{"id":28592,"date":"2021-09-03T22:46:56","date_gmt":"2021-09-03T14:46:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28592"},"modified":"2021-09-03T22:46:56","modified_gmt":"2021-09-03T14:46:56","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f%e6%9b%be%e7%bb%8f%e5%a4%9a%e6%ac%a1%e5%8f%91%e7%94%9f%ef%bc%9f%e5%a4%9a%e9%87%8d%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%e6%8e%a2%e5%af%bb%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e8%b5%b7%e6%ba%90%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28592","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u591a\u91cd\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u5bfb\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2021\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u300a\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5316\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08Journal of Molecular Evolution\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u591a\u5c42\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8def\u5f84\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u8981\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f97\u591a\u2014\u2014\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/strong><\/section>\n


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Christopher Kempes, David Krakauer<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e09\u7ef4<\/span> | \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

The Multiple Paths to Multiple Life<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00239-021-10016-2<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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    \u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u591a\u5c42\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6e90\u81ea\u591a\u91cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u5373\u751f\u547d\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u540c\u6e90\u7269\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u8d77\u6e90\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u5927\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u82e5\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u8fdb\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u50cf\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5957\u5f0f\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5c42<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u5927\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u5c42<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u80fd\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u8d28\u6599\u5c42<\/span>\uff08\u5982DNA\u6216RNA\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8d28\u6599\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5173\u952e\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    \u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b83\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u539f\u5219\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6311\u6218\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Cleland 2019; Goldenfeld and Woese 2011; Goldenfeld et al.  2017; Walker et al. 2017; Walker 2017; Davies and Walker 2016; Walker et al. 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8d28\u6599\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4ee4\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u7740\u8ff7\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u6216\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Langton 1984; von Neumann 1966; Langton et al. 1992, 1994; K\u00fcppers 1990; Yockey 2005; Walker and Davies 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5728\u901a\u7528\u6027\u548c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a(1)\u751f\u7269\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u7269\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1f(2)\u82e5\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u547d\uff1f\u63a8\u800c\u5e7f\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u571f\u536b\u4e8c\u7684\u51b0\u5c42\u6837\u672c\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca(3)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8303\u56f4\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u662f\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u628a\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u8beb\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u5173\u5404\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u7aef\u300d<\/span>(Scharf et al.2015)<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08autonomous system\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u6027\/\u751f\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u5411\u524d\u4f20\u64ad<\/span>\uff08Krakauer et al.2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5171\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u8d28\u4e0a<\/strong>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4ee5\u73b0\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/strong>\u548c\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4ee5\u73b0\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08Extant-centric\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08History centric\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ea7\u751f\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fdb\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u4fdd\u6709\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08Principle centric\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\u548c\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u62ec\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u7126\u70b9\u90fd\u5e94\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u67d0\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u4e0b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u73b0\u5b58\u6216\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u70b9\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7684\u503e\u5411\u662f\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u673a\u5236\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u5730\u7403\u7269\u79cd\u95f4\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7956\u5148\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4ece\u751f\u5b58\u81f3\u4e0a\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08living-principles-first\uff09<\/span>\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5076\u7136\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u53d1\u80b2\u673a\u5236\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5404\u79cd\u690d\u7269\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u6700\u4f18\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u7f51\u7edc\uff1bSavage et al.2004; West and Brown 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u4e14\u5728\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u80fd\u903b\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u81ea\u7136\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u5174\u7ecf\u5178\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u6309\u7167\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6f14\u5316\u8bba\u7efc\u5408\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u6839\u636e\u8c31\u7cfb\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5f02\u6e90\u540c\u578b<\/span>\uff08homoplasy\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u6f14\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8f68\u8ff9\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u72b6\u6001\u5148\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/span>\uff08autonomous digital