66\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u541e\u566c\u6216\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u2014 Darwin, 1 February 1871 \u2014\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff0c1871\u5e742\u67081\u65e5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


                                                            2017\u5e74\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5f62\u6210\u540e\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aRNA\u5206\u5b50\u4ece”\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858”\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u6d45\u5c42\u6216\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u6e29\u6cc9\u548c\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                            \u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u5e03\u52b3\u6cfd\u5c14 Martin Brazier\u66fe\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5fae\u4f53\u5316\u77f3\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7532\u70f7\u3001\u6c28\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u7b49\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c14\u4f53\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u751f\u547d\u6811\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u55dc\u70ed\u548c\u55dc\u9ad8\u6e29\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u6839\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u6df1\u6d77\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u6df1\u6d77\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u6216\u6d77\u5e95\u9ed1\u70df\u67f1<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            <\/p>\n

                                                            \u6df1\u6d77\u55b7\u53e3\u6216\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u59cb\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e95\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\uff0cMartin\u548cRussell\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \n

                                                            life evolved in structured iron monosulphide precipitates in a seepage site hydrothermal mound at a redox, pH, and temperature gradient between sulphide-rich hydrothermal fluid and iron(II)-containing waters of the Hadean ocean floor. The naturally arising, three-dimensional compartmentation observed within fossilized seepage-site metal sulphide precipitates indicates that these inorganic compartments were the precursors of cell walls and membranes found in free-living prokaryotes. The known capability of FeS and NiS to catalyze the synthesis of the acetyl-methylsulphide from carbon monoxide and methylsulphide, constituents of hydrothermal fluid, indicates that pre-biotic syntheses occurred at the inner surfaces of these metal-sulphide-walled compartments,…<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \u751f\u547d\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e17\u6d41\u70b9\u70ed\u6db2\u4e18\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4e00\u786b\u5316\u94c1\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u3001pH\u503c\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5bcc\u542b\u786b\u5316\u7269\u7684\u70ed\u6db2\u548c\u51a5\u53e4\u4ee3\u6d0b\u5e95\u7684\u542b\u94c1(II)\u6c34\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6e17\u6d41\u70b9\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u5206\u9694\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u673a\u5206\u9694\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u58c1\u548c\u819c\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u3002\u5df2\u77e5FeS\u548cNiS\u80fd\u591f\u50ac\u5316\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u7532\u57fa\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff08\u70ed\u6db2\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff09\u5408\u6210\u4e59\u9170-\u7532\u57fa\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u58c1\u9694\u5ba4\u7684\u5185\u8868\u9762\uff0c…<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                                                            \u8fd9\u4e9b\u55b7\u53e3\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e95\u5bcc\u6c22\u6db2\u4f53\u6e17\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u9541\u94c1\u8d28\u6a44\u6984\u77f3\u4e0e\u6d77\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u86c7\u7eb9\u77f3\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5bcc\u542b\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u6d77\u6c34\u7684pH\u503c\u754c\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u55b7\u53e3\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u4f9b\u4f53\uff08\u5206\u5b50\u6c22\uff09\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u53d7\u4f53\uff08\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u89c1<\/span>\u94c1-\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u653e\u70ed\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002
                                                            <\/span><\/p>\n


