{"id":27701,"date":"2021-07-22T22:13:06","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T14:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27701"},"modified":"2021-07-22T22:13:06","modified_gmt":"2021-07-22T14:13:06","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%94%bb%e5%ae%b6%e7%9a%84%e7%94%b5%e6%8a%a5%e4%bc%a0%e5%a5%87%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27701","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u5bb6\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u4f20\u5947\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1844\u5e745\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d53\u5c81\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u753b\u5bb6\u7528\u4ed6\u4eb2\u624b\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7b80\u6613\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7535\u62a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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What hath God wrought!<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u610f\u4e3a\u201cWhat has God done!\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\uff01\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u539f\u6587\u51fa\u81ea\u300aBook of Numbers\u300b\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e49\u300a\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u518cTorah<\/span>\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d6\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u518c<\/span>\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d5\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7535\u6587\u662f\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u7f06\u53d1\u5230\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u5e02\u7684\u3002\u53d1\u62a5\u4eba\u662f\u753b\u5bb6\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u83ab\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\uff08Samuel Finley Breese Morse\uff0c1791\u5e744\u670827\u65e5-1872\u5e744\u67082\u65e5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u6536\u62a5\u4eba\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u83b1\u5fb7\u00b7\u7ef4\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Alfred Vail\uff0c1807-1859\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u662f\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6545\u4e8b\u9887\u4e3a\u5947\u5e7b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ece\u5934\u8bb2\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4e8e1791\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5e02\u90ca\u7684Charlestown\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u540d\u53eb\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d<\/span>\uff08Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese\uff0c1766-1828\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u6770\u8fea\u72c4\u4e9a\u00b7\u83ab\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\uff08Jedidiah Morse\uff0c1761-1826\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u9887\u6709\u5efa\u6811\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5730\u7406\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u6807\u51c6\u6559\u6750\u3002\u6770\u8fea\u72c4\u4e9a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8654\u8bda\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4ece\u5c0f\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u6000\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u559c\u6b22\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u96d5\u523b\u30021799\u5e74\uff0c8\u5c81\u7684\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86Phillips Academy\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u6821\u8bfb\u4e66\u30021805\u5e74\uff0c14\u5c81\u7684\u4ed6\u8003\u8fdb\u4e86\u8036\u9c81\u5b66\u9662<\/span>\uff08Yale College\uff0c\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u8eab\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5c11\u5e74\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4fee\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u8a00<\/span>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5730\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u9009\u4fee\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u7535\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u30021810\u5e74\uff0c19\u5c81\u7684\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u751f\u534f\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08National Honor Societies\uff09<\/span>\u7684Phi-Beta-Kappa\u4f18\u7b49\u751f\u4ece\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u753b\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4ee5\u5356\u753b\u6765\u8d5a\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a9\u5b66\u91d1\u3002\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u5e38\u5e38\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f52\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f16\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u745e\u58eb\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u52a0\u5c14\u6587<\/span>\uff08Jean Calvin\uff0c1509-1564\uff09<\/span>\u6bd5\u751f\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u3002\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u662fLanding of the Pilgrims<\/span>\uff08\u671d\u5723\u8005\u7684\u767b\u9646\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u63cf\u5199\u7684\u662f1620\u5e74\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e00\u6279\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e58\u201c\u4e94\u6708\u82b1\u53f7\u201d\u8239\u6765\u5230\u5317\u7f8ePlymouth\u79fb\u6c11\u767b\u9646\u7684\u60c5\u666f<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u5e45\u540d\u753b\u4eca\u5929\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1. Landing of the Pilgrims\uff08Smithsonian American Art Museums\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u8fd9\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8bd7\u4eba\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u534e\u76db\u987f\u00b7\u5965\u5c14<\/span>\u65af\u987f\uff08Washington Allston\uff0c1779-1843\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u65af\u987f\u63d0\u8bae\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u4e00\u9053\u53bb\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u62dc\u8bbf\u8457\u540d\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u97e6\u65af\u7279<\/span>\uff08Benjamin West\uff0c1738-1820\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u534a\u751f\u79fb\u6c11\u82f1\u56fd\u5e76\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u82f1\u7687\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u9662<\/span>\uff08Royal Academy of Arts\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u672c\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u9662\u957f\u3002\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u7b54\u5141\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e26\u4e0a\u7236\u4eb2\u540c\u884c\u3002\u4e09\u4eba\u81ea\u9a7eLibya\u53f7\u5e06\u8239\u4e8e1811\u5e747\u670815\u65e5\u51fa\u822a\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u30021812\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u96d5\u5851\u6cb9\u753b\u201cDying