computers\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u751f\u547d\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u751f\u547d\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u8d28\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u5316\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u521d\u7ea7\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec8\u7a76\u4f1a\u6269\u5927\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b-\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6709\u70b9\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5177\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u5316\u5b66\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u8fdb\u5316\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6b21<\/strong>\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u6d8c\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u4f53\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/span>\uff08homology\uff09<\/span>\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u6709\u70b9\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684<\/span>\uff08analogous\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u540c\u5f62\u7684<\/strong><\/span>\uff08homoplastic\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7ec4\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8c31\u7cfb\uff08lineages\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u83b7\u5f97\u6216\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u751f\u547d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8d77\u6e90\u5728 LUCA \u4e2d\u6070\u597d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08Walker 2020\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u5c06\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u4e0e LUCA \u5efa\u7acb\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    Scharf \u7b49\u4eba<\/span>\uff08Scharf et al.2015\uff09<\/span>\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8fd9\u91cc\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5408\u6210<\/span>\uff08synthetic\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u666e\u904d\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7403\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7403\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3001\u4ea4\u6c47\u70b9\u548c\u5206\u652f\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5219\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ece\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5230\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u3001\u518d\u5230\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u591a\u91cd\u8f6c\u6362<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5230\u56fa\u4f53\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u518d\u5230\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u91cd\u8f6c\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u6216 Scharf et al.2015\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u904d\uff09<\/span>\u5c42\u6b21\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8d77\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u523b\u753b\u751f\u547d\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u72b6\u6001\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u8def\u5f84\u300d<\/span>\uff08Walker 2017\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u786e\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5316\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u540c\u5f62\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u5c06\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u6027\/\u751f\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8c22\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u5411\u524d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u590d\u5236\u6216\u5206\u9694<\/span>\uff08compartmentalization\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7684\u660e\u786e\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u672a\u6765\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08Krakauer et al. 2009,2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u80fd\u591f\u56ca\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u9ad8\u6548\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5c06\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u672a\u6765\u800c\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u628a\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6216\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u90e8\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fb5\u8680\u4f5c\u7528\u51cf\u5c11\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u7b80\u5355\u6eda\u52a8\u7684\u77f3\u5934\uff0c\u6216\u4ece\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5230\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u7b49\u4eba\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8bf7\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u7c7b\u8c31\u7cfb\uff1a\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u3001\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u884c\u661f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8bf7\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u547d\uff1f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u662f\u6d3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u75c5\u6bd2\u5374\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u5728\u4ee3\u8c22\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7ec4\u5408<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u5982 Villarreal 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u6392\u9664\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec6\u83cc\u7269\u79cd\u6765\u8bf4\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u5171\u751f\u4f53<\/span>\uff08obligate symbionts\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u751f\u6b96\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u6574\u4e2a\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u4f53\u624d\u662f\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff1f\u65e2\u7136\u98df\u8089\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u65b9\u9762\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u78f7\u5316\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6807\u5fd7\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u8bdd\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u5982 Sousa-Silva et al.2020\uff1bCockell et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u6f5c\u85cf\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c31\u300c\u6d3b\u300d\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e0e\u75c5\u6bd2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u91cf\u5730\u5c06\u300c\u751f\u547d\u6027\u300d<\/span>\uff08livingness\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08autonomous dynamical system\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f9d\u9760\u7279\u5f81\u5217\u8868\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u88ab\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fc7<\/span> (Walker and Davies 2013)<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u5212\u5206\u2014\u2014\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u300d<\/span>(Deutsch 2011)<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u6070\u6070\u662f\u6269\u5927\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b57\u7b26\u5217\u8868\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u529f\u80fd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u300c\u8111-\u5fc3\u300d\u548c\u300c\u57fa\u56e0\u578b-\u8868\u578b\u300d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u7269\u8d28\u9886\u57df\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u5141\u8bb8\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u5f3a\u8c03\u6700\u8fd1\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u5f15\u5165\u5b9a\u91cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027<\/span>\uff08Krakauer