{"id":28187,"date":"2021-08-17T22:49:49","date_gmt":"2021-08-17T14:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28187"},"modified":"2021-08-17T22:49:49","modified_gmt":"2021-08-17T14:49:49","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e4%b8%ba%e4%bd%95%e5%a6%82%e6%ad%a4%e8%80%97%e8%83%bd%ef%bc%9f%e6%af%94%e8%be%83%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e4%b8%8e%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%e7%9a%84%e4%bb%a3%e8%b0%a2%e8%83%bd%e6%95%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28187","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u8111\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u8017\u80fd\uff1f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u80fd\u6548"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Vijay Balasubramanian<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u6fb3<\/span> | \u7ffb\u8bd1<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6881\u91d1<\/span> | <\/strong><\/span>\u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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1. \u5927\u8111\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u4e4b\u8c1c<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4eba\u8111\u4ec5\u5360\u4f53\u91cd\u7684 2%\uff0c\u5374\u5360\u4eba\u4f53\u4ee3\u8c22\u8d1f\u8377\u7684 20% [1-3]\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6210\u672c\u662f\u808c\u8089\u768410\u500d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u5728\u5927\u7ea6 20 W \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9884\u7b97\u4e0b\u521b\u4f5c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u827a\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u822a\u5929\u5668\u2014\u2014\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7528\u6765\u5199\u4f5c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u9700\u8981 80 W \u7684\u80fd\u8017\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u7684\u80fd\u8017\u7b80\u76f4\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u4f55\u5904\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u6602\uff1f\u5927\u8111\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7845\u57fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6548\u7387\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002Attwell \u548c Laughlin [4] \u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u6548\u5e94\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5360\u5927\u8111\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7<\/span>\uff08ATP\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff09<\/span>\u6d88\u8017\u7684 80%\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7684\u652f\u6301 [5, 6]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u529f\u80fd\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9650\u5236\u5927\u8111\u5c3a\u5bf8\u548c\u7f29\u653e\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08size and scaling\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6709\u6548\u8fde\u7ebf\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08\u5206\u7ea7\u7535\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57<\/span>\uff08\u5c16\u5cf0\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u795e\u7ecf\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6cbf\u795e\u7ecf\u675f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u89c4\u6a21\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7b49[8-17]\u3002Sterling \u548c Laughlin [18] \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u3002Levy \u548c Calvert [19] \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u5927\u8111\u529f\u7387\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6210\u672c\u6bd4\u8ba1\u7b97\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Levy \u548c Calvert [19] \u4ee5\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u732e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u80fd\u8017\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u8017\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u901a\u4fe1\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6307\u4fe1\u606f\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u7801\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u8868\u5f81\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u6cbf\u89c6\u795e\u7ecf\u4ece\u773c\u775b\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89c6\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u8f93\u5165-\u8f93\u51fa\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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Levy \u548c Calvert \u5728\u5148\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u4f30\u8ba1\u6216\u9884\u6d4b<\/strong>\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8109\u51b2\u95f4\u9694\u5185<\/span>\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e24\u6b21\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u6781\u5176\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5305\u542b\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u89c6\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u95e8\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8109\u51b2\u95f4\u9694\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u901f\u7387\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f V1 \u533a<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1\uff09<\/span> \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u89c6\u795e\u7ecf\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u6761\u6c34\u5e73\u7ebf\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe1.\u521d\u7ea7\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\uff08V1\uff09\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5185\u4fa7\u6795\u53f6\u7684\u8ddd\u72b6\u6c9f\u4e2d\uff08\u540e\u8111\u52fa\u5de6\u53f3\u4fa7\uff09\u3002V1\u662f\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u89c6\u89c9\u5904\u7406\u533a\u57df\uff0c LGN\uff08\u5916\u4fa7\u819d\u72b6\u4f53\u6838\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e18\u8111\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u89c6\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8f74\u7a81\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u81f3V1\u76ae\u5c42\u3002