Hercule\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5782\u6b7b\u7684\u5927\u529b\u58eb\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684Adelphi\u827a\u672f\u534f\u4f1a\u5c55\u89c8\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u91d1\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2. Dying Hercule\uff08Yale University Art Galley\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5e45\u540d\u753b\u662fJudgment of Jupiter<\/span>\uff08\u5929\u795e\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u5e45\u540d\u753b\u4eca\u5929\u90fd\u9648\u5217\u5728\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u827a\u672f\u8d70\u5eca\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe3. Judgment of Jupiter\uff08Yale University Art Galley\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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1815\u5e748\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6e38\u5b66\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u4f1a\u6bd5\u751f\u8d70\u5728\u753b\u5bb6\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7ed8\u753b\u6210\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c1835\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\u4e0e\u96d5\u5851\u6559\u6388\uff0c1826-1845\u548c1861-1862\u5e74\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7f8e\u672f\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u8d1f\u76db\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662fGallery of the Louvre<\/span>\uff08\u5362\u6d6e\u5bab\u753b\u5eca\uff0c1831-1833\u5e74\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe4. Gallery of the Louvre\uff08Terra Foundation for American Art\uff0cChicago\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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1832\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6e38\u5b66\u6b27\u6d32\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u5f52\u7a0b\u8239\u4e0a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u6770\u514b\u900a<\/span>\uff08Charles Thomas Jackson\uff0c1805-1880\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u95f2\u804a\u65f6\uff0c\u6770\u514b\u900a\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797<\/span>\uff08Benjamin Franklin\uff0c1706-1790\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u5bfc\u7ebf\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5165\u7535\u6d41\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u6253\u4e2a\u706b\u82b1\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u70b9\u795e\u5947\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8ba9\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u91cd\u65b0\u62fe\u56de\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u4fee\u8bfb\u7535\u5b66\u65f6\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7528\u7535\u4f20\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5947\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1753\u5e742\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4e00\u4efd\u8001\u6742\u5fd7\u300aScots Magazine\u300b\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201cAn Expeditious Method of Conveying Intelligence\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7f72\u540d\u4e3a\u201cC. M.\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u201ctransmitting messages by frictional electricity\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8bbe\u60f3\u752826\u6761\u7535\u7ebf\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5f53\u7535\u7ebf\u901a\u7535\u65f6\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u5c0f\u7eb8\u7247\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9759\u7535\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8bb0\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u8bcd\u548c\u53e5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u5404\u79cd\u7ebf\u7d22\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751fCharles Morrison<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u5352\u5e74\u4efd\u4e0d\u8be6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u201c\u7535\u62a5\u201d\u63d0\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1774\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb-\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u52d2\u8428\u5947<\/span>\uff08George Louis Le Sage\uff0c1724-1803\uff09<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u201cC. M.\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u753126\u6761\u7535\u7ebf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1804\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u79d1\u00b7\u8428\u5c14\u74e6<\/span>\uff08Francisco Salva y Campillo\uff0c1751-1828\uff09<\/span>\u4e8e2\u670822\u65e5\u5411\u5df4\u585e\u7f57\u90a3\u79d1\u5b66\u9662<\/span>\uff08Barcelona Academy of Sciences\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u62a5\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u5bfc\u7ebf\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u7528\u4f0f\u6253\u7535\u6c60\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u8f93\u9001\u5230\u5bfc\u7ebf\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u5b83\u5bf9\u6c34\u4f5c\u7535\u5206\u89e3\u6765\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u8d1f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1811\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u51af\u00b7\u8428\u9ed8\u6797<\/span>\uff08Samuel Thomas von Soemmering\uff0c1755-1830\uff09<\/span>\u6539\u826f\u4e86\u7535\u6c60\u5e76\u5728\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u738b\u56fd<\/span>\uff08Bavaria\uff09<\/span>\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b212\u82f1\u91cc\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1832\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u505a\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u4eba\u5e15\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u5e2d\u6797\u7537\u7235<\/span>\uff08Baron Pavel Lvovitch Schilling\uff0c1786-1837\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7535\u62a5\u901a\u8baf\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7528\u7535\u6d41\u53bb\u79fb\u52a8\u60ac\u540a\u5728\u7ebf\u5708\u4e0a\u7684\u94c1\u9488\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1833\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u97e6\u4f2f<\/span>\uff08Wilhelm Eduard Weber\uff0c1804-1891\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ad8\u65af<\/span>\uff08Carl Friedrich Gauss\uff0c1777-1855\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u52a8\u7535\u62a5\u673a<\/span>\uff08electrical telegraphy\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1837\u5e747\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5e93\u514b<\/span>\uff08 William Fothergill