                                                            Russell\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\u55b7\u53e3\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\uff08PMF\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u751f\u547d\u5b75\u5316\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u9694\u95f4”\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5929\u7136\u624b\u6bb5”\uff0c\u7531\u94c1\u786b\u77ff\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u9a6c\u57fa\u8bfa\u77ff\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77ff\u7269\u5c0f\u5ba4\u4ee5\u91d1\u7279\u00b7\u6c83\u7279\u8096\u6cfd G\u00fcnter W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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                                                            1. \n
                                                              \u7531\u6d53\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6269\u6563\u529b–\u5305\u62ec\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ece\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u5411\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                            2. \n
                                                              \u7535\u4f4d\u68af\u5ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9759\u7535\u529b–\u8d28\u5b50H+\u7b49\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u987a\u7740\u7535\u4f4d\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                              \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u68af\u5ea6\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u8d28\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u538b\u8de8\u819c\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u8d28\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u548c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff09\u6240\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u52bf\u80fd\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              Szostak\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u5806\u79ef\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6e56\u6cca\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u70ed\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u30022010\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u683c\u7eb3\u7279\u00b7\u4f0a\u683c\u7eb3\u6258\u592b Ignat Ignatov\u548c\u5965\u5217\u683c\u00b7\u83ab\u8f9bOleg Mosin\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u6d77\u6c34\u548c\u70ed\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7684\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u70ed\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u3002\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u76d0\u548c\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u70ed\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u5177\u6709\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u70ed\u6c34\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u76d0\u548c\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c34\u7684pH\u503c\u4e3a9-11\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6d77\u6c34\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6885\u5c14\u6587\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u6587 Melvin Calvin\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u540e\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728pH\u503c\u4e3a9-11\u7684\u539f\u751f\u6c34\u7403\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5728\u591a\u80bd\u548c\u6838\u9178\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u8131\u6c34-\u7f29\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5982\u6c22\u6c30\u9178\uff08HCN\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728Miller\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u53e0\u5c42\u77f3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8499\u5927\u62ff\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u6c83\u5fb7 David Ward\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9ec4\u77f3\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u70ed\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u53e0\u5c42\u77f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u53e0\u5c42\u77f3\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u70ed\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u4e2d\u548c\u9760\u8fd1\u706b\u5c71\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5728\u70ed\u77ff\u6cc9\u6c34\u7684\u95f4\u6b47\u6cc9\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6d77\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u30022011\u5e74\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684Tadashi Sugawara\u5728\u70ed\u6c34\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u751f\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5efa\u6a21\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u5185\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u9897\u7c92\u8868\u9762\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9176\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u7532\u9187\uff08CH3OH\uff09\u548c\u7532\u9178\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u548c\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              Martin\u57282016\u5e74\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3,\u5730\u58f3\u4e2d\u7531\u5ca9\u77f3-\u6c34\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u81ea\u53d1\u5316\u5b66\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u7cfb\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56H2\u7684\u81ea\u517b\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528CO2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a5\u53d7\u4f53\u3002Martin\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0cLUCA “\u53ef\u80fd\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u55b7\u53e3\u7684\u5730\u70ed\u80fd\u800c\u751f\u5b58”\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              <\/section>\n

                                                              \u706b\u5c71\u5c9b\u6216\u539f\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u6c60<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                              Mulkidjanian\u548c\u5176\u5408\u8457\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u73af\u5883\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548c\u6838\u9176\u6240\u9700\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fK+\/Na+\u6bd4\u7387\u3001Mn2+\u3001Zn2+\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u9700\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u662f\u5728\u7531\u84b8\u6c7d\u55b7\u53e3\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7684\u9646\u5730\u70ed\u6db2\u6c60\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u77ff\u85cf\u5728\u7f3a\u6c27\u5927\u6c14\u4e0b\u4f1a\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684pH\u503c\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u542b\u6c27\u5927\u6c14\u4e0b\u7684\u6c60\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u80fd\u963b\u6321\u6709\u5bb3\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u786b\u5316\u7269\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u6e7f\u6da6\/\u5e72\u71e5\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u57fa\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u6d53\u7f29\u5230\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u805a\u6838\u9178\u3001\u805a\u916f\u548c\u7f29\u80bd\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u6db2\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u55b7\u53e3\u5411\u76f8\u90bb\u6c60\u5b50\u8fd0\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u6d4b\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u901a\u5e38\u63a8\u6d4b\u7684\u6df1\u6d77\u55b7\u53e3\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6700\u540e\u666e\u904d\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\uff08LUCA\uff09\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5947\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              \u79d1\u6797-\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a Col\u00edn-Garc\u00eda\u201c\u7b49\u4eba\u201d\uff082016\uff09\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u52a3\u52bf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u653e\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u5b66\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u4f9b\u4f53\u548c\u53d7\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Col\u00edn-Garc\u00eda\u7b49(2016)\u8fd8\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u88ab\u63d0\u8bae\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u5728\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              <\/section>\n

                                                              \u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7070<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                              \u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7W.\u970d\u592b\u66fc Geoffrey W.Hoffmann\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6210\u6838\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u80bd\u548c\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u539f\u59cb\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
                                                              Hoffmann\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6210\u6838\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u968f\u673a\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              <\/section>\n

