{"id":28285,"date":"2021-08-21T23:58:44","date_gmt":"2021-08-21T15:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28285"},"modified":"2021-08-21T23:58:44","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T15:58:44","slug":"nature%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%89%b9%e5%88%8a%ef%bc%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%af%b921%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%9c%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28285","title":{"rendered":"Nature\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7279\u520a\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5bf921\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/strong>\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u7b49\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u5728\u751f\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1f\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0cNature<\/em> \u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u89c2\u70b9\u6027\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7279\u520a\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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Lazer, D., Hargittai, E., Freelon, D. et al.<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u6db5\u83c1<\/span> | <\/strong><\/span>\u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d75\u96e8\u4ead\u3001\u6881\u91d1<\/span> | <\/strong><\/span>\u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Meaningful measures of human society in the twenty-first century<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03660-7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u6210\u500d\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u6c7d\u8f66\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u5728\u7ebf\u6d4f\u89c8\u3002\u536b\u661f\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u626b\u63cf\u5730\u7403\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u97f3\u9891\u548c\u89c6\u9891\uff09<\/span>\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bf8\u5982\u4e66\u7c4d[1]\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad[2]\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u8282\u76ee[3]\u7b49\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6570\u636e\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6d41\u52a8\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ece\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u5370\u5237\u54c1\u518d\u5230\u4f20\u771f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u8010\u7528\u3001\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\u88ab\u6570\u5b57\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6790[4]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u53ef\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u65e8\u5728\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6f14\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7531\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u4eec\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u5730<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u610f\u5730\uff09<\/span>\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5c06\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4eea\u5668\uff09<\/span>\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c[78]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u53cd\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u91cf\u5ea6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u65e9\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ece\u4f17\u201d\u548c\u201c\u52a3\u52bf\u201d\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5bf9\u6295\u7968\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8d62\u5bb6\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6295\u7968\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u4f17\u6548\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u4f1a\u8f93\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301<\/span>\uff08\u52a3\u52bf\u6548\u5e94\uff09<\/span>[<\/span>7]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u5e94\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[8,9]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u626d\u66f2\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u3001\u6267\u6cd5\u3001\u91cf\u5211\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u62db\u8058\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u51b3\u7b56\u4e5f\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u8fd9\u4e9b\u626d\u66f2\u3002[10,11]<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\u8fd8\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[12,13]\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6307\u6807\u4e2d\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u8c37\u6b4c\u57282008\u5e74\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u611f\u8d8b\u52bf\u9879\u76ee<\/span>\uff08Flu Trends Project\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u641c\u7d22\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u6d41\u611f\u75c7\u72b6\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57282013\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5927\u5927\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u6d41\u611f\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u641c\u7d22\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6d41\u611f\u75c7\u72b6\uff09<\/span>\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8bcd\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u8c37\u6b4c\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f[14]\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u7cca\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6545\u610f\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a21\u7cca\u6216\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5e72\u6270\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e2d\u65ad\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u6a21\u7cca\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u7f16\u8f91\u8f6e\u5ed3\u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u9762\u90e8\u8bc6\u522b\uff1b\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u7f51\u9875\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u7f51<\/span>\uff08VPN\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u9690\u85cf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8eab\u4efd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u6237\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u63a9\u76d6\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282[15]\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u56e0\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u884c\u4e3a\u75d5\u8ff9\u88ab\u53cd\u9988\u5230\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u76d1\u89c6\u4e2d\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u6709\u610f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u6492\u8c0e\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65bd\u6a21\u7cca\u5904\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u673a\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b57\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u6027\u8d28\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u6210\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7b54\u6848[16]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cf\u5ea6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f3a\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5d4c\u5165\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u6d4b\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u54c8\u52c3\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u5728\u89c2\u6d4b\u6052\u661f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u6052\u661f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6355\u6349\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1f\u8d23\u754c\u5b9a\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u964d\u4f4e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65e7\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c<\/span>\uff08GDP\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5730\u57df\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u4ecd\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u5bf9\u65e7\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u628a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9009\u4e3e\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span>\uff08American National Election Studies\uff09<\/span>[1<\/span>7]\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7535\u53f0\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u521d\u6e90\u4e8e1978\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4f60\u5728\u7535\u53f0\u542c\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e24\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u2018\u9009\u4e3e\u2019\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u6709\u9650\u79bb\u6563\u5355\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u5a92\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u65f6\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u95ee\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u6355\u6349\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u63a8\u7279\uff1f\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4f60\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u63a8\u7279\u8d26\u6237\uff1f\u201d\u5728\u5b9a\u91cf\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8861\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u9650\u5236\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u79d1\u5b66\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe1\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u5e94\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u624b\u673a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u548cTwitter\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e16\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u4eea\u5668\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u65b9\u68461\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5ea6\u91cf\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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\u5ea6\u91cf\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u8fa9\u8bba\u6216\u7ecf\u9a8c\u96be\u9898\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5ea6\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u79ef\u6781\u6784\u5efa\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u79d1\u5b66\u5ea6\u91cf\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u9075\u5faa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u79d1\u5b66\u52a8\u673a\u6307\u5bfc\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u878d\u5408\u3002\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5904\u7406\u6210\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u6f14\u7ece\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u4ece\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u7684\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f14\u7ece\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\u5206\u6790\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53cd\u9988\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u7b56\u5e72\u9884\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u4eea\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u4eea\u5668\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4ece\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u56de\u6536\u800c\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u8de8\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5927[18]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3001\u62a5\u544a\u7279\u5b9a\u7eac\u5ea6\u548c\u7ecf\u5ea6\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6d4b\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1\u5ea6\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6355\u6349\