et al.2009,2020\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e3b\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Kolchinsky and Wolpert 2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u7ec4\u88c5<\/span>\uff08Marshall et al. 2017a, 2021; Murray et al.2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u5411\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6216\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Goldenfeld and Woese 2011\uff1bGoldenfeld et al. 2017\uff1bWalker et al. 2017\uff1bWalker 2017\uff1bDavies and Walker 2016\uff1bWalker et al. 2018)<\/span>\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5c42\u6216\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u601d\u8003\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u7075\u611f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e Marr<\/span>\uff08Marr 1982\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u9887\u50cf\u5bf9\u8868\u73b0\u578b\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u3002Marr \u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6709\u7528\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u751f\u547d\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u6bd4 Marr \u8003\u8651\u7684\u8981\u5927\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    Marr \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u5316\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u6c14\u5473\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6df1\u5ea6\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u5b9a\u5411\u68af\u5ea6\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u53f0\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u573a\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u95e8\u9635\u5217\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u5355\u5143\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u5de5\u4f5c\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u56fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u88681\uff1a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4e0e\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u5c42\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u5c42\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d28\u6599\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u88681\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u548c\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e3b\u5f20\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u7269\u7406-\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c42\u6b21\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236\u5230\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u88682\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Level 3<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4ee3\u8c22\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8017\u6563\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7f16\u7801\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u6218\u7565\u7a33\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08\u5982 Walker and Davies 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6846\u67b6\u5305\u62ec\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u79cd\u7fa4\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/span>
      <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Level 2<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9L3\u6b63\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u7ea6\u675f<\/span>\uff08Schrodinger 1944\uff1bGoldenfeld et al. 2017\uff1bGoldenfeld and Woese 2011\uff1bWalker 2017\uff1bKempes et al. 2019\uff1bBialek 2012\uff1bKaneko 2006\uff1bWalker et al. 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5b88\u6052\u5f8b\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210<\/span>\uff08Turing 1952\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5f02\u901f\u7f29\u653e\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08allometric scaling laws\uff0c Schmidt-Nielsen and Knut 1984\uff1bNiklas 1994\uff1bSavage et al. 2004\uff1bWest and Brown 2005\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6e20\u5316<\/span>\uff08canalization\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u9694\u79bb\u53ca\u53cd\u4f8b\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u53ca\u53cd\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u805a\u96c6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7fa4\u4f53\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8d62\u5bb6\u901a\u5403\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/span>
      <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Level 1\uff1a\u8d28\u6599<\/strong>\u3002\u53ef\u611f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9L2\u548cL3\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u65bd\u52a0\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u548c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u62ec\u7ec6\u80de\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u6392\u5217\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4ecb\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u5218\u6613\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08Lewis\u2019 law\uff09\uff08Lewis 1928\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/span>
      <\/section>\n
      <\/section>\n

      \u56fe1. \u751f\u547d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9075\u5faa\u7531\u7269\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u9762\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\u6240\u652f\u914d\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u5728L1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u79cd\u7cfb\u53d1\u80b2\u56fe\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f68\u8ff9\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8d77\u6e90\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/strong>\u7684\u751f\u547d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u53f2\u3002\u4ee5\u73b0\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/strong>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u5bfb\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u7ec8\u7aef\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u6027\u3002L1\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70b9\u90fd\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\u5730\u6620\u5c04\u5230L2\u7684\u70b9\u4e2d\u3002L2\u7684\u70b9\u96c6\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u7ea6\u675f\u662fL2\u4e2d\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002L1\u548cL2\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u70b9\u90fd\u670d\u4ece\u7531L3\u4e2d\u70b9\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff08maximization of fitness\uff09\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86L3\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u884c\u52a8\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/strong>\u7684\u751f\u547d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aL1\u5185\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8be5\u8f68\u8ff9\u5728L2\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u53ea\u80fd\u5728L3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\u6240\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u3002L1\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6620\u5c04\u5230L2\u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6216\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u96c6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cL1\u4e2d\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u548c\u7ea2\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u6620\u5c04\u5230L2\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u6295\u5c04\u5230L3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u6a59\u8272\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u7eff\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7ec8\u7aef\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7L2\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ea6\u675f\u548cL1\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u6e38\u5386\u5230\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u975e\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u6599\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7L1-L3\u7684\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u8f68\u8ff9\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMesa Schumacher<\/span>
