{"id":27685,"date":"2021-07-21T22:51:20","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T14:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27685"},"modified":"2021-07-21T22:51:20","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T14:51:20","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27685","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0 | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u6574\u5408\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba theories of integrative levels \u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf theories of complex systems \u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u626e\u5904\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1999\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u2022\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u5766 Jeffrey Goldstein\u5728\u300a\u6d8c\u73b0 Emergence\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u5766\u6700\u521d\u5c06\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a:\u201c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u800c\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u5eb7\u5b81 Peter Corning\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u5766\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49:<\/span><\/section>\n
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<\/h3>\n

\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u8d1d\u9053 Mark Bedau\u7684\u300a\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7c7b\u578b \uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u690b\u9e1f\u98de\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u9c7c\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u62df\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4fdd\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6a21\u62df\u6216\u5206\u6790\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \n
  • \n

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    \n
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    <\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n

      \u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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      \n
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      <\/span><\/section>\n
      Jaegwon Kim \u8868\u793a:\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001 M \u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001 M * \u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001 P* \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4 M \u5f15\u8d77 P\u2217\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0cM \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 P\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898: \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61M\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u6761\u4ef6 P\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48P\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3aM\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 P \u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u89e3\u91ca M \u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6548\u5e94\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 P\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a M \u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6cd5\u7406\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002\u800cM\u4f5c\u4e3a P* \u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eP*\u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86P\u5bf9\u4e8eP*\u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u7406\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a P* \u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5982\u679c M \u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a P \u4e5f\u662f P * \u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70: \u6d8c\u73b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u51fa\u72ec\u7279\u800c\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5982\u679c M \u662f M * \u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 M * \u5c31\u88ab\u8fc7\u5206\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a M * \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531 P \u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bba\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u9003\u907f\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6d88\u9664\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u5fc5\u987b\u9644\u52a0\u5728\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4f1a\u4f7f\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
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      <\/span><\/section>\n

      \u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u5355\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u76ee\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7814\u7a76\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      \u5ba2\u89c2\u6216\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u54c1\u8d28<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \u514b\u62c9\u5947\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e3b\u89c2\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
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      \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u5eb7\u5b81\u8ba4\u4e3a: \u201c\u96be\u9053\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\/\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u50cf\u67d0\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u6548\u5e94\u5417\uff1f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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      \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u77e5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89c2\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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      \u5728\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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      <\/strong>
      <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u5723\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4ece\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2006\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684 Ursula Goodenough \u548c Terrence Deacon\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6d8c\u73b0\u300b\u548c Stuart Kauffman\u7684\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684:\u91cd\u5851\u795e\u5723\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2014\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684Alexander Bard\u548cJan S\u00f6derqvist\u7684\u300a\u7efc\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49: \u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u521b\u9020\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u88ab\u62cd\u6210\u7535\u5f71\uff1aFuturica Trilogy \u672a\u6765\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8bba\u8bc1\uff081904-05\uff09\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Max Weber\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u65b0\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\u627e\u5230\u3002\u5230\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      \u5728\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u521b\u9020\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\u521b\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u827a\u672f\/\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff08Wheeler\uff0c2006;Alexande\uff0c2011\uff09\u5229\u7528\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66ff\u4ee3\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u201c\u4f5c\u54c1\u521b\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u827a\u672f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Michael J. Pearce\u7528\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u827a\u672f\u5bb6Leonel Moura\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u827a\u672f\u201d\u5177\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u529b\u8fd8\u5f88\u521d\u7ea7\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4f53\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u672c\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u98ce\u683c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Slautina\uff0cMarusenko\uff0c2014\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5728\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a SEED-SCALE \u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u7b26\u5408\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u793e\u533a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u201cEmerging Literature\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u5174\u6587\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6587\u5b66\u666f\u89c2\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u52bf\u5934\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u800c\u201cemergent literature\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6587\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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      \u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7279\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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      \u5f53\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6574\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u5316\u7d2f\u79ef\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u589e\u957f\u201d\u3002\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u6027 Interconnectivity\u3002\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u4ece\u8f83\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6216\u9c7c\u7fa4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5f88\u597d\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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      <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u540e\u679c\u548c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u90fd\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002Luc Steels\u5199\u9053: \u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5176\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u5c40\u529f\u80fd[ … ]\u6bcf\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u603b\u548c\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u5b8f\u89c2\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6240\u6709\u201c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
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      <\/p>\n

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      \u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

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      <\/section>\n
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      <\/span><\/section>\n
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      <\/span><\/section>\n

      \u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u89c4\u5f8b\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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      \u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6bd4\u751f\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u975e\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u6765\u533a\u5206\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6765\u81ea\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3:<\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
      \u201c\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
      \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u53f0\u6bd4\u5b87\u5b99\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u751f\u547d\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u843d\u7684\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5f3a\u201d\u6d8c\u73b0\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec:<\/span><\/section>\n