                                                              \u6208\u5fb7\u7684\u6df1\u70ed\u751f\u7269\u5708<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                              20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7 Thomas Gold\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u516c\u91cc\u5904\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u636e\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53d1\u73b0\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51ed\u8bc1\u3002Gold\u8fd8\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u6df1\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d4b\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u83b7\u5f97\u6d93\u6d93\u7ec6\u6d41\u7684\u98df\u7269\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u6ee9\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684\u98df\u7269\u800c\u706d\u7edd\u3002Gold\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u5e54\u4e2d\u539f\u59cb\u7532\u70f7\u7684\u9038\u51fa\u6240\u81f4\uff1b\u5bf9\u6df1\u5c42\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff08\u8fdc\u79bb\u6c89\u79ef\u78b3\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff09\u7684\u98df\u7269\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u66f4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9760\u6c34\u548c\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e2d\uff08\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\uff09\u94c1\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6c22\u6c14\u4e3a\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                              \u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6d77\u6ee9\u5047\u8bf4<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                              \u624e\u5361\u91cc\u00b7\u4e9a\u5f53 Zachary Adam\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u6708\u7403\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6f6e\u6c50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u94c0\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6d77\u6ee9\u7684\u9ad8\u6c34\u4f4d\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6784\u4ef6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0e\u52a0\u84ec\u5965\u514b\u6d1b\u94c0\u77ff\u7f1d\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6d77\u6ee9\u6c99\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u751f\u6210\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u4e59\u8148\u751f\u6210\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c\u7cd6\u7c7b\u3002\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u72ec\u5c45\u77f3\u7269\u8d28\u8fd8\u5c06\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u91ca\u653e\u5230\u6c99\u7c92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4e0a\u7684 “\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7269\u8d28”\u3002\u636eAdam\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u3001\u7cd6\u7c7b\u548c\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u9515\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u590d\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65e9\u671f\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              \u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5e15\u5185\u5c14 John Parnell\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65e9\u671f\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u884c\u661f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u5206 “\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5769\u57da”\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u884c\u661f\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u677f\u5757\u6784\u9020\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c06\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u77ff\u7269\u5e26\u5230\u5730\u8868\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u677f\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                              \u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8d77\u6e90\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u51c6\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u706d\u7edd(\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66–\u5982\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7c7b\u578b–\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5316\u77f3)\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a<\/span>
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                                                              The first organisms were self-replicating iron-rich clays which fixed carbon dioxide into oxalic and other dicarboxylic acids. This system of replicating clays and their metabolic phenotype then evolved into the sulfide rich region of the hotspring acquiring the ability to fix nitrogen. Finally phosphate was incorporated into the evolving system which allowed the synthesis of nucleotides and phospholipids. If biosynthesis recapitulates biopoiesis, then the synthesis of amino acids preceded the synthesis of the purine and pyrimidine bases. Furthermore, the polymerization of the amino acid thioesters into polypeptides preceded the directed polymerization of amino acid esters by polynucleotides.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \u6700\u65e9\u7684\u751f\u7269\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5bcc\u94c1\u7c98\u571f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u8349\u9178\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8c\u7fa7\u9178\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u571f\u53ca\u5176\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u8868\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u540e\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u5bcc\u542b\u786b\u5316\u7269\u7684\u70ed\u6cc9\u533a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u56fa\u6c2e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u540e\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u548c\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5c31\u5148\u4e8e\u560c\u5464\u548c\u5627\u5576\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u786b\u916f\u805a\u5408\u6210\u591a\u80bd\uff0c\u5148\u4e8e\u591a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5b9a\u5411\u805a\u5408\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u916f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


                                                              \u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u53ef\u80fd\u65e9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751fRNA\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u53cd\u5e94\u7ea7\u8054\uff1a\u7cd6\u9175\u89e3\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u620a\u7cd6\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u6838\u9178\u3001\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c\u8102\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              \u7c98\u571f\u5047\u8bf4<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                              \u8499\u8131\u77f3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7c98\u571f\uff0c\u662fRNA\u805a\u5408\u548c\u8102\u8d28\u5f62\u6210\u819c\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u51ef\u6069\u65af-\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af Alexander Cairns-Smith\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5229\u7528\u7c98\u571f\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f3c\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u7c98\u571f\u5047\u8bf4\u5047\u5b9a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u6676\u4f53\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u975e\u6709\u673a\u91cd\u590d\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u9010\u6e10\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              \u5728\u4f26\u65af\u52d2\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u8d39\u91cc\u65af James Ferris\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u8499\u8131\u77f3\u7c98\u571f\u77ff\u7269\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u50ac\u5316RNA\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5f62\u6210\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              2007\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5df4\u7279\u00b7\u5361\u5c14 Bart Kahr \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u90bb\u82ef\u4e8c\u7532\u9178\u6c22\u94be\u7684\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e86\u6676\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u8f6c\u79fb\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684”\u6bcd”\u6676\u4f53\u88ab\u5207\u5272\u7528\u4f5c\u79cd\u5b50\u4ee5\u4ece\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u51fa”\u5b50”\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86\u65b0\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcd\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5728\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u91cd\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u91cf\u5e94\u8be5\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u51e0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u6b64Kahr \u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6676\u4f53 “\u4e0d\u591f\u5fe0\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b58\u50a8\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u4e00\u4ee3\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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                                                              20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cG\u00fcnter W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u5728\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14 Karl Popper\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u94c1-\u786b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5c06\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u53cd\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5408\u6210\u6709\u673a\u6784\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              \u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Miller\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff08\u6a21\u62df\u95ea\u7535\u3001\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u201cW\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u81ea\u5e26\u5185\u7f6e\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u94c1\u7684\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff08\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u77ff\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7ec4\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u65e9\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728100\u2103\u7684\u6c34\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u786b\u5316\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4ea7\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8c\u80bd (0.4%\uff5e12.4%\uff09\u548c\u66f4\u5c0f\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u4e09\u80bd (0.10%)\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u80bd\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              \u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u88f8\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u7684RNA\u590d\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u514b\u96f7\u5e03\u65af\u5faa\u73af Krebs cycle\uff08\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u5faa\u73af\uff09\u5728\u9700\u6c27\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e2d\u6700\u65e9\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6Russell\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u201d\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6770\u91cc\u7c73\u00b7\u82f1\u683c\u5170Jeremy England\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \n

