{"id":28679,"date":"2021-09-06T21:25:20","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T13:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28679"},"modified":"2021-09-06T21:25:20","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T13:25:20","slug":"%e8%84%91%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%a7%e7%9a%84%e8%84%91%e5%ae%b9%e9%87%8f%e9%a2%84%e7%a4%ba%e6%9b%b4%e9%ab%98%e7%9a%84%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e6%b0%b4%e5%b9%b3%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28679","title":{"rendered":"\u8111\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff1a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8111\u5bb9\u91cf\u9884\u793a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u56fe3. \u8111\u7684\u6298\u53e0\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span><\/section>\n
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Mota\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u76ae\u5c42\u603b\u8868\u9762\u79ef<\/span>\uff08total surface area, Ag\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5916\u8868\u9762\u79ef<\/span>\uff08exposed surface area, Ae\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u539a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08thickness, T\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6a21\u62df\uff0c<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0 Ae <\/sub>\u4e0e T1\/2<\/sup>Ag<\/sub> \u4e4b\u95f4\u6ee1\u8db31.25\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e866\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u5916\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u6298\u53e0\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Folding Index, Ag\/Ae\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u7531\u76ae\u5c42\u539a\u5ea6\u548c\u76ae\u5c42\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe4. \u76ae\u5c42\u6307\u6807\u95f4\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b64\u540e\uff0cMota\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6837\u672c\u96c6\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6307\u6807\u4e0a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/span>\u5982\u56fe4B\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u4e8638\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u4e0a\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u603b\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u5916\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u7070\u8d28\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u767d\u8d28\u4f53\u79ef\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/span>\u5982\u679c<\/span>\u6b64\u524d<\/span>\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9762\u79ef\uff08Ag\u3001Ae\uff09\u4e0e\u539a\u5ea6\uff08T\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7269\u79cd\u4e2d\u666e\u9002\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u4f53\u79ef\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/span>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eAg\u548cT\u4e0eVg\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001Ae\u4e0eVt\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0cVgT-1\/2<\/sup>\u5c06\u4e0eVt\u5b58\u57280.83\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u95f4<\/span>\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e<\/span>\u666e\u904d\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff082\uff09\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0cMota\u7b49\u4eba\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u76ae\u5c42\u539a\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u7b49\u5b8f\u89c2\u6307\u6807\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6f14\u5316\u679d<\/span>\uff08clade\uff09<\/span>\u5185\u90e8 \uff0c<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/math-formula>\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5e42\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe5. \u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u76ae\u5c42\u6307\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5e42\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0a\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6307\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7070\u767d\u8d28\u6307\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u76ae\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u767d\u8d28\u4f53\u79ef\uff09<\/span>\u95f4\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6f14\u5316\u679d\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6709\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6307\u6807\u548c\u76ae\u5c42\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u6298\u53e0\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u679d\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u666e\u904d\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56db\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u76ae\u5c42\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u539a\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe6. \u6307\u6807\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

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    <\/span>
<\/section>\n<\/h2>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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3. \u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u5316<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