      <\/p>\n

       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u56fe1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728L1\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002L1\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u63cf\u753b\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7L2\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7L1\u548cL2\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5219\u4ee5L3\u7684\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u4ee5\u73b0\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u6811\u7684\u6240\u6709\u672b\u7aef\u5206\u652f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728L1\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5305\u62ecL1\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u6811\u3002L2\u548cL3\u5bf9L1\u548cL2\u4e2d\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/span>\uff08decoherent history\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373L1\u4e2d\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7c07\u6620\u5c04\u5230L2\u548cL3\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u6216\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5728L1\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d28\u6599\u5728L2\u4e2d\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6216L3\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f53\u91cd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u4ee3\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5feb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8d28\u91cf\u968f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c06\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728L1\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4L3\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u8eaf\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08body plan\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u7a81\u53d8\u7387\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u6574\u4f53\u8868\u578b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u540c\u4e49\u5bc6\u7801\u5b50<\/strong><\/span>\uff08synonymous codons\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u7279\u5b9a\u7684GC\u542b\u91cf<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u9e1f\u560c\u5464\uff08Guanine\uff09\u548c\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff08Cytosine\uff09\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6709\u73af\u5883\u8981\u6c42<\/span>\uff08e.g. Mann et al.2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8868\u578b\u5f71\u54cd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7279\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u5230\u8868\u578b\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7f16\u7801\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      L2\u548cL3\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/strong>\u3002L2\u901a\u8fc7\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7ea6\u675f\u5728L3\u4e0a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u548c\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u90a3\u6837\u5f62\u5f0f\u5076\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u3002L3\u539f\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u53d8\u5206\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/span>\uff08variational principles\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002\u81f3\u4e8eL1\u5219\u662f\u6700\u5177\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3001\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230L2\u548cL3\u5171\u540c\u5236\u7ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u4eceL1\u5230L2\u5230L3\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u65ad\u8a00L1\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u628a\u751f\u547d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u67d0\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u67d0\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4f0a\u683c\u535a\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u6216\u65e5\u8bed\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u58f0\u97f3\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0cL1\u662f\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSmith \u548c Morowitz \u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u8c22\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684<\/span>\uff08Smith and Morowitz 2004; Morowitz and Smith 2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u627e\u5230\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u975e\u751f\u7269\u73af\u5883\u548c\u884c\u661f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bd5\u56fe\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7406\u89e3\u8d28\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662fL1\u548cL2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591aL1\u673a\u5236\u5229\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u542b\u6709\u6bd4\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u603b\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08Schrodinger 1944; Morowitz 1955\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u7684L2\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u8bb8\u591aL1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u7279\u5b9aL2\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u5b9aL1\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684L3\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u66f4\u591a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u300c\u5947\u602a\u7ea0\u7f20\u300d<\/span>\uff08strange tangle\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/span>\uff08L1\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u670d\u4ece\u80fd\u91cf\u7ea6\u675f<\/span>\uff08L2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u8868\u793a\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u522b<\/span>\uff08L3\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08Davies and Walker 2016; Walker 2017; Krakauer 2017; Krakauer and Jansen 2002\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u867d\u7136\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7ec4\u6210<\/span>\uff08\u8d28\u6599\u5c42\u9762\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6216\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7ea0\u9519\u3001\u7a00\u758f\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u5206\u5f62\u67b6\u6784<\/span>\uff08Flack 2017; Davies and Walker 2016; Walker 2017; Krakauer 2017; Krakauer and Jansen 2002; Smith 2008; Cronin et al. 2006; Kempes et al. 2019\uff09<\/span> \u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u628a\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aL3\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d85\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d85\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5f53\u66f2\u6298\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbf\u7740L3\u7684\u9ad8\u7ef4\u8f74\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u503c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u300c\u667a\u80fd\u300d\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u529b\u8f74\u4e0a\u5f88\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u8fd1\u300c\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u300d\u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5374\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u786e\u5b9aL3\u4e2d\u751f\u547d\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u9ad8\u7ef4\u66f2\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