                                                              … when a group of atoms is driven by an external source of energy (like the sun or chemical fuel) and surrounded by a heat bath (like the ocean or atmosphere), it will often gradually restructure itself in order to dissipate increasingly more energy. This could mean that under certain conditions, matter inexorably acquires the key physical attribute associated with life. …\u5f53\u4e00\u7ec4\u539f\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u592a\u9633\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u71c3\u6599\uff09\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u70ed\u6d74\uff08\u5982\u6d77\u6d0b\u6216\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\uff09\u6240\u5305\u56f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u91cd\u7ec4\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8017\u6563\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5806\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u53ef\u662f\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8017\u6563\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027***
                                                              <\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              \u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u57281924\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684Oparin\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u56ca\u6ce1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4DNA\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u8981\u65e9\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u5305\u62ecW\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u7684\u94c1-\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u675c\u592b Christian de Duve\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u786b\u916f\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u00b7\u6234\u68eeFreeman Dyson\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u00b7\u8003\u592b\u66fcStuart Kauffman\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u8be5\u5341\u5e74\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              Orgel\u603b\u7ed3\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \n

                                                              There is at present no reason to expect that multistep cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle will self-organize on the surface of FeS\/FeS2 or some other mineral.”<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \u76ee\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u671f\u671b\u591a\u6b65\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5982\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u5faa\u73af\u4f1a\u5728FeS\/ FeS2\u6216\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u77ff\u7269\u7684\u8868\u9762\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


                                                              \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee3\u8c22\u901a\u8def\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c”\u5f00\u653e\u7684”\u4e59\u9170-\u8f85\u9176A\u901a\u8def\uff08\u5f53\u4eca\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u4e94\u79cd\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u56fa\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f1a\u7b26\u5408\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u8868\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u901a\u8def\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9176–\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8131\u6c22\u9176\/\u4e59\u9170-\u8f85\u9176A\u5408\u6210\u9176\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u85cf\u6709\u954d-\u94c1-\u786b\u6df7\u5408\u7c07\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u50ac\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u4e59\u9170-\u8f85\u9176A\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e59\u9170-\u786b\u9187\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u786b\u9187\u5316\u548c\u786b\u916f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5728\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\uff09\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u534a\u80f1\u6c28\u9178\u548c\u540c\u578b\u534a\u80f1\u6c28\u9178\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u65bd\u7279\u514b\u53cd\u5e94 Stecker reaction\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8148\u7c7b\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u8d77\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5bcc\u786b\u9187\u7684\u591a\u80bd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              thiol-reach \u5e94\u4e3athiol-rich\uff0cpoplypeptodes\u5e94\u4e3apolypeptides***<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/section>\n