Cooke\uff0c1806-1879\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u60e0\u65af\u901a<\/span>\uff08Charles Wheatstone\uff0c1802-1875\uff09<\/span>\u8054\u624b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eab\u8a89\u201c\u94c1\u8def\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u7684\u571f\u6728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u751f<\/span>\uff08Robert Stephenson\uff0c1803-1859\uff09<\/span>\u534f\u52a9\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fdCamden Town\u548c\u4f26\u6566\u4e4b\u95f4\u67b6\u8bbe\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7535\u62a5\u901a\u8baf\u7535\u7f06\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7535\u6c60\u592a\u5f31\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u7b79\u83ab\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u7684\u753b\u5bb6\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u7535\u5668<\/span>\uff08relay\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5f97\u52a9\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Leonard Dunnell Gale\uff0c1800-1883\uff09<\/span>\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u4ea8\u5229<\/span>\uff08Joseph Henry\uff0c1797-1878\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7535\u6e90\u7ee7\u7535\u652f\u6301\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7422\u78e8\u66f4\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0e\u60e0\u65af\u901a\u7b49\u4eba\u8bbe\u60f3\u8fc7\u752826\u6761\u5bfc\u7ebf\u6765\u4f20\u901226\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u7b28\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u8003\u8651\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6839\u5bfc\u7ebf\u6765\u4f20\u901226\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u806a\u660e\u52a9\u624b\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5e08\u7ef4\u5c14\u51fa\u573a\u4e86\u3002\u7ef4\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u624d\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u7528\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u6709\u65e0\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u957f\u77ed\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u70b9\u201d<\/span>\uff08dot\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u628a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5212\u201d<\/span>\uff08dash\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u70b9\u4e0e\u5212\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u5f97\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u8868\u8fbe\u89c4\u5219\u624d\u884c\u3002\u5e08\u5f92\u4e24\u4eba\u52a8\u52a8\u8111\u7b4b\uff0c\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u70b9\u548c\u5212\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u524d\u540e\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a\u4e03\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7801\u201d<\/span>\uff08Morse Code\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540e\u6765\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7801\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u5fb7\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u683c\u514b<\/span>\uff08Friedrich Clemens Gerke\uff0c1801-1888\uff09<\/span>\u4e8e1848\u5e74\u6539\u8fdb\u8fc7\u7684\u30021865\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u62a5\u5927\u4f1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e4b\u505a\u4e86\u5c11\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u4fe1\u8054\u76df\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba1\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7801\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7801\u6700\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5371\u96be\u65f6\u6c42\u6551\u7684SOS\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7 \u2014 \u2014 \u2014 \u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7<\/span>\uff08\u5600\u5600\u5600\u55d2\u55d2\u55d2\u5600\u5600\u5600\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe5. \u56fd\u9645\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n


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1837\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6e90\u3001\u5bfc\u7ebf\u3001\u7ee7\u7535\u5668\u548c\u7ebf\u5708\u7b49\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u30021838\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u5728\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5ddeMorristown\u7684Speedwell\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\u91cc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u7535\u62a5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5728\u5176\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4e00\u518d\u6539\u8fdb\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u673a\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe6. \u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u62a5\u673a<\/span><\/p>\n


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1843\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u6279\u7ed9\u83ab\u5c14\u65af3\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7528\u4ee5\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u548c\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u4e4b\u95f4\u67b6\u8bbe\u4e00\u6761\u7535\u7f06\u505a\u7535\u62a5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u8d44\u52a9\u79c1\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


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1844\u5e745\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u5458\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7528\u4ed6\u4eb2\u624b\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7535\u62a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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What hath God wrought!<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7535\u6587\u7531\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4ece\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u5730\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5ead<\/span>\uff08Supreme Court chamber\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u7ef4\u5c14\u5728\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u7684Mount Clare Station \u63a5\u6536\u3002\u7ef4\u5c14\u968f\u5373\u56de\u590d\u4e86\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4e5f\u987a\u5229\u6536\u5230\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u900133\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u7535\u62a5\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe7. \u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u53d1\u7ed9\u7ef4\u5c14\u7684\u7535\u62a5<\/span><\/p>\n


