{"id":27961,"date":"2021-08-06T22:43:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-06T14:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27961"},"modified":"2021-08-06T22:43:33","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T14:43:33","slug":"%e5%a4%a9%e6%96%b9%e5%a4%9c%e8%b0%ad%ef%bc%8c%e8%ba%b2%e8%bf%87%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4%e7%bb%93%e6%99%b6%e6%b0%b8%e5%8a%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27961","title":{"rendered":"\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\uff0c\u8eb2\u8fc7\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6676\u201c\u6c38\u52a8\u673a\u201d\u5728\u8c37\u6b4c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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quantamagazine<\/span> | \u6765\u6e90<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5728\u672c\u5468\u4e09\u665a<\/span>\uff087\u670828\u65e5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u5728arxiv\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u9884\u5370\u672c\u4e2d[1]\uff0c\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Time crystal\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u3002
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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b0\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u8fd9\u7279\u6b8a\u201c\u7269\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1\uff1a\u5c31\u50cf\u6c38\u52a8\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5728\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u7ffb\u8f6c\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u58f0\u79f0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aQMagazine\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n


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1. \u8eb2\u8fc7\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6b63\u5982\u5fb7\u56fd\u666e\u6717\u514b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005 Roderich Moessner \u6240\u8a00: \u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8eb2\u8fc7\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u603b\u662f\u5728\u589e\u52a0[3]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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The consequence is amazing: You evade the second law of thermodynamics\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7ed3\u679c\u60ca\u4eba: \u4f60\u8eb2\u8fc7\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u53d1\u6253\u7834 “\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027<\/span>\uff08Time-translation symmetry\uff09<\/span>“\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u65e2\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u95f4\u9694\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u76f8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5bf9\u76f8\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u76f8<\/span>\uff08Phase\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u6c34\u6216\u51b0\uff0c\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u73af\u5883\u6e29\u5ea6\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a “\u975e\u5e73\u8861 “\u76f8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u53d1\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u8c37\u6b4c\u56e2\u961f\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Vedika Khemani\u5bf9\u5916\u8868\u793a\uff1a”\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u9886\u57df[4]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u65e9\u57282015\u5e74\uff0cKhemani\u3001Moessner\u3001\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684Shivaji Sondhi\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u62c9\u592b\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684Achilleas Lazarides\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8be5\u76f8\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\uff1b\u7531\u5fae\u8f6fQ Station\u548c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5df4\u5df4\u62c9\u5206\u6821\u7684Chetan Nayak\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ade\u4e89\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u6643\u516d\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7ade\u76f8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5f88\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6807\u51c6[5]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6John Chalker\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u50cf\u8c37\u6b4c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6bd4\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u597d\u5f97\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u505a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d \u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5bf9\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u8c37\u6b4c\u91cf\u5b50\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u6052\u6e29\u5668\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aGoogle\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u56e2\u961f\u57282019\u5e74\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u9738\u6743\u201d\u4f18\u52bf<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u62d4\u5f97\u5934\u7b79\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5934\u6761\u65b0\u95fb[6]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97[7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9996\u6b21\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u968f\u77407\u670828\u65e5\u9884\u5370\u672c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c[8]\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d39\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Richard Feynman\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed61982\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907[9]\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u68a6\u60f3\u6210\u771f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u613f\u666f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u672a\u521b\u9020\u8fc7\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u6210\u5206\u590d\u6742\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e0b\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u914d\u65b9\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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4. \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b7b\u800c\u590d\u751f<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3bFrank Wilczek\u57282012\u5e74\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230”\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u601d\u8003\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4e5f\u4f1a\u601d\u8003\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u7c7b”\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u94bb\u77f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u76f8\u3002\u8be5\u56e2\u5757\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5404\u5904\u90fd\u53d7\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6676\u683c\u70b9\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83 “\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027”\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u80fd\u91cf\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u624d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u81ea\u53d1\u6253\u7834\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Wilczek\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u591a\u90e8\u4ef6\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u94bb\u77f3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027: \u5b83\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Wilczek\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u4e0e\u5899\u4e0a\u7684\u6302\u949f\u6709\u7740\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5899\u4e0a\u7684\u949f\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u7740\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u949f\u8868\u6307\u9488\u4f1a\u71c3\u70e7\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u800cWilczek\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u8d85\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u9760\u8c31\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5bf9\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u4e89\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c2014\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e[10]\uff0cWilczek\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6c38\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6b63\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u3002Khemani\u548c\u5979\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08Sondhi\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u4f53\u5c40\u57df\u5316<\/span>\uff08Many-body localization\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5c40\u57df\u5316\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u662f1958\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5d0e\u5c96\u5730\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u6700\u597d\u88ab\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce2\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u6ce2\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u6563\u5f00\u3002\u4f46Philip Anderson\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7f3a\u9677\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u62b5\u6d88\u3002\u7c92\u5b50\u88ab\u5c40\u57df\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u5e72\u6d89\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08interference effect\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u57282005\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8868\u660e[11]\uff0c\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5386\u591a\u4f53\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6392\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u53d6\u5411<\/span>\uff08\u6216 “\u81ea\u65cb”\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u3002\u518d\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u56db\u4e2a\u81ea\u65cb\u6700\u521d\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u3001\u4e0b\u548c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u65cb\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6ce2\u52a8\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5e72\u6270\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u6392\u7c92\u5b50\u5361\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u6216\u8fdb\u5165\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u3001\u4e0b\u548c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