                                                              \u950c\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                              Mulkidjanian\u7684\u950c\u4e16\u754c Zn-world\u7406\u8bba\u662fW\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u7684\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5b50\uff08RNA\u3001\u80bd\uff09\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\u8868\u9762\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7535\u8377\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u5f15\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u76f8\u5bf9\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u805a\u5408\u3002”\u950c\u4e16\u754c “\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\u548c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u5bcc\u542bH2S\u7684\u70ed\u6d41\u4e0e\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6d77\u6d0b\uff08\u6216Darwin\u7684”\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858”\uff09\u7684\u6c34\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002\u5927\u6d0b\u55b7\u53e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u70ed\u6db2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u70ed\u6db2\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u53e4\u706b\u5c71\u5757\u72b6\u786b\u5316\u7269\u77ff\u5e8a\uff08VMS\uff09\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u8fbe\u6570\u5343\u7c73\uff0c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u592a\u53e4\u5b99\u3002\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u662f\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff(FeS2)\u3001\u9ec4\u94dc\u77ff(CuFeS2)\u548c\u95ea\u950c\u77ff(ZnS)\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u65b9\u94c5\u77ff(PbS)\u548c\u786b\u9530\u77ff(MnS)\u3002ZnS\u548cMnS\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u8f90\u5c04\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u590d\u5236\u5206\u5b50\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u8db3\u591f\u9ad8(>100\u5df4\uff0c\u7ea6100\u4e2a\u5927\u6c14\u538b)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u9644\u8fd1\u6c89\u964d\uff0c\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u768410\uff5e100\u500d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cZnS\u6240\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7279\u6027\u4e3a\u4f9b\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u7a33\u5b9a\u6838\u9178\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b63\u597d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              \u950c\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5728\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u539f\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5145\u5b9e\u4e86\u3002\u963f\u5947\u535a\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u52d2\u59c6 Archibald Macallum\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8840\u6db2\u548c\u6dcb\u5df4\u7b49\u4f53\u6db2\u4e0e\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u6210\u5206\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u6210\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97Mulkidjanian\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u7ed3\u5408\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u7ec4\u5b66\u5ba1\u67e5\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ec6\u80de\u666e\u904d\u6210\u5206\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u79bb\u5b50\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u7ec6\u80de\u7684”\u5b75\u5316\u5668”\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5bf9K+, Zn2+, Mn2+\u548c[PO4]3\u2212\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                              \u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u91cd\u5efa\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u9646\u5730\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u4e3b\u5bfc\u533a\u7684\u6392\u653e\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u6c27\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5927\u6c14\u4e0b\uff0c\u5730\u70ed\u573a\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c34\u51dd\u7ed3\u7269\u548c\u84b8\u53d1\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4f1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5185\u73af\u5883\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u524d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6d45\u5c42\u7684”\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6c60\u5858”\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c60\u5858\u5185\u886c\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u77ff\u7269\uff0c\u5bcc\u542bK+, Zn2+\u548c\u78f7\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                              \u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u666f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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                                                              \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u60c5\u666f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6b63\u5728\u6216\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0e\u94c1\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u666f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u5f7c\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u53e0\u3002<\/span>
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                                                              \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u901a\u8def<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                              2020\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cALLCHEMY\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ece\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u901a\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              \u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                              20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u66fc\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u827e\u6839 Manfred Eigen\u548c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u8212\u65af\u7279 Peter Schuster\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u6df7\u6c8c\u548c\u524d\u751f\u7269\u6c64\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77ac\u65f6\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662fRNA\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u9176\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9176\u4f9d\u6b21\u50ac\u5316\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u5e2e\u52a9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51c6\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u50ac\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6838\u9176\u3002\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba\u8981\u6c42\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u5316\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u5728Miller\u2013Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              \u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u989c\u6599<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                              \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 “\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8017\u6563\u7406\u8bba Thermodynamic Dissipation Theory of the Origin and Evolution of Life “\u4e2d\uff0c\u5361\u6d1b\u00b7\u7c73\u8fe6\u52d2\u5b89 Karo Michaelian\u5c06Boltzmann\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u548cPrigogine\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u6709\u673a\u989c\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6269\u6563\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u751f\u547d\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u989c\u6599\u8017\u6563\u6210\u70ed\u80fd\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u5728\u592a\u9633\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u50ac\u5316\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u8017\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u6d0b\u6d41\u548c\u98ce\u6d41\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u7b49\u3002Michaelian\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4eca\u5929\u751f\u547d\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u673a\u989c\u6599\u4e2d\u5149\u5b50\u8017\u6563\u4ea7\u751f\u71b5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cRNA\u548cDNA\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f230-290nm\u6ce2\u957f\uff08UV-C\uff09\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7684\u6781\u5f3a\u5438\u6536\u8005\u548c\u6781\u5feb\u8017\u6563\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u592a\u9633\u5149\u8c31\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u7a7f\u900f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u524d\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662fRNA\u548cDNA\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u751f\u547d\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u57df\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5728UV-C\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u7684\u8272\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4e5f\u4e0eRNA\u548cDNA\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6838\u9178\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5feb\u7684\u8017\u6563\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u4e86UV-C\u5149\u5b50\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u5929\u7ebf\u8272\u7d20\u4f9b\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u3002Michaelian\u7528\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u53e4\u5b99\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8272\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u592a\u9633\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u8017\u6563\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u524dUV-C\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u548c\u6269\u6563\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u592a\u53e4\u5b99\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u751f\u547d\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u81ed\u6c27\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5c42\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684UV-C\u5149\u8017\u6563\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4ee3\u8c22\u901a\u8def\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7834\u574f\u548c\u91cd\u9020\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5730\u8868\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u8c22\u901a\u8def\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u751f\u547d\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u671f\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7784\u51c6\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u6d3d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u81ea\u7f3a\u4e4f\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u601d\u8003***<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              \u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982RNA\u548cDNA\u7684\u65e0\u9176\u590d\u5236\uff0c<\/span>[324]<\/span>\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u540c\u624b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caRNA\u548cDNA\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c<\/span>[325]<\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u539f\u59cb\u590d\u5236\u548cUV-C\u5149\u5b50\u8017\u6563\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8017\u6563\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u3002Michaelian\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u671f\u671b\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u589e\u6b96\u751a\u81f3\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5927\u91cf\u63d0\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u8017\u6563\u5e7f\u4e49\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u52bf\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u592a\u9633\u5149\u5b50\u901a\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              \u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u86cb\u767d<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                              2009\u5e74\u83ab\u91cc Maury\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u03b2-\u7247\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u524dRNA\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3002\u201c\u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u86cb\u767d\u5047\u8bf4\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u636e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u03b2-\u7247\u5c42\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u7ea0\u9519\u6027\u548c\u624b\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              \u53d8\u5316\u7684\u76d0\u5ea6\uff1a\u7a00\u91ca\u548c\u5e72\u6db8<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                              \u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e03\u5362\u59c6Harold Blum\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u5143\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6838\u9178\u94fe\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u89e3\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \n