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1844\u5e74\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7535\u7f06\u7684\u6210\u529f\u94fa\u8bbe\u7acb\u5373\u5c31\u5f00\u901a\u4e86\u7535\u62a5\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8fd0\u8425\u30021845\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u516c\u5171\u7535\u62a5\u5c40\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u57c3\u5179\u62c9\u00b7\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Ezra Cornell\uff0c1807-1874\uff0c\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u521b\u529e\u4eba\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af<\/span>\uff08Francis O. J. Smith\uff0c1806-1876\uff09<\/span>\u8054\u624b\uff0c\u67b6\u5efa\u4e86\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5230\u8d39\u57ce\u3001\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u3001\u6c34\u725b\u57ce\u548c\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u7535\u7f06\u3002\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7535\u62a5\u7535\u7f06\u8fc5\u901f\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u56fd\u3002\u52301850\u5e74\uff0c\u7535\u7f06\u7684\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e861\u4e072\u5343\u82f1\u91cc\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5e93\u514b\u548c\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u95f4\u7535\u62a5\u516c\u53f8Magnetic Telegraph Company\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u540c\u6837\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u94fa\u8bbe\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7535\u7f06\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe8. \u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u516c\u5171\u7535\u62a5\u5c40\u7684\u94ed\u724c<\/span><\/p>\n


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1847\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7535\u62a5\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u660e\u4e13\u5229\u3002\u52301849\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u5171\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u4e8b\u7535\u62a5\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7535\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5747\u9700\u5411\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5229\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u3002\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4ece\u6b64\u8d22\u6e90\u5e7f\u8fdb\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u5bcc\u7fc1\u30021872\u5e74\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u53bb\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4f30\u503c\u7ea650\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f59\u751f\u628a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8d22\u5bcc\u8d21\u732e\u7ed9\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u624b\u7b14\u5730\u6350\u52a9\u4e86Vassar College\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u591a\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d2b\u7a77\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u522b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u5e76\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7cfb\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1850\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8de8\u6d77\u7535\u7f06\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1<\/span>\uff08English Channel\uff09<\/span>\u5efa\u6210\u30021851\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u82f1\u56fd\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u5e93\u514b-\u60e0\u65af\u901a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1857\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u6295\u8d44\u4e861\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7ed9\u5546\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u8d5b\u52d2\u65af\u00b7\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Cyrus West Field\uff0c 1819-1892\uff09<\/span>\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7535\u62a5\u516c\u53f8<\/span>\uff08Atlantic Telegraph Company\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4efb\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u7535\u673a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8d22\u56e2\u8054\u624b\u4e8e1858\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u5730\u94fa\u8bbe\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u8d8a\u6d0b\u7535\u7f06\u30021858\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u8fd8\u628a\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\u6280\u672f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u4e86\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u7535\u62a5\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7535\u62a5\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7ecf\u5386\u5e76\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6<\/span>\uff08\u552f\u4e00\uff09<\/span>\u201c\u7535\u62a5\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u201d<\/span>\uff08Inventor of the Telegraph\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u573a\u5b98\u53f8\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5236\u9020\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9887\u4e3a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u90fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fc7\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u00b7\u6234\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Harrison Gray Dyar\uff0c1805-1875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6234\u5c14\u65e9\u57281820\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u4f5c\u8fc7\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u7535\u6d41\u5728\u5bfc\u7ebf\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u706b\u82b1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9884\u5148\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u6e7f\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u7559\u4e0b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u6807\u8bb0\u30021827\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u501f\u94b1\u4e70\u7535\u7f06\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u957f\u5c9b\u6210\u529f\u5730\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7535\u62a5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u548c\u8d39\u57ce\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8d1f\u8d23\u5ba1\u7406\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u8bae\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u4e3a\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u540e\u4eba\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4ece\u6234\u5c14\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u83ab\u5c14\u65af1818\u5e74\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7684\u592a\u592a\u662f\u6234\u5c14\u7535\u62a5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a9\u624bCharles Walker\u7684\u59d0\u59d0Lucretia Pickering