Sondhi\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u591a\u4f53\u5c40\u57df\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6210\u5206\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ffb\u8f6c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u65cb<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u6848\u5217\u4ea7\u751f\u5411\u4e0b\u3001\u5411\u4e0a\u3001\u5411\u4e0a\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u591a\u4f53\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n
\u56fe3\uff1a\u591a\u4f53\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aSamuel Velasco\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8f97\u8f6c\u52302014\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0cKhemani \u5728\u666e\u6717\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f11\u5047\u671f\u95f4\u52a0\u5165\u4e86 Sondhi\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0cMoessner \u548c Lazarides \u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8c13\u7684 Floquet \u7cfb\u7edf: \u5468\u671f\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u9891\u7387\u7684\u6fc0\u5149\u523a\u6fc0\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u6fc0\u5149\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u53d8\u5316\u7740\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Moessner\u3001Lazarides\u3001Sondhi\u548cKhemani\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4f53\u5c40\u57df\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u9a71\u52a8\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6fc0\u5149\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e72\u6270\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u81ea\u65cb\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u6765\u56de\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u591a\u4f53\u5c40\u57df\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u91cd\u590d\u5faa\u73af\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u795e\u5947\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5438\u6536\u4efb\u4f55\u6fc0\u5149\u7684\u51c0\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u79f0\u4e3a\u03c0\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u76f8<\/span>\uff08\u03c0\u8868\u793a180\u5ea6\u7684\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u57282015\u5e74\u7684\u9884\u5370\u672c[12]\u4e2d\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u76f8\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4f53\u3001\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u76f8<\/span>\uff08many-body, out-of-equilibrium phase\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c “\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53 “\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u57282016\u5e746\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u5feb\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\u672c[13]\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u81f4\u8c22\u4e2d\u611f\u8c22\u4e00\u4f4d\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u03c0\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u76f8\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u5757 Floquet \u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u7ef4\u5c14\u5207\u514b\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6e90\u9a71\u52a8\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7ef4\u5c14\u5207\u514b\u6700\u521d\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u5904\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4f53\u5c40\u57df\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861; \u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u70ed\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u88ab\u6fc0\u5149\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u6cf5\u6d66\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u9650\u5730\u6765\u56de\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4\uff1a\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Vedika Khemani\uff0c\u57282015\u5e74\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0e\u4e09\u4f4d\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u76f8\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aRod Searcey<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6fc0\u5149\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u81ea\u65cb\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u201c\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6fc0\u5149\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u5faa\u73af\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u540e\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6392\u81ea\u65cb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6fc0\u5149\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5468\u671f\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u6fc0\u5149\u5468\u671f\u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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Khemani\u548c\u5408\u8457\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46Nayak\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u53d1\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u574f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u6027\u611f\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06 Floquet \u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7565\u5fae\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230 \u03c0 \u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u76f8\u4e4b\u5916<\/span>\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u57282016\u5e748\u6708\u7684\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u5feb\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a[14]\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\uff0cKhemani \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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5. \u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5e73\u53f0<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
Nayak\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u4e0e\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Chris Monroe \u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4[15]\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u201c\u9884\u70ed\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u8df3\u8dc3\uff09<\/span>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f46\u4e0e\u94bb\u77f3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u70ed\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd0\u884c\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e8e\u662f\u4e4e\uff0cKhemani\u3001Sondhi\u3001Moessner\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u53e6\u8f9f\u8e4a\u5f84\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u642d\u8f66\u3002\u81f32019\u5e74\uff0c\u8c37\u6b4c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5176Sycamore\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728200\u79d2\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9700\u89811\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002(\u867d\u7136\u540e\u6765<\/span>IBM\u8d28\u7591\u8c37\u6b4c\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f18\u52bf\u201d<\/span><\/a>[16]\uff0c<\/span>\u963f\u91cc\u53d1\u6587\u5426\u5b9a\u8c37\u6b4c\u91cf\u5b50\u9738\u6743<\/span><\/a>[17]\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u7ee7\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\uff09\u3002Moessner\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u516c\u544a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c”Sycamore\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5305\u542b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u4ef6\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0Floquet\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f”\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5076\u7136\u7684\u662f\uff0cSycamore\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u673a\u5668\u627e\u53ef\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u53f0\u539f\u578b\u673a\u5668\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5f53Khemani\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6Kostya Kechedzhi\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5f88\u5feb\u540c\u610f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u3002Kechedzhi\u8bf4\uff1a”\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u3002”<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u89c6\u9891: \u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e24\u7801\u4e8b <\/span><\/section>\n

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