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      \n
      \n
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      \n
      \n
      \n

      02<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
      \n

      \u666e\u904d\u751f\u547d\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n
      \u5728\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c6\u89d2\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b83\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8bf4\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001CPU\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u7531\u76f8\u5e94\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u62e5\u6709L1-L2-L3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684L3\u903b\u8f91\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u90b1\u5947-\u56fe\u7075\u539f\u7406\uff08Smith 2020\uff09\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684L1-L2\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4<\/span>\uff08Davis 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u9636\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684L3\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u7684L2\u7ea6\u675f\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u72ed\u7a84\u7684L1\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u624d\u5141\u8bb8L3\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u624d\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u9636\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ea\u662f\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eL1-L2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0L3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c06\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u95e8\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5f62\u6210\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u7535\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff08Brandt 2002\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e00\u6837<\/span> (Walker and Davies 2013)<\/span>\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u6570\u5b57<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u79bb\u6563\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5dee\u5206\u786c\u4ef6\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u786c\u4ef6\u5143\u7d20\u65b9\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\u2014\u2014L1\u548cL2\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u5907\u6027<\/span>\uff08Bournez\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2013\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00L3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u80fd\u529b\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u300c\u751f\u547d\u300d\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u751f\u5b58\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e0a\u611f\u5230\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u5408\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0e\u8003\u8651\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751a\u81f3\u56fe\u7075\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u672c\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u300c\u7269\u7406\u4f53\u73b0\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u300d<\/span>\uff08separation of physical embodiment from ability\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u4eff\u7ec6\u80de\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Cronin et al. 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9274\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6d3b\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u79cd\u8d28\u6599\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u5404\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u3001\u67d0\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6563\u70ed\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u90e8\u4ef6\u878d\u5316\u7684L1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5728L2\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u6563\u70ed\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u8d28\u6599\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ec6\u80de\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u5dee\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684L1\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684L3 \u539f\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u5230\u7684L2\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002L1 \u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9aL3\u548cL2\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u7684L3\u539f\u5219\u6b63\u5728 L1\u8d28\u6599\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53c8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4 L2\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5f53L3\u4f18\u5316\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684L2\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0cL1\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u3002\u88682\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      <\/section>\n

      \u88682\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c01\u88c5\uff08encapsulation\uff09\u7684\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/span><\/section>\n

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      03<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
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      \u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u673a\u5236\u548c\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n<\/h4>\n