                                                              Somewhere in this cycle work must be done, which means that free energy must be expended. If the parts assemble themselves on a template spontaneously, work has to be done to take the replica off; or, if the replica comes off the template of its own accord, work must be done to put the parts on in the first place.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u5982\u679c\u96f6\u4ef6\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u4e0a\u7ec4\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u529f\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u53d6\u4e0b\u6765\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece\u6a21\u677f\u4e0a\u8131\u843d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u529f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u4ef6\u88c5\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


                                                              Oparin-Haldane\u731c\u60f3\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u6838\u9178\u805a\u5408\u7269\u548c\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u79bb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6838\u9178\u662f\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u79bb\u5b50\uff08\u4f4e\u76d0\uff09\u4e2d\u548c\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u56e2\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u7535\u8377\u65f6\uff0c\u6838\u9178\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u4f1a\u89e3\u79bb\u6210\u5355\u94fe\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6f6e\u6c50\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u6708\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7a00\u91ca\uff08\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3001\u4f4e\u76d0\uff09\u548c\u6d53\u7f29\uff08\u4f4e\u6f6e\u3001\u9ad8\u76d0\u65f6\u5e72\u6db8\uff09\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6f6e\u6c50\u94fe\u5f0f\u53cd\u5e94\uff08TCR\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6838\u9178\u7684\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6f6e\u6c50\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u76ee\u524d\u6570\u503c\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u5730\u6708\u6bd7\u90bb***\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6f6e\u6c50\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u6bcf7\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9646\u5730\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u53ea\u67092-3%\u7684\u5730\u58f3\u53ef\u80fd\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u6d77\u9762\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \u5728\u6df1\u6d77\u55b7\u53e3\uff0c TCR \uff08\u6f6e\u6c50\u94fe\u5f0f\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u70ed\u8054\u5408\/\u89e3\u79bb\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6f6e\u6c50\u94fe\u5f0f\u53cd\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u94fe\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\uff08\u6a21\u677f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u805a\u5408\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5e72\u6db8\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u524d\u4f53\u6700\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u800c\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u5219\u9700\u8981\u805a\u5408\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u51b7\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u94fe\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u524d\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7a00\u8584\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51dd\u7ed3\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff1a\u70ed\u5408\u6210\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                              <\/p>\n

                                                              \u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u91cd\u529b\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u6d41\u5c0f\u5ba4\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u6d41\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u60ac\u6d6e\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542b\u6709\u5728\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u539f\u9176\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                              <\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • \n