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\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8109\u51b2\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u5174\u594b\u6027\u7535\u6d41\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u79bb\u5b50\u68af\u5ea6\u7684 ATP \u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8bf8\u5982\u8f74\u7a81\u9759\u606f\u7535\u4f4d\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u548c\u56ca\u6ce1\u56de\u6536\u7b49\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u901a\u4fe1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u5173\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684 35 \u500d<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5173\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d2\u6d88\u8017 ATP \u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d2\u6d88\u8017\u7126\u8033\u8ba1\uff09<\/span> [19]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u8017\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e [4] \u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6b63\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u8005\u8868\u660e\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u6548\u5e94\u652f\u914d\u7740\u5927\u8111\u7684\u529f\u8017\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e [15] \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u4f1a\u8ffd\u8e2a\u653e\u7535\u7387\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f74\u7a81\u7684\u7c97\u7ec6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7a81\u89e6\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u80fd\u8017\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u5360\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u8017\u7684 65% [20]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u5148\u524d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u732e[4]\u4e0e[15]\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u732e[19]\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0cLevy \u548c Calvert \u8fd8\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c27% \u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u80fd\u91cf\u652f\u51fa\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7a81\u89e6\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u808c\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u805a\u5408\u3001\u819c\u5408\u6210\u548c\u63ba\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u751f\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5316\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5927\u8111\u5c06\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe2.\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7531\u80de\u4f53\uff08cell body\uff09\uff0c\u6811\u7a81\uff08dendrite\uff09\u548c\u8f74\u7a81\uff08axon\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8f74\u7a81\u7684\u6700\u8fdc\u7aef\u662f\u7a81\u89e6\uff08synapse\uff09\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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3. \u5927\u8111\u8017\u80fd\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u542f\u53d1<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\uff0cLevy \u548c Calvert \u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u76ae\u5c42\u7070\u8d28\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6 3 W \u7684\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u636e\u5927\u8111\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u6444\u53d6\u91cf\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5927\u8111\u529f\u7387\u6d88\u8017\u4e3a 17~20 W [1 , 2]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 10% \u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6 9W \u4ee5\u70ed\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u8017\u6563\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f9b\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5bf9\u76ae\u5c42\u7070\u8d28 3 W \u7684\u529f\u8017\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0e Lennie [21] \u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f46 Lennie \u4f7f\u7528 20 \u5e74\u524d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u91cf\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u5212\u5206\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5927\u811150%\u7684\u529f\u8017\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\uff09<\/span>\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u7a81\u89e6\u6570\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u63a5\u901a\u7387<\/span>\uff08success rate\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7070\u8d28\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u80fd\u8017\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a<\/span>2\u00d710-9<\/sup><\/span><\/math-formula>W\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e Herculano-Houzel\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u81f4[22] \u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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Levy \u548c Calvert \u6839\u636e\u566a\u58f0\u795e\u7ecf\u79ef\u5206\u5668\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u5927\u8111\u6bcf\u7126\u8033\u80fd\u8017\u6240\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6bcf\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u8017\u662f Landauer \u7406\u60f3\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6781\u9650*[23] \u7684<\/span>108<\/sup><\/span><\/math-formula>\u500d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u6e90\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c<\/span>\uff08Landauer \u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u751f\u7269\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4ed4\u7ec6\u68c0\u9a8c\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u8ba1\u7b97\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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*\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span>Landauer \u539f\u7406\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u64e6\u96641\u6bd4\u7279\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u4ea7\u751fk<\/span>B<\/sub>Tln2 \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8017\u6563\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aLandauer\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u5728 Levy \u548c Calvert \u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u9884\u7b97\u548c\u6bcf\u7126\u8033\u80fd\u8017\u6240\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u76ae\u8d28\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8f93\u5165\u7a81\u89e6\u6570\u4e58\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u63a5\u901a\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a 2000 \u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u7126\u8033\u80fd\u8017\u6240\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u4f30\u503c\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u795e\u7ecf\u653e\u7535\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u7a76 [11, 13]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7814\u7a76 [14, 17]\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5730\u5206\u6790\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u56de\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe3. \u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u7eff\u8272\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\u76ae\u8d28\u533a\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6a59\u8272\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u4f5c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u4e2a\u76ae\u8d28\u533a\u57df\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002Levy \u548c Calvert \u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u800c\u8a00\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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Levy \u548c Calvert \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u9762\u89e3\u91ca\u533a\u57df\u8111\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08fMRI\uff09<\/span>\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u4ee3\u8c22\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602 [7] \u53ca\u4ee3\u8c22\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784 [8, 22]  \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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Levy \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5bf9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u667a\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\u7531\u5927\u8111\u7070\u8d28\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u4ec5\u97003W\u7684\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u52a0\u4e0a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6e29\u76849W\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u8017\u4e5f\u6bd4\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u4f4e\u51fa\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u901f\u7387\u548c\u80fd\u8017\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u51cf\u89c4\u5f8b\u5c06\u63a8\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5411\u5f02\u6784\u67b6\u6784\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u5404\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u7279\u5b9a\u5355\u5143\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5355\u5143\u4ee5\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u8d28\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>[17]\u3002Levy \u548c Calvert \u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5411\u5f02\u6784\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u5fc5\u987b\u5e73\u8861\u597d\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u672c\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5355\u5143\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u662f\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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[1] L. Sokoloff, \u201cThe metabolism of the central nervous system in vivo\u201d in Neurophysiology, J. Field, H. W. Magoun, V. E. Hall, Eds. (Handbook of Physiology, <\/span>American Physiological Society, 1960), sec. 1, vol. 3, pp. 1843\u20131864.<\/span><\/section>\n
[2] B. K. Siesj\u00f6, Brain Energy Metabolism (John Wiley, 1978).<\/span><\/section>\n
[3] D. F. Rolfe, G. C. Brown, Cellular energy utilization and molecular origin of standard metabolic rate in mammals. Physiol. Rev. 77, 731\u2013758 (1997).<\/span><\/section>\n
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[5] A. Ames 3rd, CNS energy metabolism as related to function. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 34, 4 2\u201368 (2000).<\/span><\/section>\n
[6] V. Braitenberg, A. Sch\u00fcz, Anatomy of the Cortex: Statistics and Geometry (Springer Science & Business Media, 2013), vol. 18<\/span><\/section>\n
[7] L. C. Aiello, P. Wheeler, The expensive-tissue hypothesis: The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution. Curr. Anthropol. 36, 199\u2013221 <\/span>(1995).<\/span><\/section>\n
[8] K. Fonseca-Azevedo, S. Herculano-Houzel, Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution. Proc. Natl. <\/span>Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 18571\u201318576 (2012).<\/span><\/section>\n
[9] D. B. Chklovskii, A. A. Koulakov, Maps in the brain: What can we learn from them? Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27, 3 6 9\u2013392 (2004).<\/span><\/section>\n
[10] R. Sarpeshkar, Analog versus digital: Extrapolating from electronics to neurobiology. Neural Comput. 10, 1601\u20131638 (1998).<\/span><\/section>\n
[11] W. B. Levy, R. A. Baxter, Energy efficient neural codes. Neural Comput. 8, 531\u2013543 (1996).<\/span><\/section>\n
[12] B. T. Vincent, R. J. Baddeley, T. Troscianko, I. D. Gilchrist, Is the early visual system optimised to be energy efficient? Network 16, 1 7 5\u2013190 (2005).<\/span><\/section>\n
[13] V. Balasubramanian, D. Kimber, M. J. Berry, 2nd, Metabolically efficient information processing. Neural Comput. 13, 7 9 9\u2013815 (2001).<\/span><\/section>\n
[14] K. Koch et al., How much the eye tells the brain. Curr. Biol. 16, 1428\u20131434 (2006).<\/span><\/section>\n
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