      \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e76\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u5173\u6ce8\u7279\u5b9a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6216\u7ed9\u5b9a\u786c\u4ef6\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa<\/span>\uff08Steiner and Athanas 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u533a\u5206\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528GPU\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5728\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u770b\u5230\u6765\u81eaL2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ea6\u675f\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8d28\u6599\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5206\u914d\u4ee3\u8c22\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u786c\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u6216\u300c\u6cd5\u5219\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u8c31\u7cfb\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u89e3\u51b3\u666e\u904d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u751f\u547d\u65f6\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u6216\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cRNA\u548cDNA\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u9057\u4f20\u7f16\u7801\u7528\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\uff0cATP\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u4e86\u4eceL1\u5230L3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u72ed\u9698\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u628a\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff09\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u57fa\u8d28\uff08\u786c\u4ef6\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7a0b\u9057\u4f20\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08Chin 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8003\u8651\u9057\u4f20\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u7a81\u53d8\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u5e73\u57fa\u56e0\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3001RNA\u5e72\u6270\u548c\u62df\u6027\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u4e4b\u95f4\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08Jablonka and Lamb 2014\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u7c7b\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u6240\u9700\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u6240\u9700\u7684L1\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6269\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u6613\u9519\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u4ee5\u53caL2\u548cL3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u5408\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7406\u7531\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\uff08Bedau et al.2000\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u786c\u4ef6\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u529f\u80fd\u7f16\u7801\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7269\u7406\u673a\u68b0\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      04<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
      \n

      \u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u5217\u8868\u3001\u516c\u7406\u548c\u666e\u904d\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n
      \u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u805a\u7126\u5728\u7279\u5f81\u5217\u8868\u4e0a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\uff0cTrifonov 2011\uff1bKolb 2007\uff1bBenner 2010\uff1bBains et al. 2014\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u516c\u7406\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08Cleland 2019\uff1bGoldenfeld and Woese 2011\uff1bGoldenfeld et al.2017\uff1bWalker et al.2017\uff1bWalker 2017\uff1bDavies and Walker 2016\uff1bWalker et al.2018\uff1bKolb 2007\uff1bCleland 2012\uff1bBenner 2010\uff1bBains et al. 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u590d\u5236\u662f\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u300c\u673a\u68b0\u516c\u7406\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\uff08Trifonov 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u7406\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u6e90\u6027\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u534a\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u53ca\u6f14\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5982\u679c\u628a\u590d\u5236\u4f5c\u4e3aL1\u7269\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6838\u5fc3L2\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u963b\u6b62\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08England 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u590d\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u5316\u7684\u624b\u6bb5<\/span>\uff08Pascal et al. 2013)<\/span>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u5bf9\u624b\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5c06\u53d8\u5f02\u5f15\u5165\u79cd\u7fa4\u52a9\u957f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230<\/span>\uff08Boerlijst and Hogeweg 1995\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u590d\u8c03\u8282\u56de\u8def\u548c\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u6355\u98df\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u6216\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u5c31\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u5236\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f15\u5165\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9002\u5e94\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u5230\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u9519\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u590d\u5236\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u597d\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u81ea\u8bef\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u7801<\/strong><\/span>\uff08error-correcting codes\uff09<\/span>\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u628a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u7ea0\u9519\u79f0\u4f5c\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u7684\u5728\u786c\u4ef6\u6216\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u300c\u590d\u5236\u300d\u3002\u7ea0\u9519\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u6c42\u548c\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u300cOR\u300d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e0e\u590d\u5236\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91\u6620\u5c04\u603b\u662f\u6620\u5c04\u81ea\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c10\u300101\u548c11\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa1\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u5236\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u71b5\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u73af\u5883\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u53d6\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u516c\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u628a\u590d\u5236\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7ea6\u675f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u7269\u662f\u5426\u6709\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7ea6\u675f\u662f\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u627e\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5df2\u88ab\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u7269\u79cd\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08Krakauer 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\uff08L3\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u9700\u8981<\/span>\uff08L1-L2\uff09<\/span>\u673a\u5236 \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6765\u81ea\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u7f16\u7801\u5230\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u3002\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ea0\u9519\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u90fd\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5197\u4f59 (L3)\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5982DNA\u3001\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u6807\u8bb0\u3001\u7a81\u89e6\u7ed3<\/span>\uff08synaptic boutons\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u56fa\u6001\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1<\/span>\uff08\u5747\u4e3aL1\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408L3\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219\u548c\u7ea0\u9519\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684L3\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u8bef\u5dee\u9608\u503c<\/strong><\/span>\uff08error