{"id":27970,"date":"2021-08-06T22:43:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-06T14:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27970"},"modified":"2021-08-06T22:43:33","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T14:43:33","slug":"%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%ef%bc%9a%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e6%8f%ad%e7%a4%ba%e6%95%b4%e4%bd%93%e6%80%8e%e6%a0%b7%e5%a4%a7%e4%ba%8e%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86%e4%b9%8b%e5%92%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=27970","title":{"rendered":"\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u63ed\u793a\u6574\u4f53\u600e\u6837\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u548c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/strong>\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u667a\u6167\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b9e\u4f53\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5176\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u672c\u8bdd\u9898\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u79d1\u7814\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/strong>\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c8\u670814\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u4e0a\u53489:00-11:00\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba1 7-8 \u5468\u30028\u670814\u65e5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u5c06\u7531\u5f20\u6c5f\u6559\u6388\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8be6\u60c5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1\u540e\u6587\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Olena Shmahalo<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<\/span>\uff08William James\uff09<\/span>1890\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u4e0e\u6731\u4e3d\u53f6\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u4e0e\u6784\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u201c\u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u60f3\u8981\u6731\u4e3d\u53f6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u94c1\u5c51\u60f3\u8981\u9760\u8fd1\u78c1\u94c1\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u969c\u788d\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u76f4\u7ebf\u5730\u5411\u5979\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u201d\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u4e0e\u6731\u4e3d\u53f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u5835\u5899\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u78c1\u94c1\u5bf9\u94c1\u5c51\u4e00\u6837\u611a\u8822\u5730\u628a\u8138\u8d34\u5728\u5899\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc2\u56de\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6500\u722c\u5899\u58c1\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4eb2\u543b\u6731\u4e3d\u53f6\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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2017\u5e74\uff0c29\u5c81\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u970d\u5c14<\/span> (Erik Hoel) <\/span>[1]\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0[2]\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ed6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4f53<\/span>\uff08agents\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5177\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08the reductionist assumption\uff09<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u667a\u80fd\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0d\u5b58\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u4e3b\u4f53\uff1a\u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4ed6\u5927\u8111\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4f46\u970d\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08causal emergence\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u970d\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8868\u660e\u5177\u6709\u65bd\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u4e0e\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u5206\u6821\u7684\u62c9\u91cc\u8428\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u73ed\u5854\u57fa\u65af\u548c\u6731\u5229\u5965\u00b7\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5[3]\u3002\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u54e6\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8ba9\u6211\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u2019\u2014\u2014\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe1\uff1a\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u970d\u5c14 (Erik Hoel) \uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u970d\u5c14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u66f4\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5723\u8fbe\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u5fb7\u8fea\u5965<\/span>\uff08Simon DeDeo\uff09<\/span>\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c”\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6b32\u671b\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u201c\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u624d\u662f\u8c08\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u201d\u5fb7\u8fea\u5965\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u5c5e\u6027\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9636\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u81ea 2013 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5fb7\u8fea\u5965\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u6cd5\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u5728 2017\u5e74 5 \u6708\u4efd\u53d1\u8868\u5728Entropy<\/em>\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587[4]\u4e2d\uff0c\u970d\u5c14\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7f6e\u4e8e\u66f4\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u83b7\u5f97\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u529b\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ea0\u9519\u7801<\/span>\uff08error-correcting codes\uff09<\/span>\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u9053\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u58f0<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9999\u519c<\/span>\uff08Claude Shannon\uff09<\/span>\u57281948\u5e74\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u2014\u2014\u970d\u5c14\u58f0\u79f0\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u5177\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u201d\u5357\u975e\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u57c3\u5229\u65af[5]<\/span>\uff08George Ellis\uff09<\/span>\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u970d\u5c14\u7684\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5199\u8fc7\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0[6]\u3002\u57c3\u5229\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8bb8\u591a\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d85\u5bfc\u6027\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u76f8<\/span>\uff08topological