Walker\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u610f\u89c1\u7eb7\u7e41\uff0c1853\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5224\u8bcd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6234\u5c14\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u6027\u8d28\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u6709\u6210\u529f\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u5224\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u662f\u201c\u7535\u62a5\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\u548c\u5907\u6848\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\uff1a\u7535\u62a5\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u662f\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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5. \u8363\u8a89<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u8363\u8a89\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1848\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u88ab\u9074\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1849\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u88ab\u9074\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u5458<\/span>\uff08Associate Fellow\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1851\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1852\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b26\u817e\u5821\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201c\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u9ad8\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1855\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201c\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u9ad8\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1856\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201c\u8363\u8a89\u519b\u56e2\u9a91\u58eb\u5341\u5b57\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\uff1b\u4e39\u9ea6\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201cDannebrog\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u5341\u5b57\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\uff1b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7687\u540e\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559Isabella\u52cb\u7ae0\u9a91\u58eb\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u5341\u5b57\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1860\u5e74\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201c\u5854\u4e0e\u5251\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1864\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u201c\u5723Maurice and Lazarus\u9a91\u58eb\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe9. \u8a89\u6ee1\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u83ab\u5c14\u65af<\/span><\/p>\n


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1896\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u9762\u503c2\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u949e\u7968\uff0c\u5370\u4e0a\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5bcc\u5c14\u987f<\/span>\uff08Robert Fulton\uff0c1765-1815\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u5934\u50cf\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c8\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u9762\u503c2\u7f8e\u5206\u7684\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7167\u7247\u90ae\u7968\u30021975\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u540d\u4eba\u5802<\/span>\uff08National Inventors Hall of Fame\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u88ab\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u5230\u4e861988\u5e74\uff0cIEEE\u6761\u5217\u7684\u201cList of IEEE Milestones\u201d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u548c\u7ef4\u5c14\u7684\u201c1838\u5e74\u5b9e\u7528\u7535\u62a5\u6f14\u793a\u201d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7535\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u4ef6\u2026\u2026\u5e76\u4e8e 1844 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u5916\uff0cIEEE\u8fd8\u6761\u5217\u4e86\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7801\u57281901\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u65e0\u7ebf\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe10. 1896\u5e74\u76842\u5143\u7f8e\u949e\uff08\u5de6\uff1a\u5bcc\u5c14\u987f\uff0c\u53f3\uff1a\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe11. 1940\u5e74\u76842\u7f8e\u5206\u90ae\u7968<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bf4\u5230\u201c\u65e0\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c1895\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u8baf\u4ece\u6b64\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u7f06\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u5e76\u4e14\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5de5\u7a0b\u6210\u672c\u30021900\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7c4d\u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Fredrick Gorge Creed\uff0c1871-1951\uff09<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7535\u62a5\u6253\u5370\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u628a\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e2d\u8001\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u662f\u53cd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u53cd\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u89c1\u662f\u652f\u6301\u519c\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u70ed\u5fc3\u4ecb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1836 \u5e74\u548c 1841\u5e74\u4e24\u5ea6\u53c2\u52a0\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u957f\u7ade\u9009\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u9010\u6e10\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5168\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\u53bb\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u63a8\u8fdb\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4e8e1818\u5e74\u548cLucretia Pickering Walker\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u751f\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u592b\u4eba\u57281825\u5e74\u56e0\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u79bb\u4e16\u3002\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4e8e1848\u5e74\u518d\u5a5a\uff0c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u592b\u4ebaSarah Elizabeth Griswold\u517b\u80b2\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u753b\u5bb6\u66a8\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u4e8e1872\u5e744\u67082\u65e5\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7481\u5c81\uff0c\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797\u7684Green-Wood \u575f\u573a\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed9\u4e16\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u81f3\u7406\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7acb\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u201cScience and art are not opposed\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe12. \u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u94dc\u50cf\uff08\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e1871\u5e74\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong>
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