threshold\uff0cEigen 1971\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bef\u5dee\u9608\u503c\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8c31\u7cfb\u8840\u7edf<\/span>\uff08lineage\uff09<\/span>\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u53ef\u53d8\u5f02\u4f20\u64ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u673a\u5236\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6548\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u5217\u8868\u5305\u62ecL1\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u7684\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540c\u6837\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u5957L1\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u53e3\u8bed\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u603b\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cf\u4e0a<\/span>\uff08Nowak et al.1999\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0L3\u7684\u65b0\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\u9075\u5b88\u5171\u540c\u8017\u6563\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u6240\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b0\u516c\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e2dL1-L2\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u516c\u7406\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684L3\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u63a2\u6d4b\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      05<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      \n
      \n

      \u4ece\u751f\u547d\u5230\u751f\u547d\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u666e\u9002\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Cleland 2019; Goldenfeld and Woese 2011; Goldenfeld et al. 2017; Walker et al. 2017; Walker 2017; Davies and Walker 2016; Walker et al. 2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5404\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u62d3\u5bbd\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u5178\u300c\u673a\u68b0\u516c\u7406\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65e2\u662f\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u7c7b\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u90fd\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u56fe\u7075\u548c\u90b1\u5947\u5bf9\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Entscheidungs problem\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09<\/span>\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u9636\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\u56fe\u7075\u548c\u90b1\u5947\u4e25\u683c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ca\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u76f8\u4e92\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u96c6\u5408(\u53cc\u5411\u6a21\u62df)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u53cc\u5411\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d3\u5bbd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c31\u503c\u5f97\u786e\u5b9a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u901a\u7528\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6765\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u56fe\u7075\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\u6bd4\u2014\u2014\u300c\u751f\u547d\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027<\/strong>\u300d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684L3\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679cL1\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u8d28\u6599\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7L2\u6620\u5c04\u5230L3\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u751f\u547d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u56fe\u7075\u548c\u90b1\u5947\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5374\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u300d\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6e38\u620f\u300aMinecraft\u300b\u548c\u300a\u626b\u96f7\u300b\uff0c\u4ece Lisp \u5230 Python \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6269\u5c55L\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8d39\u66fc\u673a\u548c\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u673a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81f3\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u9020\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5\u4f55\u79cd\u6548\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\u8fd0\u884c\u6709\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u7406\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u548c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6bd4\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u548c\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u610f\u5473\u8bf4\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u76f8\u5f53\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u652f\u6301\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u901a\u7528\u751f\u547d\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6210\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5177\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6e05\u695a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u5b66\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u80fd\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u8d77\u6e90\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u57fa\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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      \u4e09\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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      <\/p>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u89c6\u89d2\u5c31\u662f\u7126\u70b9\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span>\uff08L1\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u7ea6\u675f<\/span>\uff08L2\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08L3\uff09<\/span>\u5c42\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u5e94\u8be5\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0a<\/span>\uff08Walker and Davies 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7406\u8bba\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08Walker 2017\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u4e00\u65e6L1-L2\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301L3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48L3\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62db\u81f4\u65b0\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684L1-L2\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7531\u4e0e\u6709\u673a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u751f\u547d\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aL3\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u673a\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u751f\u547d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u7684L3\u6c34\u5e73\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5230\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\uff1a\u77f3\u5668\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u5728200\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6d1e\u7a74\u827a\u672f\u51fa\u73b0\u57287\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6954\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u51fa\u73b0\u57285000\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6d3b\u5b57\u5370\u5237\u51fa\u73b0\u5728500\u5e74\u524d\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u53d1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u663e\u7136\u9700\u8981\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5148\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5185\u9690\u7f29\u653e<\/span>\uff08implicational