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5ea6\u91cf\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u914d\uff1f\u6784\u60f3\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u504f\u79bb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf\u624b\u673a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9057\u6f0f\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u8dd1\u6b65\u673a\uff09\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u67e5\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7f3a\u5931\uff1f\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u56de\u7b54\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9a71\u52a8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u4f7f\u7528\u4eea\u5668\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684[19]\uff0c\u6b63\u89c4\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u79cd\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7528\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5ea6\u91cf\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u8ffd\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u57ce\u5e02\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u533a<\/span>\uff08\u5174\u8da3\u56e2\u4f53\u6216\u516c\u53f8\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u65e0\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u7fa4\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u9752\u5e74\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u53e3\u7fa4\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u8fd8\u662f\u8d22\u52a1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5173\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6700\u597d\u6536\u96c6\u5173\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6837\u672c\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e10%\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u62db\u8058\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u53ca\u7387\u53c2\u5dee\u4e0d\u9f50\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173[40]\u3002<\/span>
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\u5f53\u53ea\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u6cdb\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5927\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684Twitter\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7814\u7a76[49]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u900f\u9732\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u7684Twitter\u7528\u6237\uff1f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76[50]\u4e5f\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u515a\u6d3e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5c11\u6570Facebook\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u900f\u9732\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff1f\u6309\u7167\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8be5\u6837\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7[51]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08Facebook\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u9886\u5730\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8865\u507f\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u586b\u8865\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ece\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u62b9\u53bb\u7684\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u6536\u5165\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u536b\u661f\u56fe\u50cf\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u7403\u5357\u65b9<\/span>\uff08Global South\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u8d2b\u56f0\u6307\u6807[53]\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u673a\u5236\u7684\u2014\u2014\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u624b\u673a\u6bd4\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u8981\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u675c\u6ce2\u4f9d\u65af<\/span>\uff08W. E. B. Du Bois \uff09<\/span>\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u548c 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6570\u636e\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904[54]\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u653f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6700\u5371\u9669\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5ea6\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u4f26\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u4ed6\u5904\u83b7\u5f97[18,64,65,66]\uff1b\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e94\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc6\u522b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u533f\u540d\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684[69]\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u533f\u540d\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u5dee\u5206\u9690\u79c1\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5141\u8bb8\u5411\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6dfb\u52a0\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u533f\u540d\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc6\u522b[70,71]\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6298\u8877\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u589e\u5f3a\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6548\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u662fSocial Science One project \u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9Facebook\u6570\u636e[72]<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68462\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u96be\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\u4eec\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86Social Science One\u548cFacebook 2020 Election Research Project\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u63a8\u7279\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u671f\u671b\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5c65\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u6765\u63a9\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u63d0\u53ca<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6216\u6f14\u793a\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\u8bf8\u5982\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u6ce8\u6216\u9a9a\u6270\uff1f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u533f\u540d\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u54a8\u8be2\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u504f\u597d[73]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6b65\u9aa4\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5148\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u533b\u9662\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u662f\u7531\u5ea6\u91cf\u8bef\u5dee\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u65e2\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898[11]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5e73\u53f0\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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– \u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u5e73\u53f0\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u800c\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fc7\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
– \u79c1\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u6301\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u5916\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u5176\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u79c1\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u6301\u6709\u8005\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
– \u5982\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u6301\u6709\u8005\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6301\u6709\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
– \u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u53f0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u521d\u4ee3\u8303\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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Social Science One\uff1a\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u6279\u51c6\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u5dee\u5206\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u603b\u4f53Facebook\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u52a9[72]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
The Facebook 2020 Election Research Project\uff1a\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u6d89\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0eFacebook\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dFacebook\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5148\u5907\u6848\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e13\u5bb6\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u4e13\u5bb6\u8fd8\u76d1\u7763\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4eab\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u6743[77]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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– \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u573a\u666f\u65f6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6cc4\u5bc6\u6216\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e49\u52a1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
– \u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u533f\u540d\u5316\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u566a\u58f0\uff09<\/span>\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6743\u8861\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
– \u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e16\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f55\u79cd\u9690\u79c1\u671f\u671b\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
– \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u540c\u610f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
– \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u8fb9\u7f18\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5468\u56f4\u4f46\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u5916\u6ea2\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f26\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u540c\u610f\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n


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\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08social computing\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u5feb\u901f\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u3001\u81ea<\/span>\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u78b0\u649e\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a8\u52a8\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4ee5\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u300d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5df2\u4e3e\u529e12\u671f\u3002\u7531\u591a\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u7275\u5934\uff0c\u7814\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u524d\u6cbf\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u6fc0\u53d1\u79d1\u7814\u7075\u611f\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7531\u738b\u7855\u8001\u5e08\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u5305\u62ec\u5b5f\u5c0f\u5cf0\u3001\u7f57\u5bb6\u5fb7\u3001\u738b\u6653\u3001\u5415\u9e4f\u3001\u738b\u9759\u8fdc\u3001\u674e\u52c7\u7b49\u591a\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u672c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u96c6\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u52a0\u5f3a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u52a0\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8be6\u60c5\u4ee5\u53ca\u62a5\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u878d\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u62db\u52df<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n