                                                                \u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u673a\u5236\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                \u4eca\u5929\u53d1\u9175\u7684\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u5faa\u73af\u6216\u4e59\u9170-\u8f85\u9176A\u901a\u8def\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u901a\u8def\u90fd\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u94c1-\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                \u70ed\u5408\u6210\u5047\u8bf4\u5219\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u547c\u5438\u548c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5fc5\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u91cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u53d1\u9175\u66f4\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u63d0\u51fa\u7ef4\u6301\u5316\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u7684ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u9176\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f29\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u80bd\u952e\u548cRNA\u7684\u78f7\u9178\u4e8c\u916f\u952e\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u53d8\u5316\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u548c\u70ed\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c”\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28”\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u5e95\u7269\uff08\u80bd\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u3001\u6838\u82f7\u3001RNA\u201c\u5355\u4f53\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7f29\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea7\u7269\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u8bf1\u5bfc\u53bb\u6298\u53e0\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u7684FoF1 ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u4e2d\u7684F1\u90e8\u5206\u7684ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u7684\u03b1\/\u03b2\u4e9a\u57fa\u7684\u03b2\u4e9a\u57fa\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4f46\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u9176\u662f\u5728\u7b49\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53d1\u6325\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5219\u662f\u5728\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                \u70ed\u5408\u6210\u5047\u8bf4\u4e0b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u662f\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u5bf9\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u706b\u5c71\u70ed\u6cc9\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4f3c\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\uff1b\u5bf9\u6d41\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u5728\u53d1\u82bd\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u70ed\u5408\u6210\u7684\u9057\u8ff9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u8102\u8d28\u7684\u78f7\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u201d\u7ed9\u542b\u6709\u8be5\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u8fd8\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5177\u6709\u70ed\u5408\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b63\u5982Dyson\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c<\/span>[14]<\/span>\u5b83\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\uff1a\u5b83\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                \u7136\u800c\u94c1-\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u901a\u8def\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u70ed\u5408\u6210\u5047\u8bf4\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528\u901a\u8def\u3002ATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u53d8\u5316\u673a\u5236\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5438\u9644\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7684\u9176\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                \u5728\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6761\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6b8b\u57fa\u7684\u77ed\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u5e8f\u5217\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u88c2\u9699\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u6240\u9700\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u8bf8\u5982\u53d1\u9175\u6240\u9700\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                <\/p>\n

                                                                \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u540c\u5047\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\u201c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662fxxx\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898***<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                <\/h3>\n

                                                                \u524dRNA\u4e16\u754c:\u6838\u7cd6\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u53ca\u5176\u65c1\u8def<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                                \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u5982\u80bd\u6838\u9178\u3001\u82cf\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u6216\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u4ee5\u81ea\u518d\u751f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u540e\u6765\u88abRNA\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u62c9\u814a\u5c14\u5fb7 Larralde\u7b49\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                \n

                                                                the generally accepted prebiotic synthesis of ribose, the formose reaction, yields numerous sugars without any selectivity.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                \u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u524d\u6838\u7cd6\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u7532\u919b\u805a\u7cd6\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u7cd6\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                                                                \u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                \n

                                                                the backbone of the first genetic material could not have contained ribose or other sugars because of their instability.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                \u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u542b\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7cd6\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                                                                \u5df2\u77e5RNA\u4e2d\u6838\u7cd6\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u7684\u916f\u8fde\u63a5\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6c34\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                \u5627\u5576\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u53ca\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6e38\u79bb\u7684\u7cd6\u7c7b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u542b\u6c2e\u6216\u542b\u6c27\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5730\u7ec4\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002Sutherland\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7531\u5c0f\u76842\u548c3\u4e2a\u78b3\u7247\u6bb5\u5982\u7f9f\u4e59\u919b\u3001\u7518\u6cb9\u919b\u6216\u7518\u6cb9\u919b-3-\u78f7\u9178\u3001\u6c30\u80fa\u548c\u6c30\u57fa\u4e59\u7094\u6784\u5efa\u80de\u5627\u5576\u548c\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u9ad8\u4ea7\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5141\u8bb8\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u5bf9\u6620\u7eaf\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u6c28\u57fa\u5641\u5511\u5549\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7518\u6cb9\u919b\u7684\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u8fc7\u91cf\u4e3a\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e60\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7eaf\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6240\u8ff0\u5316\u5408\u7269\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u620a\u7cd6\u6c28\u57fa\u6076\u5511\u5549\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u7ed3\u6676\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u6c28\u57fa\u6076\u5511\u5549\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6e29\u548c\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6c30\u57fa\u4e59\u7094\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u03b1\u80de\u5627\u5576\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u3002\u7528\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u8fdb\u884c\u5149\u5f02\u6784\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5173\u4e8e1’\u5f02\u6784\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u03b2\u7acb\u4f53\u5316\u5b66\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6784\u4ef6\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6838\u78b1\u57fa\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u5f972′,3′-\u73af\u72b6\u5627\u5576\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u80fd\u591f\u805a\u5408\u6210RNA\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5627\u5576-2′,3′-\u73af\u72b6\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u7684\u5149\u81f4\u6d88\u6bd2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                \u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6a21\u677f\u94fe\u7684RNA\u5408\u6210***
                                                                <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  \n

                                                                  <\/section>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                  RNA\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                                  \u867d\u7136\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u65af\u5766\u00b7\u5e15\u62c9\u585e\u514b Stan Palasek\u6839\u636e\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u5206\u5b50\uff08RNA\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e8e\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                  <\/section>\n