scaling\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5f3a\u8c03\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u540c\u8d28\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u6536\u655b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ece\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bb8\u591a\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7ec8\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u751f\u547d\u6027\u300d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740L3\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u5c16\u9510\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08degrees-of-livingness\uff09<\/span>\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fb9\u754c\u5c06\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eL1\u4e2d\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cL1\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u6572\u9664\u7a81\u53d8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4L3\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u52aa\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u6784\u5efa\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u88c5\u914d\u7684\u91cf\u5316<\/span>\uff08Marshall et al. 2017a, 2021\uff1bMurray et al. 2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u89e3<\/span>\uff08Krakauer et al.2020\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8fb9\u754c<\/span>\uff08Marshall et al.2017b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u4f30<\/span>\uff08Kolchinsky and Wolpert 2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08Lachmann and Walker 2019\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u90fd\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u9610\u660e\u4e86L2\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5236\u7ea6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08Savage et al. 2004\uff1bWest and Brown 2005\uff1bDeLong et al. 2010\uff1bLane and Martin 2010\uff1bKempes et al. 2012\uff1bLynch and Marinov 2015\uff1bKempes et al. 2016, 2019\uff1bIlker and Hinczewski 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u5929\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u641c\u5bfb\u5730\u5916\u6f14\u5316\u75d5\u8ff9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u50cf\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u8fd9\u6837\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u591a\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8d8b\u540c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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      <\/section>\n

      \u88683\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6=1\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6=3\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u680f\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u8bc4\u7ea7 x=3\uff0cy=2 \uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba x=2\uff0cy=3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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      [9] Cleland CE (2012) Life without definitions. Synthese 185(1):125\u2013144<\/span><\/section>\n
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      [12] Cronin L, Krasnogor N, Davis BG, Alexander C, Robertson N, Steinke JH, Schroeder SL, Khlobystov AN, Cooper G, Gardner PM et al (2006) The imitation game\u2014a computational chemical approach to recognizing life. Nat Biotechnol 24(10):1203\u20131206<\/span><\/section>\n
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      [14] Davis M (2018) The universal computer: the road from Leibniz to Turing. A K Peters\/CRC Press, New YorkDeLong JP, Okie JG, Moses ME, Sibly RM, Brown JH (2010) Shifts in metabolic scaling, production, and efficiency across major evolutionary transitions of life. Proc Nat Acad Sci 107(29):12941\u201312945<\/span><\/section>\n
      [15] Deutsch D (2011) The beginning of infinity: explanations that transform the world. Penguin, London<\/span><\/section>\n
      [16] Eigen M (1971) Molecular self-organization and the early stages of evolution. Q Rev Biophys 4:149\u2013212<\/span><\/section>\n
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      \u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u5386\u65f640\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u706b\u70ac\u63a5\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u675f\u706b\u7130\u5728\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u8d77\u7aef\u88ab\u70b9\u71c3\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u76f4\u4f20\u9012\u7740\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u770b\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u706b\u4e00\u76f4\u50cf\u5965\u6797\u5339\u65af\u706b\u70ac\u4f20\u9012\u7740\u2014\u2014\u4e14\u5bb9\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u5ff5\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u773c\u775b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u8d77\u6e90\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u805a\u5408\u5668\u5b98\u6765\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u591a\u6b21\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
      \u5728\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Journal of Molecular Evolution <\/em>\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458 Chris Kempes \u548c David Krakauer \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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      \u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0cKempes \u548c Krakauer \u547c\u5401\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8003\u8651\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d28\u6599<\/strong>\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u89c6\u4f5c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6765\u6355\u6349\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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      \u5f53\u5728\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u751f\u547d\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u8d77\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u300d<\/strong>\uff0cKrakauer \u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8981\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u68ee\u6797\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Kempes \u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u4e0a\u4e00\u6837\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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      \u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728 Kempes-Krakauer \u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u73b0\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ece\u5b9a\u91cf\u4e0a\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u8c31\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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      Kempes \u548c Krakauer \u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u751f\u547d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002Krakauer \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5bfb\u627e\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c06\u6f84\u6e05\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u300c\u5efa\u9020\u8bbe\u5907\u5bfb\u627e\u751f\u547d\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u300c\u751f\u547d\u5ea6\u300d\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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