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\uff081\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u8111\u533a\u76ae\u5c42\u9762\u79ef\u6269\u5f20\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe7. \u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u8111\u533a\u81a8\u80c0\u6307\u6570<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8111\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8111\u533a\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5982\u56fe7\u6240\u793a\uff0cHill\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u7315\u7334\u7684\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4fa7\u989e<\/span>\uff08lateral temporal\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9876\u53f6<\/span>\uff08parietal\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u989d\u53f6<\/span>\uff08frontal\uff09<\/span>\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5c9b\u53f6<\/span>\uff08insular\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6795\u53f6<\/span>\uff08occipital\uff09<\/span>\u76ae\u5c42\u76842\u500d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6269\u5f20\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8111\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81a8\u80c0\u7387\u5927\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8054\u5408\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u529f\u80fd\u8f83\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u76ae\u5c42\u5728\u7269\u79cd\u95f4\u548c\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5c0f<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u81a8\u80c0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u533a\u57df\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u751f\u957f\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6210\u719f\uff1b\u800c\u81a8\u80c0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5927\u7684\u533a\u57df\u66f4\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u540e\u5929\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff082\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u8111\u533a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u589e\u901f\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u76ae\u5c42\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8fd8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Wang\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5927\u8111\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4fe1\u606f\u987a\u5229\u3001\u53ca\u65f6\u5730\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5174\u594b\u4f20\u9012\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86<\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u7c97\u3001\u6216\u957f\u5ea6\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u5e03\u7ebf\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u4fdd\u6301\u5174\u594b\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d8\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u54ea\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u5174\u594b\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u589e\u5927\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe8. \u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u5f02\u901f\u589e\u957f<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Gong\u7b49\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6837\u672c\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u4eba\u8111\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u8111\u533a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u5e03\u7ebf\u539f\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4e0e\u8111\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u957f\u7b49\u901f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u957f\u901f\u7387\u76841\/3\u3002\u5982\u56fe8\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8111\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5448\u73b0\u8fc7\u589e\u957f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08over-scaling\uff09<\/span>\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u8fde\u63a5\u5927\u8111\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4fa7\u8eaf\u4f53\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u533a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5219\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4f4e\u901f\u589e\u957f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08under-scaling\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

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4. \u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u8111\u888b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53e4\u65b0\u4e16\u5230\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u8fbe\u5230\u5927\u8111\u888b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7269\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u95f4\u7684\u659c\u7387\u4e0e\u622a\u8ddd\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6355\u6349\u5230\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8111\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8111\u6307\u6807\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u76ae\u5c42\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u539a\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u76ae\u5c42\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u589e\u957f\u548c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u89c4\u5f8b\u5747\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u76ae\u5c42\u8fc7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u521d\u7ea7\u76ae\u5c42\u589e\u957f\u901f\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u8111\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u76ae\u5c42\u529f\u80fd\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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[1] Mota, B., Dos Santos, S. E., Ventura-Antunes, L., Jardim-Messeder, D., Neves, K., Kazu, R. S., Noctor, S., Lambert, K., Bertelsen, M. F., Manger, P. R., Sherwood, C. C., Kaas, J. H., & Herculano-Houzel, S. (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
[2] White matter volume and white\/gray matter ratio in mammalian species as a consequence of the universal scaling of cortical folding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(30), 15253\u201315261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/ggxdth<\/span><\/section>\n
[3] Smaers, J. B., Rothman, R. S., Hudson, D. R., Balanoff, A. M., Beatty, B., Dechmann, D. K. N., Vries, D. de, Dunn, J. C., Fleagle, J. G., Gilbert, C. C., Goswami, A., Iwaniuk, A. N., Jungers, W. L., Kerney, M., Ksepka, D. T., Manger, P. R., Mongle, C. S., Rohlf, F. J., Smith, N. A., Safi, K. (2021). The evolution of mammalian brain size. Science Advances, 7(18), eabe2101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abe2101<\/span><\/section>\n
[4] Mota, B., & Herculano-Houzel, S. (2015). Cortical folding scales universally with surface area and thickness, not number of neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6243), 74\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaa9101<\/span><\/section>\n
[5] Hill, J., Inder, T., Neil, J., Dierker, D., Harwell, J., & Essen, D. V. (2010). Similar patterns of cortical expansion during human development and evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(29), 13135\u201313140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/dzkpr6<\/span><\/section>\n
[6] Yang, L., Zhao, C., Xiong, Y., Zhong, S., Wu, D., Peng, S., Schotten, M. T. de, & Gong, G. (2021). Callosal fiber length scales with brain size according to functional lateralization, evolution, and development (p. 2021.04.01.437788). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.01.437788<\/span><\/section>\n
[7] Wang, Y., Necus, J., Rodriguez, L. P., Taylor, P. N., & Mota, B. (2019). Human cortical folding across regions within individual brains follows universal scaling law. Communications Biology, 2(1), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-019-0421-7<\/span><\/section>\n

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