                                                                  \u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                                                  \u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301RNA\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u75c5\u6bd2\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9ad8\u7a81\u53d8\u7387\uff1b\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u50cfHIV\u8fd9\u6837\u7684RNA\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u75c5\u6bd2\u30022015\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u6811\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u652f\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7f16\u7801\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6298\u53e0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u7f16\u7801\u90a3\u4e9b\u6298\u53e0\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u86cb\u767d\u5e93\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6062\u590d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u548c\u9897\u7c92\u5927\u5c0f\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u957f\u671f\u538b\u529b\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u75c5\u6bd2\u7ec6\u80de\u7f29\u51cf\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u4ed6\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u4e5f\u591a\u6837\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u201d\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u53e4\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u7ec6\u80de\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5206\u6bb5\u7684RNA\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                  <\/span><\/section>\n
                                                                  \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u90a3\u4e48\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\u6700\u8fd1\u6e90\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8c31\u7cfb\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u652f\u5462***<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                  <\/span><\/section>\n
                                                                  \u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff082015\uff09\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u8863\u58f3\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8eRNA\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u6c34\u5e73\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7956\u5148\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f4d\u79fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u65b0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4ece\u524d\u751f\u7269\u9636\u6bb5\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u662f\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8eRNA\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u9003\u9038\u800c\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                  <\/span><\/section>\n
                                                                  \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u962e\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u4f4d\u79fb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u9003\u9038\u201d\u6709\u5173\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4ece\u524d\u751f\u7269\u9636\u6bb5\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6a21\u5757\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f***<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                  <\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                  RNA\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                                  <\/p>\n

                                                                  \u6770\u514b\u00b7\u7ecd\u65af\u5854\u514b Jack Szostak<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                  <\/p>\n

                                                                  \u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86RNA\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u622a\u81f31994\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u80de\u5627\u5576\u548c\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f84\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u9646\u5730\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u7c7b\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f62\u6210\u5fae\u7403\u4f53\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u819c\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u9694\u5ba4\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7c98\u571f\u57fa\u8d28\u6216\u77ff\u7269\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                  \u652f\u6301RNA\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b83\u65e2\u80fd\u50a8\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u9176\uff09\uff1b\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4ee5DNA\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u5728\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11RNA\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5bb9\u6613\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                  \u5df2\u7ecf\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u7684RNA\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u5236\u9176RNA\uff0c\u65e2\u8d77\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u53c8\u8d77\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3002Szostak\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d77\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u7684RNA\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684RNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0cDarwin\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u589e\u6b96\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u590d\u5236\u7684RNA\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002RNA\u590d\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u50ac\u5316\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6838\u9176\uff0c\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u7ffb\u500d\u65f6\u95f4\u7ea6\u4e3a1\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u7ade\u4e89\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u9057\u4f20\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u8fdb\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                  \u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u771f\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u6837\u8d77\u6e90\u7684***<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                  \u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f53RNA\u94fe\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u751f\u6b96\u8f93\u51fa\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aRNA\u590d\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff08\u5176\u4eba\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\uff09\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u5185\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  1. \n
                                                                    \u4e2d\u7b49\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u9057\u4f20\u6027\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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                                                                    \u6297\u8870\u51cf\u80fd\u529b\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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                                                                    \u52a0\u5de5\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u4ea7\u751f\u7684RNA\u590d\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6298\u53e0\u6784\u578b\u6765\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                                                                    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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                                                                    \u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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                                                                    <\/strong>
                                                                    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


                                                                    <\/p>\n


                                                                    <\/section>\n
                                                                    \u514b\u96f7\u683c\u00b7\u6587\u7279 J. Craig Venter<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                    <\/span><\/section>\n
                                                                    Eigen\u548c\u7d22\u5c14\u00b7\u65af\u76ae\u683c\u5c14\u66fc Sol Spiegelman\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u5236\u3001\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u7ee7\u5316\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u7684”\u539f\u7ec6\u80de”\uff08\u6240\u8c13”\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u6cd5”\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u539f\u7406\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5f80\u5f80\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6709\u65af\u8482\u6069\u00b7\u62c9\u65af\u7a46\u68ee Steen Rasmussen\u548cSzostak\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                    \u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a”\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5”\u66f4\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002Spiegelman\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5408\u6210\u4e86Spiegelman\u602a\u517d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u53ea\u6709218\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u78b1\u57fa\uff0c\u662f\u75314500\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u7ec6\u83ccRNA\u89e3\u6784\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002Eigen\u5728Spiegelman\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u4ec5\u670948\u621654\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u590d\u5236\u9176\u7ed3\u5408\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u96f7\u683c\u00b7\u6587\u7279\u5c14\u7814\u7a76\u6240 J.Craig Venter\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u514b\u96f7\u683c\u00b7\u6587\u7279\u5c14 Craig Venter\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u539f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                                                                    2018\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5ba3\u5e03\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a”\u884c\u661f\u6a21\u62df\u5668”\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u7403\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u5ba4\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6784\u4ef6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684RNA\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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