phases\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bf4\uff0c\u50cf\u9e1f\u7fa4\u548c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u50cf\u6676\u4f53\u548c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c1a\u672a\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e16\u754c\u53ca\u5176\u5965\u79d8\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7528\u9014\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u88ab\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5373\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\uff1f\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a20\u540d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e26\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7b54\u6848\u5404\u6292\u5df1\u89c1\u3002\u201d\u5fb7\u8fea\u5965\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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1. \u6709\u5173\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u9152\u540e\u9a7e\u9a76\u4e8b\u6545\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u533b\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5668\u5b98\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u6307\u51fa\u5bf9\u9152\u7cbe\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u56db\u56e0\u8bf4\uff0c\u201d\u5fb7\u8fea\u5965\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u89e6\u6478\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529b\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u6563\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u79bb\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u5927\u578b\u5f3a\u5b50\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u78b0\u649e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6709\u592a\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u96be\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u9884\u6d4b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u529b\u662f\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u201c\u6392\u4ed6\u8bba\u8bc1<\/span>\uff08exclusion argument\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6e90\u81ea\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba8\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bfb\u627e\u81f4\u547d\u8f66\u7978\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6216\u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f00\u59cb\u6500\u767b\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u76f4\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u653e\u7535\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u5fb7\u8fea\u5965\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u970d\u5c14\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8c08\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe2\uff1a\u6731\u5229\u5965\u00b7\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\uff08Giulio Tononi\uff09\u662f\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u5206\u6821\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5bf9\u7761\u7720\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u970d\u5c14\u53cb\u5584\u4e14\u56db\u80a2\u7c97\u58ee\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5bb6\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u7ebd\u4f2f\u91cc\u6ce2\u7279\u7684\u4e66\u5e97Jabberwocky\u4e2d\u957f\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u672c\u79d1\u65f6\u5b66\u4e60\u521b\u610f\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88ab\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ea7\u751f?\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u62e5\u6709\u5b83\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6025\u9700\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5c1a\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e86\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5dde\u7684\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u5728\u970d\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u800c\u975e\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u6bd4\u7279<\/span>\uff08bits\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u201c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u6574\u5408\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Integrated information theory\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u968f\u540e\u5c31\u5176\u662f\u5426\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u51c6\u786e\u548c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u970d\u5c14\u4e8e2010\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6765\u5230\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u59d4\u6258\u970d\u5c14\u63a2\u7d22\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6570\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u54ea\u79cd\u96c6\u6210\u89c4\u6a21\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u970d\u5c14\u4e3a\u6b64\u81ea\u5b66\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u970d\u5c14\u5f88\u5feb\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5316\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u201d \u4ed6\u8fd8\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6731\u8fea\u4e9a\u00b7\u73c0\u5c14[7]<\/span>\uff08Judea Pearl\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6f14\u7b97<\/span>\uff08causal calculus\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u73ed\u5854\u57fa\u65af\u548c\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u970d\u5c14\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u529b\u5ea6\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8ba1\u7b97\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u968f\u7740\u4f60\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5355\u5143\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u94fe<\/span>\uff08Markov chains\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u8fbe\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u6548\u529b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f46\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u4e22\u5931\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u73ed\u5854\u57fa\u65af\u731c\u6d4b\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5fae\u67f1<\/span>\uff08neuronal microcolumns\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u5927\u7ea6100\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u970d\u5c14\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u6027\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e24\u7ec410\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002A\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u90fd\u4e0eB\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5f53A\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6fc0\u6d3b\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4B\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e5f\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6fc0\u53d1\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c A \u7ec4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f {1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0}\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d1\u548c0\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6fc0\u6d3b\u548c\u4e0d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u7ed3\u679cB\u7ec4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u76841\u548c0\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0cB\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u516d\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u516d\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6240\u6709A\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u603b\u6570\u3002A\u7ec4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f{6}\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4B\u7ec4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u4e3a {6}\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6b63\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u8fdb\u884c\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u970d\u5c14\u5df2\u52a0\u5165\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u6590\u5c14\u00b7\u5c24\u65af\u7279<\/span>\uff08Rafael Yuste\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u90fd\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u56e0\u679c\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e94\u8be5\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u970d\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u8111\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u201d \u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u89c6\u4e3a\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u4ee3\u7406\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u201d\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5a01\u5ec9\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u53d1\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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2. \u65b0\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8428\u62c9\u00b7\u6c83\u514b<\/span>\uff08Sara Walker\uff09<\/span>[8]\u662f\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5929\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5979\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5979\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u975e\u751f\u547d\u548c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7070\u8272\u533a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u75c5\u6bd2\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u5904\u5728\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e26\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6c83\u514b\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e0e\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c[8]\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed1\u76d2\u5316<\/span>\uff08black-boxing\uff09<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u5316\u3002\u9ed1\u76d2\u5316\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d2\u5b50\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u76d2\u5b50\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u201c\u9ed1\u76d2\u5316\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u666e\u904d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u201d\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\u5728\u4e00\u5c01\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6c83\u514b\u4e5f\u662f\u970d\u5c14\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7c89\u4e1d\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u5982\u6b64\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8be5\u5f80\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u6b67\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u60e0\u987f\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6bd5\u6653\u666e<\/span>\uff08Robert Bishop\uff09<\/span>\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u201d \u970d\u5c14\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u6bd5\u6653\u666e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u970d\u5c14\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u65af\u6c40\u5206\u6821\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u4f26\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Scott Aaronson\uff09<\/span>\u7559\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u5e76\u4e0d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u970d\u5c14\u6700\u8fd1\u4e3aFoundational Questions Institute \u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201cAgent Above, Atom below\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u4e0e\u6731\u4e3d\u53f6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff09<\/span>\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u4f26\u68ee\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u8005\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u597d\u5427\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u786e\u5b9e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6392\u4ed6\u8bba\u8bc1\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u3002\u970d\u5c14\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u6bd4\u963f\u4f26\u68ee\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u8981\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u201c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u96be\u5728\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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<\/section>\n

\u56fe3\uff1a\u62c9\u91cc\u8428\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u73ed\u5854\u57fa\u65af\uff08Larissa Albantakis\uff09\uff0c\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u5206\u6821\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u963f\u4f26\u68ee\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u970d\u5c14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u65e8\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e8b\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4e0a\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u67e5\u9ed8\u65af<\/span>\uff08David Chalmers\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6709\u5173\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u548c\u201c\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u95ee\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c06\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u5417\uff1f\u201d Hedda Hassel M\u00f8rch\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u67e5\u5c14\u9ed8\u65af\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u5bfc\u81f4\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6743\u529b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u8003\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u9a73\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e86\u89e3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5b87\u5b99\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e3b\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e45\u753b\u9762\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u201c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u201d\u963f\u5c14\u73ed\u5854\u57fa\u65af\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u771f\u7684\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6216\u91cf\u5417\uff1f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201d \u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6b63\u5982\u963f\u4f26\u68ee\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u4ece\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u593a\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u7740\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u6247\u95e8\uff0c\u201d\u970d\u5c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8bc1\u660e\u90a3\u6247\u95e8\u80fd\u5fae\u5fae\u6253\u5f00\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6325\u624b\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u53ea\u662f\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\u4e86<\/span>\uff08\u8fde\u540c\u9ad8\u9636\u56e0\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u4f2a\u5427\uff01\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
[1]http:\/\/www.erikphoel.com\/<\/span><\/section>\n
[2]http:\/\/fqxi.org\/community\/forum\/topic\/2873<\/span><\/section>\n
[3]https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/110\/49\/19790.short<\/span><\/section>\n
[4]https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/19\/5\/188<\/span><\/section>\n
[5]http:\/\/math_research.uct.ac.za\/~ellis\/<\/span><\/section>\n
[6]https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1212.2275<\/span><\/section>\n
[7]http:\/\/bayes.cs.ucla.edu\/jp_home.html<\/span><\/section>\n
[8]https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1608.03461<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u539f\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
A Theory of Reality as More Than the Sum of Its Parts<\/span><\/section>\n
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/a-theory-of-reality-as-more-than-the-sum-of-its-parts-20170601\/<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u62a5\u540d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5177\u4f53\u5730\uff0c\u672c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u7efc\u5408\u9605\u8bfb\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n